1|Page
Table of Contents
Executive Summary:................................................................................................................................ 3
Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................................. 4
Background: ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Project brief: ........................................................................................................................................... 7
Objective: ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Pilot Project Location: ............................................................................................................................. 8
Baseline situation of the Slum: ............................................................................................................... 9
Methodology:........................................................................................................................................ 10
Economical Instrument and post implementation feedback: .............................................................. 10
Benefits: ................................................................................................................................................ 11
1.
Energy Conservation: Reduction of electrical misuse:.............................................................. 11
2.
Environmental Benefits: Carbon emission reduction ............................................................... 12
3.
Economical Benefits: ................................................................................................................. 13
4.
a.
Reduction in electricity bill and related cost: ....................................................................... 13
b.
Helps generate an additional income: .................................................................................. 14
Social Benefits ........................................................................................................................... 15
CASE STUDY # 1 ............................................................................................................................. 15
CASE STUDY # 2 ............................................................................................................................. 16
5.
Other Benefits: .......................................................................................................................... 17
Social acceptance: ................................................................................................................................. 18
Challenges: ............................................................................................................................................ 19
Youth Empowerment: ........................................................................................................................... 20
Recommendations: ............................................................................................................................... 22
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Executive Summary:
The project report, Solar Bottle Light “Botol Bati”: Energy Efficiency Improvement of
Baonea-Badh Slum provides quantitative and comprehensive view of energy conservation
and socio-economic development of Baonea-badh slum, Dhaka through introducing simple
and community adaptable ideas which has established a baseline concept of energy
efficiency from the grassroots and a new arena of research.
With the support and guidance of GIZ (German Development Co-operation), CHANGE a
youth led development organization implemented the whole five months project of Solar
Bottle Light from April to August, 2013 to improve the energy efficiency of the Baonea-badh
slum of Mirpur, Dhaka to identify the demand of daytime lighting and its necessity for
development.
This research has been conducted very systematically from baseline survey to regular
monitoring, post project implementation survey with intensive guidance of GIZ. The most
fascinating part is, the whole project has been developed, implemented, monitored and
researched by a group of highly skilled and dedicated young volunteers those who are from
different educational institutions and backgrounds. I think it has also strengthen and proven
the professionalism of the youths in development. Volunteerism and the youth force could
be a very precious resource for development projects which could minimize a lot of
resources and create a bigger impact in the society with small and limited financial supports.
This project has also linked the intergenerational bonding between the young professionals
and the specialists which is a significant and effective step towards practical leadership
development.
I strongly believe this report will create a new horizon of think tank for grassroots energy
efficiency, which will play an important role for the urban management by addressing the
slum problems. This report will also help other NGOs and the government to work further in
slum and energy sector for practical sustainable development.
Sajid Iqbal
Founder
CHANGE
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.change.org.bd
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Acknowledgement
The research would not have been accomplished without assistance and support of several
individuals as well as institutions, during the time of study. Thus the editor would like to
acknowledge their contributions.
First of all, the editor is indebted to GIZ (German Development Co-operation) for providing
financial, technical and moral support to conduct and implement the study at Baonea-badh
Slum, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Special regards to Mr. Jan Hendrik Sohlemann and Mr.
Mohammad Roqibul Islam for their continuous guidance, advice and supports.
Most importantly, the editor expresses his sincere gratitude to Sayd Zulker Nine;
Jahangirnagar University, Hasib Al Farabi & Mushfiq Alam Arko; Bangladesh University of
Professionals, Minhaz Farid Ahmed, Arnila Guha, Ahmed Shafa Shovon and Atifa Amina of
North South University for their contribution to this research.
Also, the mentorship of Ms. Rokia Afzal Rahman, Former Advisor to the Caretaker Govt. of
People’s Republic of Bangladesh and Dr. Shaikh Tanveer Hossain, Advisor of FVDB will be
always remembered and appreciated, who were involved from the very beginning of the
project.
