Molecular Mechanisms and Models of Exposure
Dr. Karin
(1)
Develop transgenic mice and cell lines that will be highly sensitive to
chemical induced oxidative stress.
Dr. Russell
(2)
Use specifically engineered S. pombe strains capable of detecting
heavy metals such as arsenic.
Dr. Evans
(3)
Using PXR and CAR humanized mice, develop unique cell lines and
animal models to identify PXR/CAR specific toxicants.
Dr. Tukey
(4)
Developing animal models and cell lines to screen for AhR specific
environmental contaminants.
Dr. Bhatia
(5)
Develop microscale, zonated liver tissues to study liver function
following exposure to environmental toxicants.
Dr. Taylor
(6)
Utilize chemically engineered acetyl-cholinesterase as a tool for
monitoring the presence of organophosphates.
Dr. Schroeder (7)
Dr. Tebo
(8)
Develop transgenic plants expressing PCS genes for bioremediation of
heavy metal contaminated soils.
Utilize anaerobic Cr (VI)-reducing bacteria for bioremediation.
*The word pombe means beer in Swahili, and this yeast was originally isolated in millet beer from eastern Africa.
•
Research Translation Core
Applying toxicogenomic models of exposure and molecular
biomarkers/biosensors to new systems for detecting,
assessing and minimizing the effects of toxic substances on
human and environmental health.
Requires the following components:
1. Partnering with government agencies;
2. Technology transfer; and
3. Communicating with broad audiences.
Must also discuss how the Research Translation Core will
interact with the other research projects and cores in
fulfilling the goals of this core.
Accountability
• The NIEHS considers research supported by the SBRP to be
an accountable enterprise. This accountability derives from the
supposition that the evolution and maturation of hypothesisdriven basic research leads to increased opportunities for the
translation of results into applied, "product-oriented" research
directions. It is this evolution combined with the integration of
biomedical and non-biomedical research within a thematic
framework that allows for environmental synthesis and its
application to real-life problems facing the nation's cleanup
efforts. The knowledge gained through these efforts,
ultimately, should reduce the burden of human illness and
dysfunction from environmental causes.
•
Community Outreach Core
Integrating Superfund-related science and Native cultural traditions for
equitable environmental stewardship of Indian Reservations: A Tribal
Regional Workbench approach
•
•
•
•
•
SBRP defines community outreach to be "extending support or
guidance to communities, community advocates or community
organizations living in proximity to or affected by hazardous
waste sites." Community outreach activities should be done in
conjunction with the EPA, the ATSDR
o Sponsoring short courses or workshops
o Increasing access to relevant information and serving as a resource
o Education on health and technical issues
o Establishing collaborative projects among communities,
investigators and other colleagues to address environmental problems
(e.g., partnering with tribes in determining exposure pathways
specific and relevant to their traditional and cultural practices).
• International Conference: Biomarkers for Toxicology and Molecular
Epidemiology, New Tools for 21st-Century Problems
•
The National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (NCEH/ATSDR) March 15-17, 2004, in Atlanta, Georgia.
•
Examine ways that cutting-edge biotechnology/molecular tools may be applied to
several public health problems through technology transfer. Discuss the latest
developments in biosensor and other new analytical technologies that can be
utilized for rapid, field-usable exposure assessments of environmental chemicals as
well as for chemical terror agents.
•
Evaluate the latest developments in the application of molecular "omics"
technologies (genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics). These biomarker classes
can be used to evaluate early responses to toxic agents such as arsenic in drinking
water, which is a global public health problem that affects the United States and
many other countries.
•
Examine these new molecular tools in relation to populations at special risk for
toxicity from chemicals (e.g., children). Attendees will seek to determine ways that
these modern tools can be used to provide improved risk assessments for protecting
children against environmental chemicals.
•
Our Outreach Core will be presenting at the Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services
Program of NCEH/ATSDR during May 2004
Seminar on Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring
("Risk-e-Learning" Web-Based Seminar, March 16th, sponsored by the NIEHS SBRP and the
EPA Technology Innovation Program).
