I. History of the Cell
 Anton von Leeuwenhoek (in Holland)


Mid 1600’s
Used single lens microscope to look at
water, and noticed tiny “animalcules” in it!
 Robert Hooke (in England)
 Mid 1600’s
 Looked at cork (from the bark of an oak
tree) under a compound microscope.
 Magnified cork looked like tons of tiny
chambers. Called them cells.
 Matthias Schleiden
 1838 – concluded all plants were made of cells
 Theodor Schwann
 1839 – stated all animals were made of cells
 Rudolf Virchow
 1855 – new cells can only be produced
from existing cells
II.
Cell Theory
1. All living things are
composed of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units
of structure and
function in living
things.
3. New cells are produced
from existing cells.
4.6
Prokaryotic
• Genetic material
not in a nucleus
• Generally smaller &
simpler
• Ex/ bacteria
Eukaryotic
• Genetic material
contained in a
• Bound by a
nucleus.
plasma/cell
membrane • Generally larger and
more complex
• Have DNA
• Contain dozens of
specialized
• Have
structures
ribosomes
All Cells
• Ex/ plant and
animal
Cell Organelle
Structure
•
Cell/Plasma
Membrane
Function
Regulates what goes
in and out of the cell
• Brain of cell
Controls all
• Nuclear envelope activities
• Nucleoplasm
Nucleolus
• RNA
Chromosomes
• Strings of DNA
inside the
nucleus
Cell Organelle
Structure
•
Holds all the
organelles and
allows for
movement
• Peanut – shaped
• Folded layers on
the inside
Powerhouse of cell;
make energy
(respiration)
Cytoplasm
Vacuoles
Function
• Saclike structures
• Bubble of
digestive
enzymes
Dispose of waste
and other worn-out
organelles
Cell Organelle
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Structure
Function
• Network of tubes
• Can be rough or
smooth
• Tiny round
Produce proteins
structures
• Found on ER and
in cytoplasm
Golgi apparatus
•
Modify and package
cellular materials
• Microtubules
and
microfilaments
Support the cell
Cell Organelle
Structure
Function
•
Centrioles
Flagella/cilia
• Only in animal
cells
• Tail or hair-like
projections
Movement of the
cell
Plastids
(chloroplasts)
•
Hold pigment and
carry out
photosynthesis
Rigidity (wood)
• Only in plants
• Made of cellulose
A major part of this unit is learning the parts of the cell
and their functions. In this project you will demonstrate
understanding of the cell by making an analogy of the
cell, taking each organelle and function into
consideration.
 Instructions:
 You will work in groups of 3.
 You will display your project as a poster.
 Your poster must have drawings for your scenario which
show your analogy, and a written explanation for each
organelle.
 You MUST include 10 organelles.
 Grading: 30 points
 10 points for your IDEA. It will be judged
on creativeness, originality
thoughtfulness.
 10 points for your poster. Poster must
include correct analogies for
structure/function of cell organelles.
 10 points for presentation.
Warm-up
• Quick review of cell structures.
• 20 minutes to finish cell analogy posters.
• We will begin poster presentations afterwards!
Objectives 
• Finish cell analogy poster presentations.
• Observe cell specimens under the microscope.
Homework 
• Honors : Cell History, Structure and Function Test
Friday.
 You will be observing:
 Cork Cells  Just like Robert Hooke!
 Animal Cells

Cheek Cells
 Plant Cells





Onion
Elodea
Potato
Tomato
Beet
Drop of stain (iodine)
Paper towel square
 You will be observing:
 Cork Cells  Just like Robert Hooke!
 Animal Cells

Cheek Cells
 Plant Cells





Onion
Elodea
Potato
Tomato
Beet
a)Are the cells similar in shape?
b)Are they similar in size?
c)Do the cells appear to have contents?
d)Explain?
e)Are their open spaces between the cells?
a) What is the outer most layer called?
b) Compare it with the cell wall in plants.
c) Does the cell have a definite shape?
d) If so, what is its shape?
e) Is a central vacuole present?
f) Can you see the cytoplasm?
Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Tissues of Life online activity.