Developments of energy
statistics in the EU
Oslo Group meeting – Stockholm 2017
Marek Šturc
European Commission - Eurostat
Eurostat's mission: to be the leading provider of
high quality statistics on Europe.
key task: to provide the European Union with
statistics at European level that enable
comparisons between countries and regions
key roles: is to supply statistics to the Commission
and other European Institutions so they can define,
implement and analyse Community policies - main
role is to process and publish comparable statistical
information at European level
Eurostat
2
The European Statistical System
 Partnership between Eurostat and the national
statistical institutes (NSIs)
 … also includes the EEA and EFTA countries
 … and with candidate countries
 … and international organizations (ECB, OECD,
UN, IMF, World Bank)
Eurostat
3
General framework legislation
 Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on
European statistics
 Commission decision on Eurostat
(2012/504/EU)
4
Key data collections
on energy statistics
5
Annual energy data collections
5 annual energy questionnaires
Eurostat – OECD/IEA – UNECE
1. Coal (solid fossil fuels and manufactured gases)
2. Natural gas
3. Electricity and heat
4. Oil (crude oil and petroleum products)
5. Renewables (renewable energy sources and wastes)
6. Nuclear energy
7. Households (disaggregated final consumption)
Eurostat
6
Monthly energy statistics
7 monthly questionnaires
M-1: timeliness 1 month / 25 days
1. Natural gas
2. Electricity
3. Oil and petroleum products
M-2: timeliness 55 days
4. Oil and petroleum includes oil stocks
5. Natural gas
M-3: timeliness 3 months
6. Solid fuels
7. Electricity
Eurostat
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Energy Prices
 Electricity & Natural gas prices
 Semestrial data collection
 For households (residential) and non-household
(industrial) consumers
 Including disaggregated price data
 Quality reports - Price systems
 Competition indicators
Eurostat
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Recent developments in the EU:
 Energy union and its governance
 Regulation on energy statistics
 Regulation on energy prices (natural gas & electricity)
 Quality reports
 Data revision policy
 Data dissemination
Eurostat
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Energy union, its governance
and data needs
Eurostat
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Building the Energy Union
 The Energy Union strategy was launched in February
2015
 The strategy builds on the 2030 Framework for
Climate and Energy and the European Energy
Security Strategy
 July 2015: Commission proposes ‘new deal’ for
energy consumers, redesign of electricity market and
revision of energy label for more clarity
 July 2016: Commission presented a package of
measures to accelerate Europe’s transition to a lowcarbon economy
 November 2016: Commission proposes new rules for
consumer centred clean energy transition
11
Five mutually supportive
and interlinked dimensions
Energy security,
solidarity and
trust
Research,
innovation and
competitiveness
Decarbonisation
of the economy
A fully integrated
internal energy
market
Energy efficiency
12
Delivering the Energy Union
Integrated
energy and
climate
governance
Streamlined
planning,
monitoring
and reporting
obligations
Deepen
cooperation
between
countries,
improved data
intelligence
Annual
reporting to
the European
Parliament and
the Council
13
Monitoring of the Energy Union
Conclusions of the Council of the European Union
"Key indicators (…) will allow the assessment of
future progress towards meeting EU climate and
energy policy objectives and agreed EU targets.
(…)
The Commission will summarise and assess the
overall progress made at EU level in its annual
report on the State of the Energy Union;"
November 2015
14
Energy Union Governance
 Annual State of the Energy Union to assess
collective progress – November every year
 Integrated National Energy and Climate Plans
(2021 to 2030)
 A transparent
system
and
streamlined
monitoring
• Fitness check of planning, reporting, monitoring
• 110 reporting obligations for EU Member States and
the European Commission
• Remove reporting duplications
15
Data and indicators in
the State of the Energy Union reports
November 2015
 Member States' Energy Union Factsheets by country
 Working document on concept and first analysis of
key indicators
February 2017
 An update of key specific indicators to observe and
assess the progress that has been made in meeting
the Energy Union objectives
16
Energy Union indicators
Energy Security,
solidarity and
trust
Internal energy
market
Energy efficiency and
Decarbonisation of
moderation of
the economy
demand
Research,
innovation and
competitiveness
Import
dependency
Electricity
interconnection
capacity
Primary energy
consumption trends
Gap between
trends in GHG
emissions in the
non-ETS sector
and targets
Share of energy
and environment in
total public civil
R&D spending
Energy import
supplier
concentration
index
Market
concentration on
wholesale gas
and electricity
markets
Primary energy
intensity of the
economy
RES share in gross
final energy
consumption
Low-carbon
technologies
patents
N-1 rule - gas
infrastructure
Wholesale
electricity and
gas prices
Final energy intensity
in industry
GHG intensity of
the economy
Real unit energy
costs for
manufacturing
sector
Switching rates
on retail
electricity and
gas markets
Final energy
consumption per m2
in residential sector
Energy poverty
index
Average CO2
emissions from new
passenger cars
17 17
Eurostat’s involvement
 Eurostat needs to collect official
monitoring of the Energy Union
statistics
for
the
 Eurostat is expected to provide official statistics for the
indicators accompanying the annual State of the Energy
Union reports
 The Commission (DG Energy and Eurostat) started to
explore ways to improve the timeliness of available annual
data and related indicators
 Eurostat is currently developing a project on early
estimates of energy balances with the aim to provide
accurate official estimates of energy balances (simplified
or complete) within 6 months after the end of the year
18
Regulation on energy statistics
Eurostat
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Introduction
• Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 on energy statistics requires
regular updates (changing user needs, energy economy
evolution international methodology and practices, etc.).