•
Drs. Bruce Hammock and Michael Denison from the University of California-Davis will
present their work in the development of miniaturized, fast, sensitive bioassay systems for use
in environmental research and monitoring at hazardous waste sites. Dr. Ian Kennedy, also
from UC-Davis, will discuss his advances in nanotechnology and the use of MEMs (Micro
Electro Mechanical system) fabrication techniques to make a micro-sized instrument for
optical detection of trace amounts of chemicals in aqueous solutions.
One of the goals of SBRP is the development of methods and technologies to detect, assess
and evaluate the effects of toxic substances on human health. Conducting the studies needed
to obtain such information requires a staggering number of analyses. However, analytical
costs often preclude running the number of samples required. To address the issue of high
analysis costs for environmental monitoring and the need for markers of exposure and their
analysis, these researchers have developed immunochemical methods of analysis and other
integrated immunochemical techniques for monitoring toxic substances in humans and the
environment.
•
The advantages of immunoassay include sensitivity, selectivity, speed of analysis cost
effectiveness and adaptability. They can be used to monitor individual chemicals, metabolites
or bound species. Immunoassay is not a replacement for GC or HPLC, but is an important
tool for the analytical chemist and can provide a cost-effective alternative.
•
The NIEHS is has expressed interest in the exposure assessment topics below. We
are developing partnerships with regionally-based organizations that could greatly
benefit from advances along these lines:
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
•
Use of biomarkers of exposure and effect or biological samples in site-specific
decision making
•
Value of information provided by measured biomarkers of exposure, and methods
of increasing their value
•
Integrated measures of dose, does the biomarker really reflect exposure from
multiple routes and multiple media? Scientific approaches to test this hypothesis
•
Communicating risks: reconciling the "stories" of environmental measurements,
biological measurements, and modeled outcomes
•
Utilization of advanced technologies for exposure assessment
•
Nanotechnology and other advanced technologies for continuous site monitoring
Biomarkers of Environmentally Associated Disease: Technologies, Concepts, & Perspectives
Written by Samuel H. Wilson , William A. Suk , Bergman , Berwick , Perry Blackshear Published by CRC Press (19 June, 2002)
The new knowledge gained from SBRP model animal research can be applied to
development toxicology in at least three important ways:
1.
2.
3.
In developing more effective assays to test for environmental toxicants
In assessing the risks of known toxicants
In investigating toxicological mechanisms, the understanding of which will allow
developments of new therapeutic approaches to toxicant-induced defects.
Source: National Research Council (2000) Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk
Assessment Committee on Developmental Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology.
Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Thus far, with transgenic mice, “little use has been made of sensitized strains and reporter strains to improve
toxicant detection and to learn more about mechanisms of toxicity.” (p. 187)
Wen Xie and Ronald M. Evans THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Vol. 276, No. 41, Issue of
October 12, pp. 37739–37742, 2001. “The humanized mouse system represents a major step toward
generating a humanized rodent toxicologic model and thus provides an advanced way to explore the
interface between the environment and the human genome.
Dr. Karin: Develop transgenic mice and cell lines that will be highly sensitive to chemical induced oxidative
stress.
Dr. Tukey: Developing animal models and cell lines to screen for AhR specific environmental contaminants.
Figure 1 (Adapted from
DeCaprio, 1997); cited in
Funding Opportunities
Application of
Biomarkers to
Environmental Health
and Risk Assessment
FY 2004 Science to
Achieve Results (STAR)
Program.
EPA’s SPECIFIC AREAS OF INTEREST
EPA, through the STAR program, is interested in supporting research that provides validation, interpretation and/or
application of currently known biomarkers. Of special interest is the use of multiple biomarkers that can fill knowledge
gaps across different points of the exposure-dose-effect continuum and/or that can be applied in a clinical setting. Any of
the following areas are of interest:
•Animal or epidemiology studies that explore the relationship between biomarkers of exposure and measures of
subclinical disease (early biological effect or altered structure/function). Additionally, these studies could be expanded to
explore the relationship between the subclinical disease measure and the actual clinical disease.