Finally, the whole research paper is devoted to the socio-economic development of the
slum dwellers. The findings of the study hopefully will draw some public attention on the
importance of energy efficiency at the grassroots level to meet energy crisis.
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Solar Bottle Light: Improving the Energy Efficiency of Baonea-badh Slum
Edited by
Sajid Iqbal; Founder, CHANGE
Background:
Bangladesh is the eight largest populous country of the world with a population of 154.7
millions (BBS, 2011). In a survey carried out by the United Nations Organization in 1987
identified Dhaka, as a mega city and now Dhaka is experiencing a period of cramped
population growth and migrants are mainly responsible for this high growth rate. Presently
the city houses more than 15 million people in a very small area (IRIN, Report, 2013).
According to another report, between 300,000 and 400,000 new migrants arrive each year in
search of a better life, placing additional strain on already stretched services of Dhaka city (IRIN,
Reports, 2012). The population of Dhaka city doubles in every 11 years whereas it takes 25
years to double the population of the whole country (Democracywatch, 2002). This influx of
people to the capital city has forced many low-income groups, i.e. about 50 percent of
households having an income below the poverty level of BDT 5,000 per month (The Daily
Star, 2009). Moreover, all major urban centres of Bangladesh have slums and squatter
settlements, the largest concentrations being in Dhaka, followed by Chittagong, Khulna and
Rajshahi which are also severely suffering from energy crisis and other utility services.
Dhaka comprises 34 percent of the overall national urban population and it has been
growing very rapidly over the last five decades due to rural-urban migration and
urbanization. The first significant survey of the slums and squatter population in Dhaka was
conducted by the Centre for Urban Studies (CUS) in 1974 at the behest of the Government
of Bangladesh and UNCHS. The slum population (individual) found in that survey was
275,000. Another survey was conducted by CUS in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area (DMA) in
1991 for ICDDRB recovered a slum population of 718,143 in some 2,156 slum and squatter
clusters. CUS conducted yet another survey in 1996 in the same area (the DMA) for the
Asian Development Bank found the total slum population to be 1.5 million in 3,007 clusters
(The Daily Star, 2009). Presently researchers estimated that around 3.5 million people lives
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in 5000 Dhaka’s Slums (IRIN, Report, 2013). Every day we observe the influx of hundreds of
new people in the city of Dhaka.
No doubt, the development of Bangladesh has been seriously hampered by the energy
crisis. Many industries have been turned off due to the crisis of electricity. Even, new
electrical connections have been resumed to the new industries and households but the
existing are severely suffering from the energy shortage. At present, the total electricity
production of Bangladesh is 5000 to 5800 MW whereas the demand is 7518 MW in peak
hours (Finance Division, 2012). In 2010, electricity production was 4020 MW which was
lacking 1500- 1800 MW as per demand at peak hour (The Ministry of Finance, 2010).
Though, till now gas is the prime source of electricity generation in Bangladesh, yet as a nonrenewable energy gas reserve is limited here. According to the (Muller, 2009) gas will be
exhausted by 2019 and coal would be last till 2040. Therefore, we need alternative energy
sources and more focus on energy improvement. In this regard bottle light could be an
effective alternative solution which could reduce the current consumption of electricity
from daytime lighting sector and improve the energy efficiency of the slums. Because of the
congested rooms of the slums, sunlight hardly enters. As a result, slum dwellers opt to use
100W or more powerful bulbs more than ten hours a day by illegal electricity line (khan,
2012). Almost 90 percent electricity connections of the slums are illegal (Cameron, 2010). In
this regard, slum dwellers are misusing electricity in a large volume. This kind of system loss
is a significant cause for load shedding.
