Fall 2012 midterm study guide
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What are the four major macromolecules?
Which of the four is not soluble in water?
What are the monomers and polymers for each of the macromolecules?
What are the major jobs of each of the macromolecules?
What is the ultimate source of energy for living things?
Be able to identify the following organelles:
a. Nucleus
b. E.R.
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Mitochondria
e. Chloroplast
f. Cell membrane
g. Cell wall
Be able to identify the FUNCTIONS of the following organelles:
a. Nucleus
b. E.R.
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Mitochondria
e. Chloroplast
f. Cell membrane
g. Cell wall
h. Ribosomes
Which organelles are found only in plant cells? Only in animal cells?
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
What does it mean for a molecule to be polar?
What composes an atom?
What are the charges of the 3 subatomic particles?
Why is the surface area : volume ratio important? How does it limit cell size?
What is the source of the oxygen produced during photosynthesis?
What is the role of chlorophyll?
What are the differences between covalent and ionic bonds?
Be able to identify the PURPOSE, REACTANTS, and PRODUCTS of the following reactions:
a. Light reaction
b. Calvin cycle
c. Glycolysis
d. Lactic acid fermentation
e. Alcoholic fermentation
f. Kreb’s cycle
g. Electron transport chain (cell. Resp.)
Be able to identify the structure and function of ATP and ADP + P
19. In which step of cellular respiration is the most energy transferred?
20. Be able to identify the direction of movement of water and solutes from high to low
concentrations.
21. Why is carbon such a versatile element?
22. What can be produced following the calvin cycle?
23. What are the connections between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
24. Why do plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria?
25. What lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction?
26. What are the various forms of passive cell transport? How do they differ?
27. What are the various forms of active transport? How do they differ?
28. Define hypothesis, theory, prediction, and controlled experiment
29. Why do water molecules break up other polar substances?
30. What limits the movement of particles across a cell membrane?
31. What are the electron carriers in cellular respiration?
32. What is the electron carrier in photosynthesis?
33. Why is oxygen so important to cellular respiration? What happens if oxygen is not present?
34. What are enzymes? Why are they important?
35. Define photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
36. How do large molecules enter a cell?
37. Define hetero and autotrophs.
38. Define homeostasis
39. What are the stages of cellular respiration?
40. Define ecology
41. What are the differences between a single, double, and triple bonds?
42. Why are organelles useful?
43. What is a buffer?
44. What is the difference between an SEM and TEM?
45. What is the cell theory?
46. What energy molecule is needed for active transport?
47. What follows glycolysis in the absence of oxygen? In the presence of oxygen?
48. What is a phospholipid bilayer?
Photosynthesis overview
Cellular respiration overview
Electron transport chain of cellular
respiration