•Mechanistic studies (e.g., using genomics or proteomics) of toxicant response linked to clinical disease. For example,
the identification of the functional relevance of proteins where genetic polymorphisms have been found to modify the
effect of an environmental exposure on a disease endpoint.
•Studies to validate the utility of biomarkers for use in large population studies (e.g., reliability, predictive value,
sensitivity, specificity, affordability, applicability to the general population and susceptible subpopulations).
The NCT aims to use and promote toxicogenomics as a
means to guide federal agencies and legislators in developing
guidelines and laws that regulate the levels of various
chemicals in the environment.
This knowledge will reduce the likelihood of needless and
expensive over-regulation as well as potentially dangerous
underregulation of environmental toxicants, as new
guidelines will be based on defensible scientific standards
and information rather than on estimates and educated
opinions.
The NCT is currently doing the groundbreaking research
needed to develop and demonstrate the techniques that will
become tomorrow’s routine testing methods in
toxicogenomics.
In the near future, toxicogenomics will likely have a
significant impact on three key areas of human health: risk
assessment, exposure assessment, and understanding
human susceptibility to disease.
http://www.niehs.nih.gov/nct/nctpub.pdf
The National Academies
National Academy of Sciences
National Academy of Engineering
Institute of Medicine
National Research Council
Calls for the development of
“Integrative Science,” –science
committed to bridging barriers that
separate traditional modes of inquiry.
Identifies
four interlocked,
components of
sustainability
science
Highlights the
REGION as the
most amenable
geographic scale
for integrating
theory and
practice
Source: National Research Council (1999) Our Common Journey:
A Transition Toward Sustainability.
RWBC Mission:
Create innovative research-learning
partnerships, planning support
systems, and educational tools to
enable sustainable city-region
development.
More than a Web site!
• Multidisciplinary conceptual
framework for sustainability science
• Federated network for information
integration and knowledge sharing,
through collaborative projects
• Service learning and workforce
development opportunities for
students (internships)
• Ethics, research methods and the
philosophy of science (guides)
A Federated
Network of
Partners
University of California, San Diego
_ Superfund Basic Research Program
_ Urban Studies and Planning Program
– San Diego Supercomputer Center
– Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies
– SIO, Cal(IT)2, Libraries, Medical School
San Diego State University
– Graduate Program in City Planning
– Department of Geological Sciences
- Ed.Center on Computational Science and Engineering
Mexican Academic Institutions
– CICESE
– COLEF (El Colegio de la Frontera Norte)
Non-profit organizations
– TELESIS
- San Diego Baykeeper, and Ja Jan Coalition
- San Diego River Park Foundation
- Conservation Biology Institute
- Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning
- Global Planning Educators Association Network
Government Agencies
– INFORMATICA (A Municipal GIS Institute of Tijuana)
– SANDAG, County of San Diego, City of San Diego
– San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board
Industry
– Industrial Environmental Association (IEA)
- Earthstar Geographics, Solid Terrain Modeling
Research Translation and Community
Outreach Partners
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board
Mayor of San Diego SANDAG (SWG_RCP, indicators, tribal, Border 2012)
EPARegion 9 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Eugenia, Border Team,
Superfund/Tribal contact), EPA science and science policy
San Diego River Conservancy
Camp Pendleton (Superfund)
San Diego Baykeeper/ Ja Jan Coalition
Tribal letters (Campo EPA, NTEC, David connection?)