• Adjustments already took place in 2010, 2013 and 2014
• The objective of current amendment is to follow on market
developments and obtain more relevant data (e.g.
renewables).
•
• In addition, the content of annexes was streamlined, so
Annex A contains definitions previously included in Annexes B
and C.
Eurostat
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Regulation on energy statistics
Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 22 October 2008 on energy statistics
Commission Regulation (EU) No 844/2010 of 20 September 2010 amending
Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
on energy statistics, as regards the establishment of a set of annual nuclear
statistics and the adaptation of the methodological references
according to NACE Rev. 2
Commission Regulation (EU) No 147/2013 of 13 February 2013 amending
Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
on energy statistics, as regards the implementation of updates for the
monthly and annual energy statistics
Commission Regulation (EU) No 431/2014 of 24 April 2014 amending
Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
on energy statistics, as regards the implementation of annual statistics on
energy consumption in households
Eurostat
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Energy statistics
Linked legislation
Eurostat
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Other legal acts
Council Directive 2009/119/EC imposing an obligation on Member
States to maintain minimum stocks of crude oil and/or petroleum
products
Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency
Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from
renewable sources
Eurostat
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Renewables – SHARES tool
SHort Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources
• Article 5(7) of Directive 2009/28/EC requires consistency
with Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008
• Eurostat developed SHARES tool to encourage the use of
harmonized calculation methodology, respecting all
calculation provisions of Directive 2009/28/EC
• SHARES tool results also allow DG Energy to verify the
consistency of transmitted national Progress reports with
the official energy statistics
SHARES tool is voluntary. In case SHARES tool is not
transmitted by EU Member State, Eurostat makes estimates
based on data transmitted in the framework of Regulation
(EC) No 1099/2008 on energy statistics.
Eurostat
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Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency
• Some data transmitted in the framework of Regulation (EC)
No 1099/2008 on energy statistics are also used for
analysis of progress in energy efficiency
• The European Commission (Eurostat and DG Energy) is
now developing new questionnaire for reporting CHP data
(combined heat and power generation) as required by the
Directive 2012/27/EU and including some additional items
to be reported
Eurostat
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Looking ahead …
• Some activities could influence
further updates in the future:
Commission's proposal on Governance of the Energy Union
Indicators of Europe 2020 and 2030 targets
Further disaggregation of final energy consumption
Review of the oil stocks directive
Improvements in timeliness/punctuality due to the new
energy information system
 Long term strategy for energy statistics in Europe
 Assessment of relevance of existing data collections in light
of all developments





Additional thoughts, ideas and comments will be collected
Eurostat
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Prices
Electricity & Natural gas
Eurostat
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Publication in the
Official Journal of the EU
17 November 2016
Eurostat
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Main changes
 Reporting for the household sector is legally binding
 Sub-components on taxes and network components (also for
natural gas)
 Reporting of price data for the consumption bands for very large
industrial consumers is mandatory
 Reporting deadline from 2 → 3 months after the reference period
 Reporting of price systems from annual → every 3 years (quality
report)
Eurostat
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Implementing acts
1. Implementing act on format and arrangements
for data transmission
2. Implementing act on the requirements and the
structure of a quality report
3. Implementing act on granting of derogations
Eurostat
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Implementing act on format and
arrangements for data transmission
• 4 dedicated questionnaires in MS Excel format
but with SDMX converter option – SDMX-csv
• Edamis single entry point
Eurostat
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Implementing act on the requirements and
the structure of a quality report
• Quality report to be provided every 3 years
• Quality report replaces "price systems" that had
to be provided on an annual basis
• First report covering 2018 to be sent in
September 2019
Eurostat
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Compilers guide
• With examples from 5 countries how data
collection and compilation is done
• With frequently asked questions and answers
Eurostat
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Quality reports
Eurostat
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Legal basis
• Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 on
energy
statistics,
article
6
paragraphs 4 and 5.
