1. Competitive exclusion
A. Harmless viceroy butterfly looks like a Monarch butterfly
2. Predation/Prey
B. 1 species drives another to extinction due to niche similarity
3. Herbivory
C. Skunks have fur that says ‘stay away’
4. Parasitism
D. Cuckoo bee and yellow jackets benefit from similar
appearance
5. Commensalism
E. Plants have evolved thorns and chemical defenses against this
6. Mutualism
F. Chameleons
7. Batesian mimicry
G. Flatworms in your intestinal tract
8. Muellian mimicry
H. E. coli in your intestinal tract
9. Camouflage
10. Aposematic coloration
I. Their populations are inter-related if the numbers of one go
down, the others follow
J. Orchids growing in the branches of larger trees
1. Identify the primary producer in this web. Name two top predators. Give examples for two
organisms that would consume the detritus. Calculate the amount of carbon lost from the krill due to
respiration. What percentage of the krill’s consumed carbon is this? Describe why the level of energy
transfer is low from each level of the food chain to the next.
1.
Explain why secondary succession might occur more quickly than primary succession. Justify your
answer with two reasons.
2. Describe two mechanisms for how the community changes during succession according to the
diagram above. One of these should describe the biotic changes while the other describes the abiotic
changes.
1. The gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is calculated to be 35,000 kcal/day. Predict the
amount that would be considered net primary productivity for that ecosystem.
a. 50,000 kcal/day
b. 35,000 kcal/day
c. 17,000 kcal/day
d. 100 kcal/day
2. Owls eat rats, mice and small birds. Assume that, over a period of time, an owl consumes 5000 J of
energy. The owl loses 2300 J in feces and owl pellets and uses 2500 J for cellular respiration. What is its
production efficiency?
a. 0.02 %
b. 0.2 %
c. 4%
d. 40 %
3. The primary producers in an ecosystem are eliminated due to clear-cutting and weed killer
application. Predict the effects on each of these and justify your answer:
Herbivore population
Food chain stability
Soil nutrient levels
1. All of these increase CO2 in the atmosphere EXCEPT:
a. Photosynthesis
b. Slash and burn clearing of the rainforest
c. burning fossil fuels
d. Respiration
2. Biodiversity is a key concept in biology. Using examples, explain how biodiversity affects human
populations. Give one example of a human action that limits biodiversity.