TELESIS (evaluation)
UCSD Tech Transfer Office
Edenspace
San Diego Environmental Professionals Association
Industrial Environmental Association
CICESE/ COLEF
SEMARNAT
San Diego-Tijuana City-Region
Sustainability
Science
+
New
Regionalism
+
Information &
Visualization
Technology
+
Ethics and
Env. Justice
Africa
Nov. 13-15, ‘01
Abuja, Nigeria
Asia
Regional Science and
Technology for Sustainability
Workshops
Feb. 4-6, ‘02
Chiang Mai, Thailand
Europe
Feb. 27-March 1-6, ‘02
Bonn, Germany
Latin America
March 4-6, ‘02
Santiago, Chile
Integration and
Synthesis
May 21-24, ‘02
Mexico City, Mexico
Series of regional workshops around the world designed to broaden and deepen an agenda for science
and technology for sustainability.
Network for Science and Technology for Sustainability Corell, Robert. 2002
N. America
March 24-25, ‘02
Ottawa, Canada
Driven by increasingly influential legislation and agreements at the European and International levels,
sustainable development has, since the late eighties, emerged as one of the core elements of planning
policy and practice. The metropolitan or "city-regional" scale is now widely regarded as the most
appropriate scale for strategic planning.
Equity and Urbanization along the U.S.-Mexico
Border: The Prospect of Sustainable City-Regions
.
•The Regional Workbench
Consortium (RWBC): A
federated research and
learning network
image source: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/california.html#PIA03330
The border region—a 2000-mile-long, 125-mile-wide strip extending from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico—was scarcely inhabited at the beginning of
this century. The total population which now exceeds 11.8 million—6.3mUS, 5.5mMexico (up from only 1 million in 1960) is expected to grow to 19.4 million by
2020. Population in the San Diego-Tijuana city-region is expected to increase from ~4.2M people in 2002 to ~6.4M by 2020; GRP 1999: San Diego ($104B)
Baja Coastal ($16B); Per-capita water usage per day, Baja Coastal = ~ 57 gallons, San Diego = 200 gallons SDCWA (2000).
Binational Conference 2000
NIEHS interest
in the the U.S.Mexico Border
MISSION STATEMENT
As a partnership among federal, state, local, and U.S. tribal
governments, the mission of the Border 2012 Program is:
To protect public health and the environment in the U.S.Mexico border region, consistent with the principles
of sustainable development.
Border residents suffer disproportionately from many
environmental health problems, including water-borne
diseases such as hepatitis A and respiratory problems
such as asthma. The elderly and children are most at
risk. Tribal communities and residents of some
unincorporated communities also are at greater risk
because of inadequate or non-existent water supplies.
The U.S.-Mexico border region is shared by two
nations, ten states (four in the U.S. and six in
Mexico), and 64 municipalities (39 in Mexico and
25 in the U.S.). There are 26 U.S. federally
recognized Native American tribes in the border
region, which range from 9 to 17,000 members.
U.S. / Mexico Border Region Mapping Gateway
•
TELESIS internet-based mapping services provide access to public health, epidemiological,
demographic, environmental, topographic, and imagery information describing the health
conditions along the United States/Mexico Border Region and selected state pairs.
In partnership with our
SBRP Outreach Core,
this work was
presented, by
invitation, at the
annual SBRP
conference this year.
Integrating Perspectives
Nov. 9 – 12, 2003
Dartmouth College
Hanover, NH
Partnership
with
TELESIS
May 29, 2003 RWBC EXPO
RWBC hosting SANDAG’s Regional
Planning Committee, May 5, 2003
Outreach to the Public
UCSD-TV documentary series, On-line interactive narratives
Federated project
data base
*Biosphere
*Hydrosphere
*Lithosphere
*Atmosphere
*Humans as
components of
ecosystems
RESEARCH TRANSLATION CORE
• The Research Translation Core will promotes greater understanding and
application of biomarkers, biosensors (biomolecules/nanoparticles),
bioremediation, phytoremediation and mouse toxicologic models. To move SBRP
research from bench to demonstration to commercial use, the Core will help
translate the development of new cell lines, transgenic animal models, bioassays,
and biomolecular detection systems into applications for exposure monitoring and
risk assessment (e.g., new methods of testing for toxicants in water/soil/sediment
samples). Through tech transfer and commercial partnerships, SBRP advances in
transgenic bioremediation and phytoremediation technologies will promoted as
new biological systems/tools for the environmental restoration of contaminated
water, soil and sediments (e.g., transgenic plants that can bioaccumulate heavy
metals, bacterial methods to detoxify heavy metals). Promising advances in
nanotechnology will spur cross-project collaboration in multidisciplinary efforts to
create new fieldable types of biomolecules/nanoparticles that can be used as
biosensors for toxin detection.