Everyday Dhaka is facing frequent load shedding for 3 to 4 hours a day which is severely
hampering the normal city life. Solar Bottle light could be the best solution to reduce this
huge daytime misuse of electricity from slum households. Also, this technology could be the
cheapest source of daylight for the poor in urban and rural areas. This light has been widely
used in the Philippines and in other countries (Zobel, 2013). It is not only suitable for
Bangladesh even it might be applicable for South Asian and African region. From the present
research, in the context of Bangladesh this technology is expected to be a good option to
ensure proper day time lighting facility for the poor, in the same time reduces daytime
misuse of electricity as well as CO2 emission (UNFCCC, 2011).
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Project brief:
Light is one of the most essential human needs. When it comes to illumination, people
logically demand light for the night time. Day time lighting is usually covered sufficiently by
the sun light but in the slums the situation is different.
In densely populated areas like slums and even some rural areas, household often lack
windows or light passages. As a result, these households remain dark or very poorly lit even
during sunny days, resulting in an unnecessary energy demand. This demand can be
efficiently met by something way cheaper and simpler by solar PV system- plastic bottles or
solar bottle light.
Diagram 1: Solar bottle light diagram
Solar bottles are simple and low cost devices developed by the Massachusetts institute of
technology (MIT). They can be built of scrap tin- roof tiles and empty plastic bottle filled
with water. The construction is then integrated into the roof and sealed with water proof
glue. Through light refraction the sunlight is then channeled in to the huts (Zobel, 2013).
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Objective:
The main objective of the five months pilot project (April-August, 2013) is to introduce the
very new solar bottle light technology in Baonea-badh slum area, Dhaka, Bangladesh to
create its demand & social acceptance, and identify its impacts scientifically to understand
its further prospect.
This project will not only reduce the misuse of electricity from daytime lighting sector but
also CO2 emission significantly by ensuring proper daytime lighting facility for the
underprivileged people.
Also we have tried to identify the socio-economic benefits and the limitations & problems of
the bottle light for further development and understanding.
Pilot Project Location:
The project implementation focused area is at Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh; locally known as
Baonea-badh slum area. Approximately 800 to 900 slum households are scattered in the
area.
Photo 1: Project focused area at Baonea-badh Slum, Mirpur, Dhaka
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Baseline situation of the Slum:
Baonea-badh slum is a newly grown slum of Mirpur, Dhaka which houses 800 to 900 families
where the household size is 3.8 persons. From our baseline survey it has been observed that
almost all of the households use illegal electricity lines where per household electric bulbs
are 1.32 pieces which run continuously more than 10 hours the whole day. It is observed
that the acceptance of new technology is higher the previous Muslim camp slum of Mirpur
because of the social issues. This slum is friendlier; education rate is very impressive and
income rate is also higher the other slums. Various garages, scrap shops, cottage business,
development schools, Madrasas and small shops are situated in the slum. From the preplanned awareness and marketing campaigns it has been observed that the people of this
slum are very interested on new technologies, positive and responsible. These are the
reasons 83.3% (N=250) population reduced using electric bulbs at day time after installing
solar bottle light.
Photo 2: Baonea-badh Slum, Mirpur, Dhaka
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Methodology:
To analyze the impact of the project, data has been collected in two phases. Before starting
the project on April 2013, baseline data has been collected from random 70 households
from the focused project area. Onwards, after installing bottle lights in 250 households, data
has been collected randomly covering 30% of the whole population (N=250) through survey
on July 2013. Interviews have been taken randomly from the users throughout the whole
installation and monitoring period from April to August, 2013. SPSS Statistics 17.0 and
Microsoft Excel have been used to perform the statistical analysis and graphical
presentations. Secondary data has been collected from reports, news paper articles and
other publications.
Economical Instrument and post implementation feedback:
To make the whole project economically feasible, we tried to establish a social business
model to provide the light service to the slum dwellers. Initially we have charged only 30
taka for every installation where the material cost of each bottle light was 200 taka. 170
taka has been subsidized from the project fund. But eventually, the demand of the solar
bottle light has been increased in the slum and now people are willing to pay 50 taka for
new installations. Post project feedback is very positive. Various new Solar Bottle Lights has been
installed after the project’s completion. Five months pilot and the campaigns have created huge
demand of the light in the community. A rickshaw garage has also bought two solar bottles light
each for 200 taka. Mamun has installed 10 more solar bottle lights after the completion of
the pilot project.