Eurostat
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Quality criteria
Quality dimensions:
• relevance
• accuracy
• timeliness
• punctuality
• accessibility and clarity
• comparability
• coherence
Eurostat
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BACKGROUND
Date
2010 - 2013
June 2014
November
2014
December
2014
June 2015
December
2015
Event
Conduction of the first quality reporting cycle in EU
energy statistics
Eurostat presented the first quality report at the ESWG
meeting
Eurostat presented a first draft of the template for the
second quality report
Comments received by countries on the
Eurostat presented the re-worked modified template for
approval in the meeting of the ESWG. The template was
approved
Eurostat launched the second quality reporting cycle –
deadline on 15 June 2016
Eurostat
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SECOND QUALITY REPORT
ON EU ENERGY STATISTICS
• Contains summarised information as regards the
second on quality reporting cycle in the field of
energy statistics in the EU.
• Uses information included in the quality reports sent
to Eurostat in 2016 by EU 28 Member States plus
Norway and Turkey.
• Other sources that have been consulted are
metadata information, national websites of the
individual countries and data from the public free
data sets maintained by Eurostat.
Eurostat
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Quality components analysed in the report
RELEVANCE
• The users (actions at national level, actions at
Eurostat level and use of Eurostat energy data)
• Completeness
(energy
data
against
employment data and energy data against
gross value added data)
• Confidentiality
Eurostat
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Quality components analysed in the report
ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY
Sampling errors
Non-sampling errors
Statistical difference in annual energy balances
Analysis of the long-term variation of stock
changes
• Data revision
•
•
•
•
Eurostat
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Quality components analysed in the report
TIMELINESS AND PUNCTUALITY
• Timeliness
• Punctuality
ACCESSIBILITY AND CLARITY
• Documentation on methodology
• Metadata
Eurostat
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Quality components analysed in the report
COMPARABILITY AND COHERENCE
• Coherence – cross domain
• Separate domains in the European Commission
• Other data sources
•
•
•
•
Coherence – sub-annual versus annual
Coherence – internal consistency
Comparability – geographical
Comparability – over time
Eurostat
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SUMMARY TABLE
Eurostat
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Summary table
• 530 green happy smileys (65% of the total)
• 112 black neutral smileys (14%)
• 99 red sad smileys (12%)
• 69 cells remained blank (9%).
Eurostat
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Recommendations (for Eurostat)
• Carry out a more detailed evaluation of
completeness of the statistical comparing with
Regulation (EC) 1099/2008
• Publish the information received in national
quality reports in the form of metadata.
• Provide more metadata under annual energy
statistics, in particular for imports and
exports.
• Asses periodically the use of administrative
sources in energy statistics.
Eurostat
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Recommendations (for Eurostat)
• Implement quantitative evaluation of the
accuracy (confidence intervals) of gross inland
consumption, energy available for final
consumption and final energy consumption at
EU level for the next quality reporting cycle.
• Create clear instructions/procedures on the
validation checks that are to be carried out at
each level (countries and Eurostat, as defined
by the ESS policy on shared-validation).
Eurostat
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Recommendations (for countries)
• Complete missing information (e.g. as regards
the characterisation of the national surveys)
when the national quality reports are made
available as metadata (30 days deadline).
• For countries who have not yet done it, develop a
revision policy as much consistent as possible
with the one adopted at European level.
Eurostat
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Recommendations (for countries)
• For
countries
for
which
information
on
quality/methodology or metadata is not available,
start developing such systems in order to
improve the clarity of their energy statistics
• Investigate cases with a red smiley evaluation
• For the next quality reporting cycle in 5 years,
move towards a better quantitative evaluation of
the accuracy of the main balance aggregates.
Eurostat
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Data revision policy
Eurostat
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Revision Policy for energy statistics
•
•
2014-2015: Discussion and adoption of a
Revision Policy for energy statistics for all
reporting countries on gentlemen’s basis
2016-2017:
First
experience
from
the
implementation of the Revision policy
After several discussion rounds and modifications
to the original text, the ESWG approved a
revision policy which requires the transmission of
a pre-announcement form in certain cases.