Research Translation Core AIMS
Applying toxicogenomic models of exposure and molecular biomarkers/biosensors to new systems
for detecting, assessing and minimizing the effects of toxic substances on human and
environmental health.
1. Transfer SBRP research and technology into public and private sector applications that
can improve the detection, assessment and remediation of Superfund toxicants (e.g.,
molecular biomarkers, biosensors/nanoparticles, bioremediation, phytoremediation and
mouse toxicologic models).
2. Create a communications network that interactively relates SBRP research findings to the
needs of regional, state and federal government agencies charged with protecting human
health and the environment-- including the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control
Board, City of San Diego, County of San Diego, San Diego Association of Governments,
EPA, Camp Pendleton, San Diego River Conservancy, and SEMARNAT (Mexico’s
EPA).
3. Continue building our SBRP Regional Workbench Consortium’s (RWBC) Web site.
Augment the RWBC’s collection of toxicant and mitigation data by digitally converting
paper-based historical archives, federating on-line distributed databases, and mapping
water quality samples collected by science-based citizen groups (Baykeeper, Ja Jan
Coalition, San Diego River Park Foundation).
Research Translation Core AIMS (cont.)
Applying toxicogenomic models of exposure and molecular biomarkers/biosensors to new
systems for detecting, assessing and minimizing the effects of toxic substances on human
and environmental health.
4. In partnership with UCSD’s Office of Technology Transfer (TechTIPS),
organize technology showcases, entrepreneurs/innovators forums, intellectual
property awareness seminars and educational workshops that will invite and
attract both academic and industry representatives—thereby fostering the
commercial development and utilization of innovative SBRP technologies.
5. Communicate to broad audiences through periodic workshops; short symposia;
participation in regional, national and international conferences; and web-based
methods including on-line geographic information systems (GIS), interactive
narratives and 3D visualization. Also develop more traditional communication
tools including the translation of complex research findings into print and
materials intended for the lay public based on communication best practices.
Camp Pendleton
Superfund Site
•
The Marine Corps has nine known areas of contamination.
Waste generation operations at this site include maintenance
and repair of vehicles (trucks, tanks, and aircraft); landfill
operations; waste disposal areas, such as scrap yards; and fire
fighting drill areas. The base contains wetlands, streams, and
rivers which feed into the Pacific Ocean. This land is the only
remaining undeveloped area between Los Angeles and San
Diego.
•
Groundwater and soils are contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), spent oils, fuels, polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, metals and herbicides. Though
groundwater provides drinking water to the entire installation,
the current drinking water supply is within drinking water
standards.
•
•
•
•
The Department of Toxic Substances Control, or DTSC, protects California and Californians
from exposures to hazardous wastes. More than 1,000 scientists, engineers and specialized
support staff work in nine offices statewide. DTSC is a department of the California
Environmental Protection Agency, or Cal/EPA.
An estimated 90,000 properties throughout the State - including former industrial properties,
school sites, military bases, small businesses and landfills - are contaminated, or believed
contaminated, with some level of toxic substances. Some of these are "brownfields," sites that
often sit idle or underused, contributing to both urban blight and urban sprawl.
DTSC cleans-up or oversees approximately 220 hazardous substance release sites at any given
time and completes an average of 125 cleanups each year. An additional 250 sites are listed on
DTSC's CalSites database of properties that may be contaminated. Expediting cleanups is an
important goal of the program, and a series of "Brownfields" initiatives support that effort.