Right now we are trying to reduce the material cost of the solar bottle lights, so that we can
spread out the initiative more in a business way rather than depending on subsidies. Almost
two third of the material cost is allocated for silicon glue which is used for sealing the edges.
If we can develop or find out any cheap substitute of silicon glue then we can easily cover
the whole cost from the users.
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60
100
50
80
40
60
30
40
20
20
10
0
Price (BDT)
Bottle Light In sTallation
120
0
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Month
Installation
Price (BDT)
Figure 1: Increasing price with demand
Benefits:
Throughout the whole study period various benefits of bottle light has been observed which
has been justified scientifically through facts and figures. It’s remarkable that a plastic bottle
could have multidimensional benefits for the user, society, national and global community.
1. Energy Conservation: Reduction of electrical misuse:
From the baseline survey it has been found that each and every household of Baonea-badh
slum uses 1.32 pieces of 100w electric bulbs with illegal electricity lines. Almost all
households uses the electrical bulb continuously more than seventeen hours a day both for
daytime & nigh time lighting purpose from 6 am up to 11 pm. But after installing the bottle
lights, it has been observed that electricity misuse from daytime lighting has been
significantly reduced to 83.3% (N=250).
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Calculation:
Bottle installed= 250 households
Estimated reduction time= 10 hours (from 7 am to 4 pm)
Actual reduction is from 83.3% households e.i. 208 out of 250 households (From survey we
have found that 16.7% people still uses electric bulbs)
So,
Electricity reduction from each households= 1.32 bulb (100w) X 10 hours = 1.32 kW
Electricity use reduced from 208 households per day = 208 x 1.32 kW
=274.56 kW/per day
Per month this project is reduce= 274.56 kW/ per day X 30 days
= 8,236.8 kW/ 1000
= 8.24 MW/ per month
According to the estimation the project is going to save approximately 98.84 MW electricity
per year through energy efficiency improvement, contributing a huge amount of energy to
the national grid.
2. Environmental Benefits: Carbon emission reduction
CO2 is one of the culprit green house gasses causing global warming which is linearly
increasing from the industrial revolution. The project of Baonea-badh is reducing 8.24 MW
of electricity monthly which is simultaneously reducing CO2 emission. For the case of
Bangladesh, per KWH electricity generation emits 513 grams CO2 (IEA, 2012).
Calculation:
Per kWh emits= 513 grams of CO2
So,
Monthly reduction of CO2 emission= 8,236.8 kW X 513 grams
= (424148 grams/1000) kg
= 424.15 kg
Yearly the reduction is estimated to be= 424.15 kg X 12 month
= (5089.8 kg /1000) metric tons
= 5.08 metric tons
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3. Economical Benefits:
a. Reduction in electricity bill and related cost:
Slum dwellers who own small businesses are
being benefitted from the solar bottle lights
as many of them rely on electric bulbs even
during daytime. By installing solar bottle
light they do not have to depend on electric
bulbs to light up their workplace. This helps
them reduce usage of electric bulb for about
10 hours a day on an average, hence saving
that much electricity bill as well. On an
interview with a rickshaw garage owner
Liton we found that after installation of
solar bottle light he now saves around 200300 taka per month from electric bill, which
is a significant amount for these slum
people. “During daytime, I used to use
electric bulbs in my garage but after
installing Botol Bati, it is enough. Besides
Photo 4: Solar Bottle light in the Rickshaw Garage
getting sufficient light, I also save a good
amount of money.” He added, “My electricity bill came down to 700-800 taka per month
whereas I used to pay 900-1000 taka. This saving thus helps me to support my family.”
