Prokaryotic Cells Kingdom Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia eukaryotic Protista prokaryotic Monera Kingdom Protista • Eukaryotic • Mostly unicellular • A very heterogeneous group include both heterotrophic and photoautotrophic forms • 11 phyla • Lots of disagreements • Whittaker = “leftovers” Reproduction: • binary fission splits into two asexually • multiple fission producing more than two individuals • sexually by conjugation (opposite mating strains join & exchange genetic material) Kingdom Protista 3 informal groups Animal-like protists Fungus-like protists Plant-like (algal) protists Misleading: some change ~ 45,000 species Animal-like Protists Amoeba Cilliates Flagellates 13,000 species Animal-like Protists • Classified by the way they move cilia flagella pseudopodia • Heterotrophs ingest small food particles & digest it inside food vacuoles containing digestive enzymes Animal-like protists • Sarcomastigophora (amoebas, forams, radiolarian) • Ciliophora (paramecium) • Zoomastigophora (trypansoma) • Apicocomplexa (Sporozoa) Note: glass projections Paramecium Animal-like Protists Phylum Zoomastigophora (“zooflagellates”) Move using flagella:1 to thousands of flagella Some parasites • African trypanosomiasis – sleeping sickness – tsetse fly • Chagas Disease – kissing bug • Leishmaniasis – sand fly • giardiasis Vaccines? change protein coat! Gave rise to animals? 1,500 species African sleeping sickness Tsetse fly Trypansoma The Kissing Bug Chagas disease Leishmaniasis Sand fly Malaria Mosquito & “victim” Anopheles Mosquito Africa = kills 1 million children per year Thousands of sporozoites injected Vaccine? (US support?) Plasmodium sporozoite gameteocyte
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