Difference of Color Stability and
Fabric Tensile Strength
Endurance of ZP Fabric
Exposed to Sunlight
Presented by:
Mirko Djordjevic – Soko
[email protected]
Implementation
• To help determine service life of ZP
canopies,
• To help determine remaining life and value
of used ZP canopies,
• To determine if there is any significant
difference between the colors used during
the test,
• Fading color – esthetic appearance,
• Matching colors for patching purpose.
Testing Method
• 18 different colors of ZP fabric exposed to
sunlight – in horizontal position, elevated
at 2.70 meters (9 ft) above ground.
• Daylight exposure in mostly sunny sky
conditions (cloud coverage up to 3/8 and
winds up to 11 m/s (25 mph))
Periodically testing the fabric samples
exposed to sunlight by:
- w/ 40 lb. Tensile Strength Test – progressive
stretching force to maximum of 40 lbs for
minimum of 3 seconds, until the fabric fails the
test, or gets broken by wind
- Scanning the fabric and analyzing the color to
compare the appearance to the naked eye and
objective color coding, using CMYK printing
format.
40 lb. Tensile Strength Test
- As explained in The Parachute Manual Vol. 2, by
Dan Pointer, Pg. 73.
- Used on only one point per test – direction of pull
– alongside warp fibers.
Tools:
- Fish scale (dynamometer) with sliding
indicator of maximum force,
- Flat clamps (2)
- Marker to mark the tested areas
Scanning ZP fabric
•
•
•
•
Desktop PC = E-machines
Windows XP Home Edition
Scanner: Visioneer One touch 9420 USB
Adobe Photoshop 6.0
- To import file – scanned picture
• Scanned pictures of different colors saved in
JPEG format
- Using sampler tool (Adobe Photoshop) to get the info
of color format in CMYK format
- Average of 3 point sampling calculated with spread
sheet program
- Info transferred to Power Point.
CMYK color format
◄C
M Y and C M Y K ►
Cyan
Magenta
Yellow
Key - Black
CMYK Color Code
• Major advantage: very easy to
understand meaning of the numbers
• Each component color may be
numerically presented in up to 100%
• Also easy to represent the results
related to color change (fading) and
to present them graphically
Sun Light
Sunlight appears white to us. But it is a mix of different colors
of light (wavelengths of EM radiation) balanced so we see it as
white. In some situations, it separates into different colors –
Rainbow colors.
Sun Light Exposure
◄
UV
►
Violet Blue
Green
Yellow
Red
IR
• Sunlight has three components of EM
spectrum:
- Visible light is the wave length that our eye can
detect – see. (380 – 780 nm), (400 – 700 nm)
- IR – Infra red (780nm – 1 mm) - mostly heating effect,
- UV – Ultra Violet (400 – 200 nm) considered being the
most chemically active component – UV damage.
- (UVA 400 – 315 nm)
- (UVB 315 – 280 nm)
- (UVC < 280 nm)
Light – fabric interference
Incoming light
Reflected light
Passed through
Absorbed light
This interference is for all wave
lengths of light spectrum:
IR, Visible and UV
ZP Fabric Colors Used
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Black
Blackberry
Royal Blue
Light Blue
Yellow
Gold
Watermelon
Neon Pink
Red
10. Navy Blue
11. Jade
12. Kelly Green
13. Lime Green
14. Silver
15. White
16. Lemon
17. Tangerine
18. Magenta
First, one of the stable colors
• Royal Blue
0
25
.0
1
49
.6
74
.7
99
.3
12
3.
8
14
8.
1
17
2.
3
19
6.
1
21
9.
7
24
3.
1
26
7.
6
29
1.
4
31
4.
8
33
7.
9
36
0.
3
38
2.
5
40
4.
5
42
6.
3
44
7.
9
46
9.
2
50
0.
9
53
2.
2
55
9.
7
59
7.
5
63
7.
5
67
7
72
6.
5
Royal Blue
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
196.1 hours
404.5 hours
637.5 hours
These 4 colors did not show
stability and lost strength (failed 40
lb. TST or suffered wind related
damage) after 291 hours of
exposure:
-
Watermelon
Magenta
-
Neon Pink
Tangerine
If a sport canopy is exposed to sunlight between 6-12
minutes per jump, this gives us 1450 - 2900 jumps of
corresponding exposure.
0
25
.0
1
49
.6
74
.7
99
.3
12
3.
8
14
8.
1
17
2.
3
19
6.
1
21
9.
7
24
3.
1
26
7.
6
29
1.
4
31
4.
8
33
7.
9
36
0.
3
38
2.
5
40
4.
5
42
6.
3
44
7.
9
46
9.
2
50
0.
9
53
2.
2
55
9.
7
59
7.
5
63
7.
5
67
7
Neon Pink
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
99.3 hours
196.1 hours
291.4 hours
0
25
.0
1
49
.6
74
.7
99
.3
12
3.
8
14
8.
1
17
2.
3
19
6.
1
21
9.
7
24
3.
1
26
7.
6
29
1.
4
31
4.
8
33
7.
9
36
0.
3
38
2.
5
40
4.
5
42
6.
3
44
7.
9
46
9.
2
50
0.
9
53
2.
2
55
9.
7
59
7.
5
63
7.
5
67
7
Magenta
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
99.3 hours
196.1 hours
291.4 hours
Other colors which showed variable
stability but good strength
endurance 700 + hours
• This means that canopies manufactured of
ZP fabric of these colors may resist daylight
(sunlight) exposure for more than 3500 –
7000 jumps.
0
25
.0
1
49
.6
74
.7
99
.3
12
3.
8
14
8.
1
17
2.
3
19
6.
1
21
9.
7
24
3.
1
26
7.
6
29
1.
4
31
4.
8
33
7.
9
36
0.
3
38
2.
5
40
4.
5
42
6.
3
44
7.
9
46
9.
2
50
0.
9
53
2.
2
55
9.
7
59
7.
5
63
7.
5
67
7
72
6.
5
Blackberry
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
196.1 hours
404.5 hours
637.5 hours
0
25
.0
1
49
.6
74
.7
99
.3
12
3.
8
14
8.
1
17
2.
3
19
6.
1
21
9.
7
24
3.
1
26
7.
6
29
1.
4
31
4.
8
33
7.
9
36
0.
3
38
2.
5
40
4.
5
42
6.
3
44
7.
9
46
9.
2
50
0.
9
53
2.
2
55
9.
7
59
7.
5
63
7.
5
67
7
72
6.
5
Gold
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
196.1 hours
404.5 hours
637.5 hours