He also said, “load-shedding is not a problem anymore as I can continue working with this
new intervention.” He also said that earlier bulbs got fused very frequent because of
continuous usage, resulting extra cost for replacing. But now the life span of bulbs also
increased. He requested to continue lighting up the rooms of the underprivileged.
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b. Helps generate an additional income:
When the sun is at its peak, the light is also very intense. Few users claimed that they were
unable to sleep or rest for the high intensity of light. A bottle cover was introduced for those
users which actually worked as a solution. The bottle covers were made of black cloth with
elastic on the edge which sticks to the bottle light and thus reduces the amount of light.
People put this cover on the solar bottle light whenever they do not require light. Local
people were trained to prepare the covers, which helped them with an additional income
besides their basic earning. Md. Hamidul Islam is one of them who is a rickshaw puller by
profession but also makes bottle covers in his spare time adding 500 taka for per 25 bottle
covers. Eventually the increasing demand of solar Botol Bati, increases Hamidul‘s additional
income.
Photo 5: Hamidul preparing solar bottle light covers
Happy Hamidul said, “I earn my living as a rickshaw puller and the additional income of the
covers is a great support for my family.”
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4. Social Benefits
Due to the jam-packed settlements, the people of Baonea-badh slum cannot get hold of
collective benefits. Their houses are congested and clammy due to unavailability of light.
Though electric bulb is used in most of the houses, the crisis of electricity has made their
accessible to light very complicated. The locals complained that insufficiency of daytime
lighting is a serious barrier, as it affects their household work as well as their occupation.
Children face difficulties while studying followed by decrease in sight. Moreover, people are
also troubled when there is no light in the washroom. Their opinion has showed its
acceptance.
CASE STUDY # 1
Anowara, a middle-aged woman lives with her husband and two children in the congested
slum of Baonea-badh, located at Mirpur. The place
where she lives cannot even be called a house. It is
located deep inside the slum through a narrow alley
surrounded by many rooms. It is just a dark shack,
where light cannot enter. The life which her family
is living is very distressing. For light, her family used
to use a 100 watt bulb from the local electricity line.
But the crisis of electricity has made their life even
worse. Anowara earns her living by doing
embroidery work at home. Due to load-shedding
she stops her work and sits idle. She claimed “I
cannot work, when the electricity goes off. Neither
it becomes awfully difficult to work nor do I get to
do other domestic work.” Her two school going
Photo 6: Solar Bottle Light makes Anowara's
life easier
children also face difficulties while studying with inadequate light. Because of insufficient
daytime light, the dampness of the house increases. When solar bottle light was introduced
and installed in her house, problems were solved simply. The ominous, gloomy house was
filled with light and now she could do her work spontaneously without any disturbances.
With zeal she mentioned, she could now keep her house clean and provide a damp free
15 | P a g e
environment for her family. Solar bottle light has enlightened her house and made her life
uncomplicated. She concluded, “When we see youths are coming forward helping us, we
still find hopes for a better life.”
CASE STUDY # 2
“Once I slipped and fell in my bathroom, due to inadequate light,” claimed Ali, a man who
has been struggling for his living, after moving to the city. Jahir Ali has come to Dhaka in
search of jobs in the informal sector and settled himself in the slum area of Baonea-badh.
He lives here alone as he cannot afford to bring his family from village. His room had access
to some amount of light comparable to that of his bathroom. He complained that lavatory is
very vital, but severe problem rises if there is inadequate light. He shared one of his
experiences about not having proper light in his
bathroom, “It was around 2 in the afternoon,
when I returned from work. I rushed into the
pitching dark bathroom and slipped off, nearly
hurt my head. Thank God, I could hold my head
up, or else I would have been injured severely.”
