INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY
Name: Noof Alsuwaidan
ID: 200800579
Lab reports#:1
Instructor Name: TABASSUM ASHFAQ
Determination of Density of Soilds and Liquids
Objectives:
 To get knowledge about how measure the density of liquids
 To be aware with measuring instruments and estimation of measurement
error.
Meterial that need:
Solid and liquid samples
Graduatedu cylinder
Volumetric flask
Weighing balance
Measureing scale
Graph paper
Expeirement Procedure:
A) Determining the density of a solid
First of all, we take an unknown solid of and then record of unknown and all measurement s
and calculation on paper.Second ,we record the mass by using an analytical balance.Third ,we
pour distilled water into 100 ml and take out of cylinder to approximately the 50 ml mark. And
then determine the volume of the solid and that is by subtracting the water level readings
before and after the solid was placed in the water.After that we calculate the density of
unkown soild.
B) Determining the density of a liquid
First of all , we take an unkown liquid and record the number of the unknown and all
measurements and calculations on paper.Second, we record the mass of
cylinder/volumetric flask.Third, we rinse the graduated cylinder/ volumetric flask with a
small quantity of the unknown liquid .Then after that we fill the graduated cylinder /
volumetric flask with unknown liquid exactly up to the mark to record the mass.Fouth ,
we calculate the mass of liquid, volume of liquid by using the bottom of the meniscus
and density of the unknown liquid.
C) Determining the density of a solution
First, we use a beaker in orede to record the mass. Then we add 50 ml of 5% salt
solution into the beaker and we take the record the mass of the beaker and salt
solution.Second ,we calculate the mass of the salt solution and also we calculate the
density of the 5% salt solution. We repeat step 1-4 for the 10%,15%,20% salt solutions
and for water.
D) Graphic Method
We draw graph the Y-axis is density and X-axis is weight percent
composition(%). After that we determine the unkown % concertration and
then we draw on Y-axis dotted line from density until the intersection to fit
line. Also we draw on X-axis line from density until the intersection to
determine th weight.
Calculation and result:
Soild one
Mass of the soild
Volume of water
without solid
Volume of water
with solid
Voulme od
Density of solid
(m/v)
Average density
Trail 1
10.0192 g
15.60 ml
Trail 2
10.0192 g
25.10 ml
18.11 ml
27.70 ml
2.51 ml
2.8 ml
3.76 g/ml
______
Soild two
Mass of the solid
Volume of solid
(L*W*H)
Density of solid
Average density
Trail 1
43.874 g
67.51 cm
0.649 g/ml
0.649 g/ml
3
Trail 2
43.869 g
61.51cm
0.649 g/ml
_______
3
Liquid
Trail 1
34.97 g
Trail 2
Mass of volume flask+
sample
Mass of the sample
84.31 g
84.32 g
49.34 g
49.33 g
Volume of the sample
Density of the sample
50 ml
0.986 g/ml
50 ml
0.986 g/ml
Average density
0.986 g/ml
_________
Mass of volume flask
34.99 g
Solution
Mass of
beaker
Mass of
solution &
beaker
Mass of
solution
Volume of
solution
Density of
solution
(m/v)
5% solution
34.74g
10% solution
34.24 g
15% solution
34.29 g
20% solution
34.29 g
unknown
33.90 g
87.2769 g
88.2077 g
89.4629 g
91.2935 g
86.8266 g
52.5338 g
53.9646 g
55.17 g
56.5922 g
52.9226 g
50 ml
50 ml
50 m
50 ml
50 ml
1.05 g/ml
1.07 g/ml
1.10 g/ml
1.13 g/ml
1.05 g/ml
Conclusion
In this experiment we will determine the density of a liquid and a solid by the
procedure we have outlined. First we weigh an empty flask and its stopper. We the fill
the flask completely with water, measuring the mass of the filled stoppered flask. From
the difference in these two masses we find the mass of water and then, from the know
density of water, we determine the volume of the flask. We empty and dry the flask, fill it
with an unknown liquid, and weigh again. From the mass of the liquid and the volume of
the flask we find the density of the liquid. To determine the density of an unknown solid
metal, we add the metal to the dry empty flask and weigh. This allows us to find the
mass of the metal. We then fill the flask with water, leaving the metal in the flask, and
weigh again. The increase in mass is that of the added water; from that increase, and
the density of water, we calculate the volume of water we added. The volume of the
metal must equal the volume of the flask minus the volume of water. From the mass
and volume of the metal we calculate its density.
Separation of Solid State Mixture Components
Objectives:
To learn how to separate a heterogeneous mixture
To determine the percnetage of each component in the total mixture.
Meterial that need:
Weight balance
Evaporating dish
Burner
Sample of NH4Cl2,SiO2 and NaCl
Tongs
Soil and salt
Distilled water
Expeirement Procedure:
First of all we use the electronice balance and record the mass of dry evaporating
dish and record the value(ml).Second we get about 4-5g known mixture and add
it to the dish then we measure the weigh and record the mass of it (m2). After
that we heat the dish slowly,but gradually increase the heat to moderate level
and stirit until white fumes of NH4Cl2 vaporizing.Then we keep evaporating dish
for cooling then we record the mass(m3). Then we add about 20ml distilled water
to the sample in the ecaporating dish and stir for around 5 minutes so that NaCl
dissolves.so in the end we pour the water to make sure that it had completely
dissolved and repeat this until extract the NaCl from SiO2.
Calculation and result:
To find mass of original mixture : m2-m1= 4.7182 g
To find mass of ammonium chloride in sample: m2-m3=0.0973 g
To find percent ammonium chloride in sample: (m2-m3)*100/m2-m1=2.06g
To find mass of NaCl in sample: m3-m4 =0.7158g
To find percent NaCl in sample: (m3-m4)*100/m2-m1=15.2%
To find mass of silicon dioxide in sample: m4-m1= 3.9051 g
To find percent of silicon dioxide in sample: mass of silicon*100/m2-m1=82.8%
Conclusion:
In this experiment we could
understand the terms mixture, sublimation,
filteration and evaporation .Also we got acquire skill to perform the separation of
components of a mixture using the following technique:

Sublimation

Filtration

Evaporation
We were able to analyzes the method suitable to separate ammonium chloride, salt
and sand from their mixture. Also visualize the way these separations are done in
the experiment which will help them to arrange the things properly in the lab.