Eurostat
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Data dissemination
additional information is included in
the presentation for session 4
Eurostat
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Release calendar
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data
52
53
Online data dissemination
STATISTICS EXPLAINED
DATABASE
54
Eurostat's Sankey diagrams
(Energy flow charts)
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/sankey/sankey.html
55
Total number of database views
ANNUAL DATASETS
MONTHLY DATASETS
Eurostat
PRICES
Jan-17
Jul-16
Jan-16
Jul-15
Jan-15
Jul-14
Jan-14
Jul-13
Jan-13
Jul-12
Jan-12
Jul-11
Jan-11
50 000
45 000
40 000
35 000
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
HDD
56
Total database views by type and access point
HDD
2%
Internal
4%
Prices
31%
Monthly
13%
Annual
54%
External
96%
Eurostat
57
10 most viewed databases in 2016
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
40 000
Supply, transformation and consumption of renewable energies
Simplified energy balances
Supply, transformation and consumption of electricity
Electricity prices for domestic consumers
Electricity prices for industrial consumers
Complete energy balances
Gas prices for industrial consumers
Gas prices for domestic consumers
Supply of electricity
Share of energy from renewable sources
annual data
prices
Eurostat
monthly data
58
Total number of downloads per document
0
ENERGY-BALANCES-2015edition.zip
SUMMARY-RESULTS-SHARES-2014.xlsx
Energy-Balances-June2016edition.zip
SHARES-2013-RESULTS.xlsx
Electricity-prices-Price-systems-2014.pdf
RAMON-CODED-ENERGY-20150212.pdf
Energy-Data-Formulas.xlsx
ENERGY-BALANCES-(January-2016-edition).zip
ETA_time_series.xlsx
THE-FUTURE-OF-ENERGY-STATISTICS-2014.pdf
CHP data 2005-2014
SHARES-2013-manual.pdf
SHARES-2014-detailed-results.zip
SHARES2014manual.pdf
Gas-prices-Price-systems-2014.pdf
PriceSystemsElectricity.doc
SHARES-2013-detailed-results.zip
HDD-2013.xlsx
Energy-Balances-January-2017-edition.zip
ENERGY-STATISTICS-METHODOLOGY-1998.pdf
MethodCO2.pdf
The_average_share_of_electricity_from_RES-2004-2014.pdf
average-share-electricity-from-renewable-energy-sources-2004-2013.pdf
Average-share-electricity-from-RES-2004-2012.pdf
Eurostat
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
59
There have been
286 686
visits to the Energy Statistics
Explained articles in 2016
• Most notably:
54 081 visits
2. Energy production and imports
38 539 visits
3. Consumption of energy
35 255 visits
4. Electricity production, consumption and market overview 30 533 visits
5. Electricity price statistics
30 137 visits
• 1. Renewable energy statistics
•
•
•
•
Eurostat
60
2016 Press/News releases
Eurostat
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Currently ongoing development
projects and activities in Eurostat
 Reporting of CHP in the new template
 Disaggregation of energy statistics in the industry
 Early estimates of energy balances
 Disaggregation of energy statistics in the services
and transport
 Further improvements of our data dissemination
 Update of IT system for energy statistics
 Data validation (session 6)
Eurostat
62
Thank you for your attention!
[email protected]
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
ANNEX – Energy Union
2030 Framework for Climate and Energy
Headline targets
2020
2030
-20 %
Greenhouse
Gas Emissions
20%
Renewable
Energy
 - 40 %
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
27 %
Renewable
Energy
20 %
Energy
Efficiency
10 %
Interconnection
 27%*
Energy
Efficiency
15 %
Interconnection
* To be reviewed by
2020, having in mind
an EU level of 30%
65
1. Supply security
•
•
•
•
•
66
Security of gas supply
LNG and storage strategy
Alternative suppliers: Southern Gas Corridor and Mediterranean
Intergovernmental agreements
EU Energy and climate policy diplomacy
Eurostat
2. A fully-integrated internal energy market
•
•
•
•
•
•
67
Major infrastructure projects (PCIs)
Energy Infrastructure Forum
European electricity market design
Regional cooperation
Energy prices and costs
Vulnerable consumers
Eurostat
3. Energy efficiency
•
•
•
•
•
68
Energy Efficiency Directive
European performance of buildings directive
Energy Labelling Regulation & Ecodesign Directive
Strengthened financial instruments
Heating and Cooling Strategy
Eurostat
4. Decarbonisation of the economy
69
•
•
•
Achieve at least 40% GHG reduction target
•
Alternative fuels and clean vehicles
Renewable energy package
Road transport package
Eurostat
5. Research, innovation and
competitiveness
•
Developing EU leadership in low carbon technologies
•
•
Reducing energy consumption
•
Creating industrial opportunities and boosting jobs
•
•
Integrated SET Plan
Empowering consumers
Strategic transport research and innovation R&I agenda
70 T Plan
Eurostat