San Diego Field Office 9174 Sky Park Court, Suite 150
• OEHHA’s mission is to protect and enhance public
health and the environment by scientific evaluation of
risks posed by hazardous substances.
• OEHHA’s vision
To be California’s leading scientific organization for
evaluating risks to human and ecological health.”
•
I contacted OEHHA’s Chief of Integrated Risk Assessment (David Seigel)
Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
•
The SCCWRP is a joint powers agency focusing on marine environmental research.
•
An important part of our mission is to ensure that the data we collect and synthesize
effectively reaches decision-makers, scientists and the public. The world-wide web provides
us a new opportunity to achieve this goal. A number of our annual reports are now on-line and
key-word searchable. Bight’03 Southern California Regional Marine Monitoring.
•
More than $31M is spent each year on monitoring in the southern California Bight (SCB), but
most of this effort is focused on site-specific assessments. Time and again, however, resource
managers have recognized the need to develop management strategies for the entire SCB in
order for their site-specific management to be successful.
•
The Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP) is helping to address this
need by coordinating cooperative regional monitoring efforts.
The most recent of these efforts is taking place right now and is referred to as Bight’03.
•
COMMUNITY
OUTREACH
CORE
Community Outreach Core: AIMS
Integrating Superfund-related science and Native cultural traditions: A Tribal Regional Workbench
approach to enabling equitable environmental stewardship of Indian Reservations
1.
Build a Tribal Regional Workbench Web site in collaboration with the Campo Indian
Reservation (San Diego) and the National Tribal Environmental Council’s Superfund Program.
The aim is to help build Tribal capacity to negotiate with entities of regional governance (where
regional plan-making is underway to deal with hazardous waste management, water quality
regulations, land conservation, economic development, etc.).
2.
Share SBRP-generated knowledge and tools for exposure monitoring, risk assessment, and
environmental restoration (e.g., new methods of testing for toxicants in water/soil/sediment
samples and phytoremediation) with Tribal communities affected by hazardous waste sites and
transboundary flows of toxicants (including across the U.S.-Mexico Border).
3.
Sponsor a set of regional workshops to improve the Tribal community's awareness and
understanding of biomarkers, bioremediation and environmental health issues in ways that are
sensitive to traditional and cultural practices. This will involve UCSD faculty as well as partners
from the USEPA Office of Environmental Justice; EPA Border 2012; Environmental Justice
Resource Center at Clark Atlanta University; Indigenous Environmental Network; Agency for
Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Office of Tribal Affairs (OTA); EPA Office of
Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (OPPTS); EPA Office Pollution Prevention &
Toxics Tribal Environmental Network; and the Forum on State and Tribal Toxics Action
(FOSTTA).
Community Outreach Core: AIMS (cont.)
Integrating Superfund-related science and Native cultural traditions: A Tribal Regional
Workbench approach to enabling equitable environmental stewardship of Indian Reservations
4. Host a national gathering of tribal leaders and scientists on the theme of "Cross fertilizing
science and tribal wisdom in environmental stewardship." Develop a model or a set of “best
practices” for knowledge production, consensus-building, collaboration, and policy-making
among tribal leaders, tribal and state EPAs, and the federal EPA. Create new approaches to
doing science and environmental research—new epistemologies that challenge the divide
between Western science and traditional Native systems of knowledge.
5. Communicate data, maps, and stories to tribal leaders and agency officials via workshops,
conference, and other public presentations. Co-author a series of papers, articles, and other
publications with Tribal and other partners, in the spirit of broadly disseminating the lessons
learned and some of the stories we may gather.
6. The Community Outreach Core will facilitate internship and field research opportunities for
graduate and undergraduate students at the university and will also include a plan specifying
how we will measure milestones and outcomes. We anticipate this effort becoming a national
model for interdisciplinary, technology-based participatory research among scientists, social
scientists, and diverse publics.