However, he mounted an electric bulb in his
bathroom, but the load-shedding trouble did not
make much difference. Fortunately, after few
days of his mishap, he came to know about the
solar bottle light project from his neighbors and
thought of installing one in his bathroom. After
knowing the method of installation of bottle
light, with the help of the members of Change he
had it set up in his bathroom. “I couldn’t believe Photo 7: Solar bottle light installed in the toilet
my eyes, when I saw my bathroom was filled with light” stated Ali. He was surprised with
this new technology. He immediately decided to set up another bottle light in his room as
well. He also said “Now I have enough light for my lavatory. I never thought this sort of
techniques exists.” People like Ali, now know how they can make maximize utilization of
solar energy and get light during daytime and contribute a little help to the crisis of the
energy sector in the country.
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5. Other Benefits:
It has been observed that, Solar bottle light has a few indirect benefits along with the
conventional benefits. Bottle light proved to be beneficial in ways such as keeping the room
temperature low during day time and the reducing the amount of insects and mosquitoes
inside the room.
Solar light keeps the room temperature lower compared to the bulbs that were previously
used as it does not emit any extra amount of heat inside the room. The use of incandescent
bulbs increases the room temperature up to 1.5 degrees. Bottle light hence helps to keep a
constant room temperature during day time.
“I have been living here for about a year now and I have been using regular bulbs to light up
my room during day time before I started using bottle light. I started using bottle light for
the last couple of months and noticed that my room is much cooler than it used to be. I feel
that my room is much more comfortable during day time since the use of bottle light” said
Mamun.
Along with keeping the room temperature constant, bottle light also help to reduce the
amount of insects and mosquitoes inside the room during day time. The presence of
sunlight prevents any kind of insect breeding. Therefore bottle light creates a better and
healthier atmosphere for users.
“My name is Fatema Begum and I have installed bottle light in my room. I feel that my room
is much cooler during day time than before. I also feel that my room has fewer mosquitoes
since the installation. Before, there were more mosquitoes and insects inside the room. But
now I can feel a significant reduction in the amount of their disturbance.”
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Social acceptance:
Social acceptance is a very important issue while introducing a new concept in the society. It
depends on norms, culture, religion, economical condition, education and many other
factors. To create the demand of bottle light regular door to door based marketing
campaign has been conducted through distributing 700 leaflets throughout the whole
project period. It has been observed that the campaign significantly increased the social
acceptance and demand of the bottle light in the community within a short period of time.
45
40
35
Frequency
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Segments of 10 Days
Frequency of Installation
Frequency of Campaign
Figure 2: Relationship between the Campaign Frequency and the Demand
Initially, the entire concept of bottle light was unknown to the slum dwellers. Keeping this in
mind, the marketing campaign was initiated about 10 days before the installation process to
create the initial demand. The graph illustrates that over time, the number of installation of
bottle light increased. This is due to the cumulative effect of the continuous door to door
based marketing campaign. Over time, the frequency of campaigns decreased but on
average the installation number was up to the target. The decreasing trend of bottle
18 | P a g e
installation from 5th to 9th interval is because of the scheduled installation to meet 250
bottles target even though there was demand for it.
The data was collected from the Customer List compiled on a daily basis and for the purpose
of this analysis it has been segmented into 10 day periods. The frequency of installation of
bottle lights was then counted for each segment.
Frequency of the campaign is a daily door to door based community marketing. At first the
whole month the campaign was conducted in a daily basis to create the demand of the
bottle light in the focused community. The following month the campaign was conducted
only for 19 days. Onwards, the campaign took place every alternative day. The number of
the campaigns decreased eventually as the demand of the bottle light was very positive to
meet the targeted installations within the project period.
Challenges:
Various challenges aroused throughout the whole project period. These are:
1) Almost 20% people complained excess lighting problem at sunny days. To solve this
problem, we came up with a black cloth cover which they can use to cover-up the
light when needed.
2) It has been observed that with an interval of a month we get 2.5 to 3 percent
leakage. We have to use stronger sealants or train users to repair own lights.
3) If we can find out cheaper substitute of silicon glue, we can reduce the cost of the
bottle light by half which could make the project more feasible economically.
