SECTION 1.2 The Way Science Works
SCIENCE SKILLS
Identifying Problems
Critical thinking- trying to solve problems by asking more questions, and using
logic to find answers.
Hypothesis- possible answer that you can test. An “If and Then” statement that
suggest a possible solution to an identified problem. A theory or
explanation that is based on observations and that can be tested.
Planning Experiment
Controlled Experiment- is an experiment that tests only one factor at a time by
comparing a control group with an experimental group. Only one variable is
changed, all others are kept constant.
Variables- are the factors that can affect the outcome of the experiment.
Recording Observations
Tools- allow more exact measurement in units accepted and used by scientists
around the world.
Basic - Stopwatch, meter stick, triple-beam balance, graduated cylinder.
Advanced- spectroscope- separate light into specific wavelengths.
particle accelerator- smashes subatomic particles together
Correctly Reporting Data
Bias- when personal feelings interfere with making logical judgments, also must
avoid conflict of interest
International System of Units “SI” based on the Metric System
Base Units- length(meter), time(second), volume(L), mass(kg)
Derived Units- a combination of base units speed, pressure, volume,
weight (gravity’s influence on mass)
USING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
A systematic approach scientist use to help organize their thoughts. A series of steps
followed to solve problems, including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the
hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
International System of Units (SI) the measurement system accepted worldwide. SI units
are used for consistency. Based on the Metric system.
SI prefixes are for very large and very small measurements
Steps to convert units:
1. Write the given unit over 1, like in a fraction.
2. Write the unit that you want to convert from in the denominator of the next fraction.
3. Write the unit that you want to convert to in the numerator of the same fraction.
4. Place a “1” in front of the unit with a prefix.
5. From memory, place the multiple of the base unit in front of the unit without a prefix.
6. Continue steps 2-5 until all units are cancelled except for the one that is required.