Indian reservations in San Diego County
San Diego County has more Indian reservations
than any other county in the United States.
Total land holdings are just over 124,000
acres, or about 193 square miles of the 4,205
square miles in San Diego County. There are
20,000 Native Americans living in San Diego
County.
Superfund is an important issue for Tribes
Over 430 NPL sites are on, adjacent or within 50 miles of Indian Lands.
Transboundary impacts of superfund toxicants affect Tribal lands
(reservations, allotments, trust lands, resources & populations).
Tribes may have rights - i.e., religious freedom, treaty uses, treaty rights and
traditional and customary areas that extend many miles beyond Indian
lands. Tribes should be involved in decisions about sites that may impact
their resources.
Open government to government communication is essential. Developing
relationships with EPA, State, and Tribal officials is necessary. Tribal
consultation and Tribal involvement needs to happen early and often.
Currently, Tribes have no authority to list or delist a site on the NPL. This
poses a problem when a state governor will not concur or list a site, or if
State or Federal governments are Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs).
Tribes strongly advocate for the development of site hazard ranking,
assessment and cleanup criteria that protect Tribal Traditional Lifeway
activities, including the use of Tribal resources for cultural, subsistence and
ceremonial purposes.
Tribal Perspectives on Superfund
2003 National Site Assessment Symposium
Cherokee Nation, by Jason White
Tribal Risk Assessment Risk assessment must
account for unique ways tribal members use
watershed resources for food, recreation, &
cultural & ceremonial purposes. Tribal cultural
values and environmental concerns may not be
adequately addressed in risk assessment
protocols.
National Tribal Environmental Council
Superfund Project, Tribal Recommendations
The goal of the Tribal Workgroup is to make recommendations on how to improve the involvement of
tribes in the Superfund program.
Tribal perspectives on Superfund Priorities
Abstract from the EPA's 2003 National Site Assessment Symposium
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Office of Tribal Affairs (OTA)
OTA assists with tribal-specific environmental health needs resulting from exposure to hazardous waste
sites and pollution.
EPA Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (OPPTS)
Tribal Strategic Plan, 2003-2008
Federal Water Quality Standards for Waters in Indian Country
EPA Office Pollution Prevention & Toxics Tribal Environmental Network
Forum on State and Tribal Toxics Action (FOSTTA)
EPA Tribal Pesticide Program
EPA Tribal Bioassessment and Biocriteria Programs
The American Indian Environmental Office (AIEO)
Border 2012 Tribes
Overlap in Research Translation
and Community Outreach
Baykeeper and Ja Jan Coalition’s networked
approach to getting extracts and enabling
citizen collection of water samples.
• UABC, CICESE,
• USD, SDSU, SWC
Water Quality Monitoring
• The identification and quantification of metals in
environmental samples (water, sediments) are often
difficult. Currently, many scientists use atomic
absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled
plasma-mass spectrometry to detect and quantify
metals. Both of these techniques require destruction
of the sample and are limited by the number of metals
that can be analyzed at one time, as well as by sample
size, matrix effects, and limits of detection.
• Invited by EPA (Office of Science and Science
Policy) to present at the September 2004
Monitoring Science and Technology
Symposium, Colorado.
• Special Focus Session
Tech Transfer: Newly Submitted and Pending Patents
•
Project 1 – Karin
We have disclosed the proprietary mouse strains we have generated to the Tech Transfer Office at UCSD.
The disclosures include: Ikkß conditional deletion (the Ikkß-floxed mouse), mice lacking IKKß in intestinal
epithelial cells and mice lacking IKKß in liver cells.
•
Project 4 – Tukey
The development of new transgenic mice response to Ah receptor ligands have been disclosed to the Tech
Transfer Office at UCSD.
Project 7 - Taylor
The University of California, San Diego has taken a patent position on the “Fluorescence Ligand Binding
Assay of the Acetylcholine Binding Protein and Analogs of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels,” SD2003-085-1.
