CO2
Avoided CO2 Emissions
Task Group Energy Efficiency
Activity
Avoided CO2
emissions per
year
Direct effects from lighthouse projects
Lighthouse project 1: Retrofit of Nanshan building to extra-low energy
consumption (85% energy savings standard), measured
88
Lighthouse project 2: First passive house in West China (95% energy savings
standard) after completion according to design
210
Lighthouse project 3: Improved energy efficiency of PVC production at
ZhongTai Chemical Co. (as of 2011)
Source: cleaner production audit by XJAEPS, IFEU, and IUWA
150,000
Implementation in planning
Revision of energy efficiency standard for new buildings:
75% energy savings standard for 65% of new buildings effective 2014 and
100% of all buildings effective 2015 (compared to existing 65% energy
savings standard), for a total of 28 million m2 gross floor area in 2018
250,000
Additional energy efficiency improvements at ZhongTai Chemical Co.:
Additional 4% savings of carbide input from acetylene loss reduction at PVC
production capacity of 500,000 tonnes per year
150,000
Indirect effects due to recommended policy changes
Recommended policy 1: 1 million m2 of new construction in Urumqi in
passive house standard (compared to existing 65% energy savings standard)
27,000
Recommended policy 2: Retrofit of 10 million m2 of existing buildings to
65% energy savings standard (compared to existing 50% energy savings
standard for retrofits)
130,000
Recommended policy 3: Feedstock change for planned expansion of PVC
production of 5 million tonnes per year
(petroleum-to-ethylene instead of coal-based carbide process)
44,000,000
CO2 emissions in Xinjiang (pop. 23 million) in the year 2012: 180,000,000 tonnes
Per-capita emissions in Xinjiang in the year 2012: 9.3 tonnes
RECAST Urumqi, Task Group Energy Efficiency: Avoided CO2 Emissions
Details of calculation
Lighthouse project 1: retrofit of an existing building to extra-low energy consumption (973 m2 GFA)
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Baseline: district heat from coal
Heat demand lowered from 392 to 64 kWh/m2 (net heated area), reduction by 85%
First zero-CO2 emission building in Urumqi
Avoided CO2-eq emissions: 88 tonnes per year
Lighthouse project 2: First passive house in West China (7,979 m2 GFA)
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Baseline: new building according to current legal standard
Heat demand lowered from 98 to 14 kWh/m2 (gross floor area), reduction by 86%
Emission factor: 0.32 kg CO2 per kWh/m2*a (relative to GFA)
Assume supply of district heat with natural gas
CO2 emissions legal standard: 250 tonnes per year (district heat natural gas)
CO2 emissions passive house: 36 tonnes per year
Avoided CO2-eq emissions: 210 tonnes per year
Lighthouse project 3: ZhongTai PVC production (280,000 tonnes in 2010)
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Existing processes in 2008
Revisions established by 2010
Realized savings:
7,700 tonnes of raw coal = 17,0000 tonnes CO2 (2.3 Mg CO2/Mg of raw coal)
1.8 GWh electricity = 1,800 tonnes CO2 (0.001 Mg CO2/kWh)
24,000 tonnes of carbide = 130,000 tonnes CO2 (5.3 Mg CO2/Mg carbide)
Avoided CO2 emissions: 150,000 tonnes in 2010
Immediate implementation: 75% energy savings standard for new buildings
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New standard will reduce heat end energy consumption from current 98 to 70 kWh/m2
(gross floor area) for new construction in Urumqi (except high-rise and industry)
Construction of 28 million m2 GFA until 2018
Assume supply of district heat with natural gas
Emission factor: 0.32 kg CO2 per kWh/m2*a (relative to GFA)
Avoided CO2 emissions: 250,000 tonnes per year
Savings in fuel costs over 25 years: 7.5 billion RMB (= 940 million €)
These savings can be converted to energy efficiency investments at 34 €/m2 of GFA
Immediate implementation: additional reduction of acetylene losses by 4%
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Acetylene losses in overflow water will be reduced by additional 4%
Goal: carbide input of 1,364 kg per tonne of PVC
PVC production of 500,000 tonnes per year
Emission factor: 5.3 Mg CO2/Mg carbide
Avoided CO2 emissions: 150,000 tonnes per year
Recommended policy 1: Build 1 million m2 of new construction as passive houses
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New standard will reduce heat end energy consumption from current 98 to 15 kWh/m2
(gross floor area)
Assume the construction of 1 million m2 GFA in passive house standard
Assume supply of district heat with natural gas
Emission factor: 0.32 kg CO2 per kWh/m2*a (relative to GFA)
Avoided CO2 emissions: 27,000 tonnes per year
Savings in fuel cost over 25 years: 800 million RMB (= 100 million €)
These savings can be converted to energy efficiency investments at 100 €/m2 of GFA
Recommended policy 2: Retrofit of 10 million m2 of existing buildings to 65% instead of 50% energy
saving standard
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New standard will reduce heat end energy consumption from current 140 to 98 kWh/m2 (net
heated area)
Assume the retrofit of 10 million m2 GFA
Assume supply of district heat with natural gas
Emission factor: 0.32 kg CO2 per kWh/m2*a (relative to GFA)
Avoided CO2-eq emissions: 130,000 tonnes per year
Savings in fuel cost over 25 years: 4 billion RMB (= 500 million €)
Savings could be converted to energy efficiency investments (50 €/m2 of GFA)
Recommended policy 3: Feedstock change for planned expansion of PVC production
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Assume new PVC production capacity: 5 million tonnes per year
Petroleum-to Ethylene (PtE) rather than coal-based Carbide process
Reduction in specific emissions: from 12 to 3.1 tonnes CO2 per tonne of PVC
Avoided CO2 emissions: 44 million tonnes per year; 11 billion tonnes over 25 years
No change in sale price of PVC, significant reduction of profits
6 May 2013
Bernd Franke
ifeu-Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg
Wilckensstr. 3
69120 Heidelberg, Germany
[email protected]