These are few challenges we should look more in depth to solve and prioritize. Overcoming
these challenges could make the whole project more successful and sustainable for long
term.
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Youth Empowerment:
Change is a youth led development organization; from its inception it always tries to involve
the energetic, motivated and change maker young students and professionals in its different
programs and workshops. Today Change has 15 executive members and more than 250
registered volunteers of different universities (North South University, Dhaka University,
and BUP) and youth organizations directly working with the on-going projects of this
organization.
Since its birth, Change has organized different programs and workshops for the youth to
motivate and encourage them for using renewable energy and let know others about it.
In this project (Bottle Light Project, funded by GIZ); Change has involved a number of youths
to install the Bottle Lights in Bounia-badh slum, also to conduct an in-depth research on it.
From bottle installation, data collect and analysis, monitoring and documentation have been
done by the volunteers. In the following part we will discuss some of the youth involvement
programs, which have been demonstrated during the project period.
1. Workshop in Development School
Change has organized a workshop in
a development school of Baoneabadh, where more than 20 to 25
students and their teachers were
present. The workshop focused on
briefing students about the Bottle
Light
technology
and
in
the
subsequent phase conductors taught
them the procedure to install bottle
Photo: 8: Conducting workshop at a developing school
lights. The objective behind this workshop was to deliver the knowledge of Bottle Light to
the students and also to encourage them to motivate their parents to use.
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2. Young Entrepreneurship Summit
A summit full of young professionals and
students was held in Daffodil University of
the city. Many young professionals as well
as students, faculties were present in this
summit. One of the executive members
conducted a session in this summit. There
he gave a presentation about the Bottle
Light
and
how
to
use
it.
After
presentation, there was an open question
Photo 9: Conducting the session
answer round. Students asked many aspects about the Bottle and its feasibility in
Bangladesh. The purpose of this session was to encourage the young talents to become the
future leaders of renewable energy. Around 50 to 60 persons were present in this
workshop.
3. Social Business Forum 2013
Social Business Forum is Asia’s largest
social
business
gathering
where
delegates from different parts of the
world join to discuss and strengthen
social
business
different
problems
social
model
and
through
to
address
environmental
a
sustainable
economic model. CHANGE got the
Photo 10: Social Business Forum
opportunity to present a short video documentary on solar bottle light project in the forum
where Nobel laureate Dr. Muhammad Yunus and other leaders were present.
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Recommendations:
Solar bottle light has a huge prospect in Bangladesh which could develop the socioeconomic condition of the slum dwellers through energy efficiency improvement. For
further expansion of the project these issues could be very helpful:
1) Using stronger sealant instead of Silicon glue. Example: Sika glue
2) Finding cheaper sealant then silicon glue.
3) Focusing more on cottage industrial sectors. Demand of proper daytime lighting is
very high. Example: Tannery area, wood industry etc.
4) There should be a post implementation phase for monitoring and repairing.
5) Train the users to repair own light.
6) Need more people for monitoring and marketing.
7) Redesigning the shape of the bottles could create more demand of the bottle light.
8) Government should take necessary legal actions to implement this project in every
urban concentrated slum for energy conservation to meet energy crisis.
These are some issues need more research and development which could make the whole
project economically more viable, efficient and successful.
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Reference
BBS. (2011). Population and housing census 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2013, from Bangladesh Bureau of
Statistics: http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/Census2011/Bangladesh_glance.pdf
Cameron, S. (2010, September). Access to and Exclusion from Primary Education. Retrieved November 11,
2013, from Create: Consortium for Research on Educational Access, Transitions and Equity:
http://www.create-rpc.org/
Democracywatch. (2002). An assessment on the uprooted slum dwellers of Dhaka city.
Economicsbd. (2011). Slum of Bangladesh: An overview. Dhaka: Economicbd.
Finance Division. (2012). Power and energy sector road map: Second update. The Ministry of Finance. Dhaka:
Government of Bangladesh.
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