•
Project 8 - Schroeder
A submitted patent on the use of phytochelatin synthases was issued by the US patent office: Phytochelatin
Synthases and Uses Therefore. P.A. Rea, O.K. Vatamaniuk, S. Mari, Y-P. Lu, J.I. Schroeder, E.J. Kim, S.
Clemens, U.S. Patent Number 6,489,537 B1 (patent issued 12/2002).
Licensing officers of UCSD’sOffice of Technology Transfer did a informal survey which found that 83% of the
recent licenses executed in their office were the result of the PI contact with a corporate entity (that is,
either the PI had an on-going relationship with a company or else simply provided the company contact
information to us); 7% were from our own personal network; and 10% were from "mass marketing" (cold
calls). (Source: Donna Shaw)
Top 20 Hazardous Substances
2003 CERCLA Priority List
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
ARSENIC
LEAD
MERCURY
VINYL CHLORIDE
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
BENZENE
CADMIUM
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
BENZO(A)PYRENE
BENZO(B)FLUORANTHENE
CHLOROFORM
• *This priority list is not a list of "most
DDT, P,P'toxic" substances, but rather a
AROCLOR 1254
prioritization of substances based on a
AROCLOR 1260
combination of their frequency,
DIBENZO(A,H)ANTHRACENE
toxicity, and potential for human
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
exposure at NPL sites.
CHROMIUM, HEXAVALENT
DIELDRIN
• http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/cxcx3.html
PHOSPHORUS, WHITE
CHLORDANE
Common Chemicals, Metals and Other
Substances Found at EPA Superfund Sites
Acetone
Aldrin/Dieldrin
Arsenic
Barium
Benzene
2-Butanone
Cadmium
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlordane
Chloroform
Chromium
Cyanide
DDT, DDE, DDD
1,1-Dichloroethene
1,2-Dichloroethane
Lead
Mercury
Methylene Chloride
Naphthalene: Pending
Nickel
Pentachlorophenol
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl Chloride
Xylene: Pending
Zinc
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/resources/chemicals.htm
40 High-Priority Superfund Sites Cleaned Up
EPA Superfund NEWS RELEASE: TUESDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2003
Dave Ryan, 202-564-7827 / [email protected]
Forty high-priority hazardous waste sites across the country were cleaned up in fiscal year 2003 (Oct. 2002 - Oct.
2003), EPA announced today. To date, EPA has cleaned up 886 sites on the Superfund National Priorities List
(NPL). These sites are considered some of the highest health threats in the nation.
"The cleanup of contamination at these 40 sites is indicative of the continued progress the Superfund program has
made over the years," said EPA Acting Administrator Marianne Lamont Horinko.
"We still face serious challenges because we still have much work to do at our remaining sites," she continued.
"Although we currently have 699 construction projects underway at 436 sites, many of these sites tend to be large,
expensive, and complex."
To help meet these challenges posed by the large, complex sites, the President requested a $150 million increase in
the Superfund budget for Fiscal Year 2004.
The majority of Superfund site clean-ups are conducted by private parties responsible for the contamination, under
EPA control and pursuant to EPA enforcement actions. Historically those have represented about 70 percent of all
clean-up activity. As of last year, EPA has secured more than $20 billion in cleanup commitments from polluters.
EPA's other Superfund activities in fiscal year 2003 included:
Committed $292 million for long-term cleanup construction work;
Proposed for public comment 14 new sites to the NPL, and placed 20 on the final NPL, making them eligible for
long-term remedial action federal funding (The NPL now contains 1,243 final sites.);
Committed $142 million to conduct short-term emergency actions at 381 sites to remove immediate threats to
human health; and
Led the debris recovery effort for the Columbia space shuttle disaster, in which EPA and its partners retrieved
84,800 pounds of material -- almost 40 percent of the total dry weight of the shuttle.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/news/pr_110403.htm