MIMO-OFDM
Wireless
Communications
with MATLAB
®
Chapter 2. SISO Channel Models
Yong Soo Cho | Jaekwon Kim
Won Young Yang | Chung G. Kang
Chapter 2. SISO Channel Models
 2.1 INDOOR CHANNEL MODELS
- 2.1.1 General Indoor Channel Model
- 2.1.2 IEEE 802.11 Channel Model
- 2.1.3 Saleh-Velenzuela (S-V) Channel Model
- 2.1.4 UWB Channel Model
 2.2 OUTDOOR CHANNEL MODELS
- 2.2.1 FWGN Model
- 2.2.2 Jakes Model
- 2.2.3 Ray-Based Channel Model
- 2.2.4 Frequency-Selective Fading Channel Model
- 2.2.5 SUI Channel Model
Page  2
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.1 Indoor Channel Models
2.1.1 General Indoor Channel Models
Page  3
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.1.1 General Indoor Channel Models
Page  4
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.1.2 IEEE 802.11 Channel Model
Page  5
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.1.2 IEEE 802.11 Channel Model
Page  6
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.1.3 Saleh-Valenzuela(S-V) Channel Model
Page  7
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.1.3 Saleh-Valenzuela(S-V) Channel Model
Page  8
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.1.3 Saleh-Valenzuela(S-V) Channel Model
Page  9
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.1.4 UWB Channel Model
Page  10
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
 
12x
2.1.4 UWB Channel Model
Target Channel Characteristics
CM 1
CM 2
CM 3
Mean excess delay (nsec) ( )
5.05
10.38
14.18
RMS delay (nsec) ( )
5.28
8.03
14.28
NP10dB
CM 4
25
35
NP (85%)
24
36.1
61.54
 (1/nsec)
0.0233
0.4
0.0667
0.0667
 (1/nsec)
2.5
0.5
2.1
2.1

