5G Millimeter‐Wave Radio Technology
Gabriel M. Rebeiz
Distinguished Professor at the University of California
Wireless Communications Industry Endowed Chair
ECE Department
University of California, San Diego
Tel: 858‐336‐3186
[email protected]
Qualcomm/Ericsson 5G North American Workshop
WE BUILD STUFF !!!
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Rebeiz Group: Phased Arrays and Transceivers
24 GHz CMOS Rx phased array
35 GHz SiGe T-Rx phased array
Wafer-scale phased arrays
with integrated antennas
150 GHz CMOS T/Rx with 20 Gbps
80 GHz 16-element phased-array with built-inself-test (R&D100 Award, Microwave Prize).3
US‐NAVY Radar/Communication Phased Arrays
•$250/element using all GaAs components.
• Reduced to $25/element using SiGe!!
6” high
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New Generation of Phased Arrays using CMOS/SiGe
2001 briefing
2.5” high
inside Boeing
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Isotropic Phone Antenna and 10 dB Base Station Antenna
Pin: 10 W
Pin: 1 W
Pin: 0.1 W
● : 30 GHz
▲: 60 GHz
Pr = - 65 dBm for 1 Gbps (16 QAM)
(250 MHz BW, 15 dB S/N, 7 dB NF)
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4x4 Array on Phone (15 dB) and 23 dB Base Station Antenna
Pin: 10 W
Pin: 1 W
Pin: 0.1 W
● : 30 GHz
▲: 60 GHz
8x8 array
(13o bw)
4x4 array
(26o bw)
Now, we are talking!! But we need beam steering.
Note that PA needs to be 5-6 dB higher power due to backoff.
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4x4 Array on Phone (15 dB) and 33 dB Base Station Antenna
Pin: 10 W
Pin: 1 W
Pin: 0.1 W
16x32 array
(6o bw)
● : 30 GHz
▲: 60 GHz
4x4 array
(26o bw)
We really need beam-steering!!
Note that PA needs to be 5-6 dB higher power due to backoff.
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Do not be afraid
(from mm-wave hardware)
Just spend money (please)
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RF Beamforming or Digital (MIMO) Beamforming?
•
•
•
•
One scanning beam (or 2)
Single transceiver
Low power
Great for user terminals
•
•
•
•
Multiple beams
Full receiver on every
antenna element
Power hog at high data rates
Good for base-stations
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Broadcom 16Tx/16Rx 60 GHz Phased Array (40 nm CMOS)
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Broadcom 16Tx/16Rx 60 GHz Phased Array (40 nm CMOS)
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Broadcom: 10 Gbps Millimeter Wave SoC
(Baseband/Modem) Targets Wireless Backhaul and
Fronthaul Applications
• 10Gbps (!!)
• Modulation up to 256QAM
• Wide channels up to 2 GHz
• Integrated wideband Analog Front
End (AFE)
• Supports Fast HW Design
• Advanced, wideband IQ impairment
correction mechanism
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TensorCom 60 GHz link (7 Gbit/sec at 3m)
• Developed in a small company
• Single SOC (150 mW)
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Millimeter‐Wave (77 GHz) Automotive Radars (>1M/year)
They know what they
want and build it in
millions of units/year
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77 GHz 16-Element Phased Array with BIST
Antenna Directivity: 30 dB
DC/ control pins
IF pins
Bias, others
5x5.5 mm2
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Measurements at 79-81 GHz (Scanning to +/-50o)
•
Beam steering obtained for 100° field of view.
•
Average sidelobe level < -17 dB up to 40o.
Beam
0°
12°
21o
32o
40o
48o
HPBW
5.5o
5.5o
6.0o
6.3o
7.0o
9.6o
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Measurements: 79 GHz Automotive Radar
with phased array beam scanning
• Scan picture of car with door closed and door open.
6x10 cm2
Door
Door Open
(Car is ~25 meters from radar)
No Door
Door Closed
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Wafer-Scale Phased Arrays
Antenna layer
(e.g. Quartz)
Silicon wafer
6x6 mm2
Trx/Baseband
Phased
array
element
•
•
•
High-efficiency antenna layer
Scalable up to 12(in)
First developed at UCSD
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Do be afraid
(from rain!!!)
It will reduce your data rate!!
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Rain attenuation dB/km
6-12 dB/km for medium to
heavy rain (70-80 GHz)
2-4 dB/km for medium to
heavy rain (28 GHz)
55-60 dB
antenna gain
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Alternative Solution: Beam Scanning with a Multi-Focal Lens
Single beam with switch or
multiple beams with a
transceiver on every antenna
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Rebeiz Group: Antennas and Tunable/Cognitive Wireless
Communications
0.7-2.2 GHz
tunable
antennas
with 20 dB
isolation
between
ports
500‐700 MHz tunable notch filter
DVC2
DVC1
0
DVC3
DVC4
1 cm
1.7‐2.5 GHz Tunable Filters and channelizers
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Conclusion
 Millimeter‐wave hardware is expensive in NRE, but can do be done in large numbers and then low cost
 CMOS, SiGe, GaAs pHEMT, GaN, packaging, antennas, etc. … are available.
 Not many people/groups know this stuff. This is not easy. Design techniques are getting better, but there is still (and will always be) some voodoo in RF 
 Just figure out what you want first!!
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