7.1
5.5
14.00
24.00

4.3
6.7
7.9
12
(dB)
3.3941
3.3941
3.3941
3.3941
(dB)
3.3941
3.3941
3.3941
3.3941
(dB)
3
3
3
3
Mean excess delay (nsec) ( )
5.0
9.9
15.9
30.1
RMS delay (nsec) ( )
5
8
15
25
NP10dB
12.5
15.3
24.9
41.2
NP (85%)
20.8
33.9
64.7
123.3
Channel energy mean (dB)
-0.4
-0.5
0.0
0.3
Channel energy std (dB)
2.9
3.1
3.1
2.7
Model Parameters
Model Characteristics
Page  11
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.1.4 UWB Channel Model
Page  12
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.1.4 UWB Channel Model
Page  13
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.1.4 UWB Channel Model
Page  14
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2 Outdoor Channel Models
2.2.1.1 Clarke/Gans Model
Page  15
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.1.1 Clarke/Gans Model
Page  16
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.1.1 Clarke/Gans Model
Page  17
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.1.2 Modified Frequency-Domain
FWGN Model
Page  18
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.1.2 Modified Frequency-Domain
FWGN Model
Page  19
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.1.2 Modified Frequency-Domain
FWGN Model
Page  20
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.1.2 Modified Frequency-Domain
FWGN Model
Page  21
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.1.3 Time-Domain FWGN Model
Page  22
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.2 Jakes Model
Page  23
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.2 Jakes Model
Page  24
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.2 Jakes Model
Page  25
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.2 Jakes Model
Page  26
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.2 Jakes Model
Page  27
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.2 Jakes Model
Page  28
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.3 Ray-Based Channel Model
Page  29
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.3 Ray-Based Channel Model
Page  30
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.3 Ray-Based Channel Model
Page  31
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.3.1 Uniform Power Subray Method
Page  32
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.3.1 Uniform Power Subray Method
Page  33
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.3.1 Uniform Power Subray Method
Page  34
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.3.1 Uniform Power Subray Method
Page  35
Sub-path #
(m)
Offset for a 2 deg AS
at BS (Macrocell )
(degrees)
Offset for a 5 deg AS
at BS ( Microcell )
(degrees)
Offset for a 35 deg AS
at MS (degrees)
1, 2
 0.0894
 0.2236
 1.5649
3, 4
 0.2826
 0.7064
 4.9447
5, 6
 0.4984
 1.2461
 8.7224
7, 8
 0.7431
 1.8578
 13.0045
9, 10
 1.0257
 2.5642
 17.9492
11, 12
 1.3594
 3.3986
 23.7899
13, 14
 1.7688
 4.4220
 30.9538
15, 16
 2.2961
 5.7403
 40.1824
17, 18
 3.0389
 7.5974
 53.1816
19, 20
 4.3101
 10.7753
 75.4274
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.3.2 Sampled Laplacian Method
Page  36
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.4 Frequency-Selective Fading Channel
Model
Pedestrian A
Tab
Page  37
Pedestrian B
Vehicular A
Vehicular B
Doppler
Spectrum
Relative
delay [ns]
Average
Power [dB]
Relative
delay [ns]
Average
Power [dB]
Relative
delay [ns]
Average
Power [dB]
Relative
delay [ns]
Average
Power [dB]
1
0
0.0
0.
0.0
0
0.0
0
-2.5
Classic
2
110
-9.7
200
-0.9
310
-1.0
300
0.0
Classic
3
190
-19.2
800
-4.9
710
-9.0
8900
-12.8
Classic
4
410
-22.8
1200
-8.0
1090
-10.0
12900
-10.0
Classic
5
2300
-7.8
1730
-15.0
17100
-25.2
Classic
6
3700
-23.9
2510
-20.0
20000
-16.0
Classic
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.4 Frequency-Selective Fading Channel
Model
Typical Urban (TU)
Bad Urban (BU)
Tab
Page  38
Relative delay [us]
Average Power
Doppler Spectrum
Relative delay [us]
Average Power
Doppler Spectrum
1
0.0
0.189
Classic
0.0
0.164
Classic
2
0.2
0.379
Classic
0.3
0.293
Classic
3
0.5
0.239
Classic
1.0
0.147
GAUS1
4
1.6
0.095
GAUS1
1.6
0.094
GAUS1
5
2.3
0.061
GAUS2
5.0
0.185
GAUS2
6
5.0
0.037
GAUS2
6.6
0.117
GAUS2
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.4 Frequency-Selective Fading Channel
Model
Typical Urban (TU)
Tab
Page  39
Bad Urban (BU)
Relative delay [us]
Average Power
Doppler Spectrum
Relative delay [us]
Average Power
Doppler Spectrum
1
0.0
0.092
Classic
0.0
0.033
Classic
2
0.1
0.115
Classic
0.1
0.089
Classic
3
0.3
0.231
Classic
0.3
0.141
Classic
4
0.5
0.127
Classic
0.7
0.194
GAUS1
5
0.8
0.115
GAUS1
1.6
0.114
GAUS1
6
1.1
0.074
GAUS1
2.2
0.052
GAUS2
7
1.3
0.046
GAUS1
3.1
0.035
GAUS2
8
1.7
0.074
GAUS1
5.0
0.140
GAUS2
9
2.3
0.051
GAUS2
6.0
0.136
GAUS2
10
3.1
0.032
GAUS2
7.2
0.041
GAUS2
11
3.2
0.018
GAUS2
8.1
0.019
GAUS2
12
5.0
0.025
GAUS2
10.0
0.006
GAUS2
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.4 Frequency-Selective Fading Channel
Model
Typical Rural Area (RA)
Tab
Page  40
Relative delay [us]
Average Power
Doppler Spectrum
1
0.0
0.602
RICE
2
0.1
0.241
Classic
3
0.2
0.096
Classic
4
0.3
0.036
Classic
5
0.4
0.018
Classic
6
0.5
0.006
Classic
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.4.1 Tapped Delay Line (TDL) Model
Page  41
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.4.2 Tap Adjustment
Page  42
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.4.2 Tap Adjustment
Page  43
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.5. SUI Channel Model
Page  44
Terrain Type
SUI Channels
A
SUI-5, SUI-6
B
SUI-3, SUI-4
C
SUI-1, SUI-2
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.5. SUI Channel Model
Page  45
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.5. SUI Channel Model
SUI 1/2/3/4/5/6 Channel
Delay
Power (omni ant.) [dB]
90% K-factor (omni)
75% K-factor (omni)
50% K-fact. (omni)
Power (30° ant.) [dB]
90% K-factor (30° ant.)
75% K-factor (30° ant.)
50% K-factor (30° ant.)
Doppler [Hz]
Antenna Correlation
Gain Reduction Factor
Normalization Factor
Terrain Type
Omni antenna:
Overall K
30° antenna:
Overall K :
Page  46
Tap 1
Tap 2
Tap 3
0/0/0/0/0/0
0/0/0/0/0/0
4/2/1/0/0/0
/1/0/0
-/-/-/-/2/1
0/0/0/0/0/0
/1/0/0
72/36/19/5/2
-/-/-/-/7/5
0.4/0.2/0.4/0.2/2/0.4
0.4/0.4/0.4/1.5/4/14
-15/-12/-5/-4/-5/-10
0/0/0/0/0/0
0/0/0/0/0/0
-/-/-/-/0/0
-21/-18/-11/-10/-11/-16
0/0/0/0/0/0
0/0/0/0/0/0
-/-/-/-/0/0
0.3/0.15/0.3/0.15/1.5/0.3
ENV  0.7 / 0.5/ 0.4/ 0.3/ 0.5/ 0.3
0.9/1.1/0.9/4/10/20
-20/-15/-10/-8/-10/-14
0/0/0/0/0/0
0/0/0/0/0/0
-/-/-/-/0/0
-32/ -27/ -22/ -20/ -22/-26
0/0/0/0/0/0
0/0/0/0/0/0
-/-/-/-/0/0
0.5/0.25/0.5/0.25/2.5/0.5
GRF  0/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 4/ 4dB
Fomni  0.1771/  0.3930 /  1.5113/  1.9218/  1.5113/ 0.5683dB
F30  0.0371/  0.0768/  0.3573/  0.4532 /  0.3573/  0.1184dB
C/C/B/B/A/A
  0.111/ 0.202/ 0.264/1.257 / 2.842/ 5.240s
K=3.3/16/0.5/0.2/0.1/0.1(90%)
K=10.4/5.1/1.6/0.6/0.3/0.3 (75%),
K=-/-/-/-/1.0/1.0 (50%)
  0.042/ 0.69/ 0.123/ 0.563/1.276/ 2.370s
K=14.0/6.9/2.2/1.0/0.4/0.4 (90%),
K=44.2/21.8/7.0/3.2/1.3/1.3 (75%),
K=-/-/-/-/4.2/4.2 (50%)
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.5. SUI Channel Model
Page  47
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.5. SUI Channel Model
Page  48
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.5. SUI Channel Model
Page  49
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd
2.2.5. SUI Channel Model
Page  50
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®
Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, and Chung G. Kang
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd