2017 Skyline Agronomy Exam
1.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Pearl Millet?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
What is an advantage of red clover over alfalfa for use as a pasture or hay crop?
a.
b.
c.
d
e.
3.
fence-row to fence-row farming.
growth regulators.
intensive pest management.
integrated pest management.
Which of the following are quality factors in determining the price of cotton lint?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.
NE
SE
NW
SW
Using natural predators of harmful insects to control pests is an example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.
more winter hardy
more drought resistant
grows better on poorly drained soils
a and b
a and c
In general, which portion of the state receives the most rainfall each year?
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
grows best on a well drained soil
can tolerate acid soils
is drought tolerant
produces most of its forage in the spring
color
fiber length
fiber strength
b and c
a, b, and c
What is the plant part whose main function is reproduction?
a.
b.
c.
d.
inflorescence
node
tiller
internode
7.
If you want to establish legumes in a grass pasture, what would you not want to do?
a.
remove early spring grass growth
b.
apply large amounts of N fertilizer
c.
overseed legumes in late winter
d.
control weeds the previous fall prior to establishment of the legume
8.
Which is a characteristic of a monocot?
a.
b.
c.
d.
9.
Which statement is true about a monocot or a dicot stem?
a.
b.
c.
d.
10.
leaves with a network of veins
flowers in parts of 4s and 5s
stems with vascular bundles in a ring
one cotyledon
a monocot stem has no vascular cambium with scattered vascular bundles
a monocot stem contains vascular bundles that form a ring
a dicot stem does not contain cambium
a dicot stem has scattered vascular bundles
In the botanical classification level “Class,” wheat and barley are classified as
Angiosperma. What does this mean?
a.
b.
c.
d.
grass-like family
produce nodules
seeds are in pods
seeds in a fruit
11. Since I am using glyphosate resistant corn I have decided to wait until five weeks
after the weeds and corn have emerged to control them. What would be the result
on corn yield?
a) 10-20 higher bushels/acre b) 5-10 higher bushels/acre c) no yield affect
d) 5-10 less bushels/acre
e) 10-20 less bushels/acre
12. This warm season grass is often called “Ice Cream” grass since it is high in nutrition
and palatability. It is also highly productive but prefers loamy soils with adequate
moisture.
a) Bermudagrass
b) Big Bluestem
c) Eastern Gamma grass
d) Little Bluestem
e) Sideoats grammagrass
13. When establishing forages, what should the fertilizer composition be?
a) high in N
b) high in P c) high in K d) high in N, P and K.
14. Greenbugs, Midge, and Webworms are major pests to which crop?
a) soybeans b) corn c) wheat d) grain sorghum e) cotton
15. What does physiological damage to plants by insects refer to?
a) disrupting the internal natural processes of the plant
b) damaging the root structure of the plant
c) damaging the leaves of the plant
d) entering into the inside of the stem and eating the tissue
16. The transmission of characteristics from one generation to another is called ______.
a) reproduction b) genetics c) plant growth d) inheritance
17. Which two macronutrients make up approximately 95% of the total bases present in
the soil?
a) P and K b) Mg and P c) P and Ca d) Ca and Mg e) Mg and Mn
18. Which type of soil water is the most available?
a) capillary b) gravitational c) hydroscopic d) all are equal
19. When would not be a good time to reduce soybean planting rate?
a) when lodging is a problem b) when conditions are ideal
c) when using very high seed germination (>85%) d) when you are no-tilling
20. If alfalfa is the most productive legume why isn’t it grown more widely?
a) the seed is expensive
b) it doesn’t thrive on acid or non fertile soil
c) it is subject to winter kill d) b and c e) all of these
21.
What is a major problem in using sweet clover for forage?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
it is less palatable due to coumarin content
spoiled hay can cause “bleeding disease”
poor recovery after cutting
All of these are correct.
None of these is correct.
22.
Which of the following is NOT an essential nutrient for plants?
a. N
b. H
c. Cu
d. Na
23.
When are soybeans most sensitive to moisture stress?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
24.
physiological maturity
flowering
pod development
vegetative maturity
b and c
Which of the following is the least available source of nutrients?
a. soil solution
b. cation exchange sites
c. organic matter
d. soil minerals
25.
A major way calcium is supplied to plants is by ________________.
a. anion exchange
b. cation exchange
c. chelation
d. leaching
26.
If a soil contains 40 lb P/acre, it contains ____ ppm P
a. 80
b. 40
c. 20
d. 10
27.
Which of the following Ca sources should not be used as a lime source?
a. gypsum
b. calcitic limestone
c. dolomitic limestone
d. hydrated lime
28.
One AU is equal to ________.
a. 11 pigs
b. 150 chickens
c. 1000 lb of live animal
d. 7 geese
29.
Mineral solubility changes most with soil ____.
a. pH
b. bulk density
c. infiltration capacity
d. color
30.
The stable form of soil organic matter is called __________.
a. pumice
b. humus
c. fulvic acid
d. illite
31. If a seed tag stated percent germination at 80% and the purity at 80%, what is the
pure live-seed ratio?
a) 64%
b) 70%
c) 72%
d) 75%
32. There are _______ sections in a township.
a) 18
b) 24
c) 36
d) 64
33. There is a lot of talk in the news about “Glyphosate Resistant Horseweed”. What
caused this to happen?
a) using generic glyphosate b) using glyphosate every year on the same field
c) rotating herbicides
d) not rotating crops
34. What is the difference between rotational grazing and management intensive grazing?
a) there is no difference
b) rotational grazing involves grass pastures whereas management intensive
grazing involves legume pastures only
c) rotational grazing is for sheep whereas management intensive is for cattle
d) rotational grazing involves two to seven pastures whereas management intensive
involves eight or more pastures
35. In the Mid-West Corn is commonly planted in ____ inch row spacing?
a) 7.5
b) 15
c) 30
d) 36
36. What is the “Ideal” temperature range for corn yield?
a) 75-86 oF b) 85-96 oF c) 55-66 oF d) 65-76 oF
37. What would be a good final corn population (plants/acre)?
a) 15,000
b) 30,000 c) 60,000 d) 120,000
38. What would be a good final soybean population (plants/acre)?
a) 15,000
b) 30,000 c) 60,000 d) 120,000
39. Where would you normally plant a maturity Group 2 soybean variety?
a) North Missouri b) Central Missouri c) Southern Missouri
40. At what moisture content would you want to sell soybeans?
a) 10%
b) 13% c) 18% d) 25%
41.
A horizon that contains illuviated clay is the ____ horizon.
a. O
b. A
c. B
d. C
42.
Soil erosion potential is highest in which of the following?
a. clean-till
b. no-till
c. mulch-till
d. strip-till
43.
A product with a LD50 of 35 mg/kg is ________ toxic than another with a LD50 of 250
mg/kg?
a)more b) less c) equally
44.
As forage harvest is delayed what would you expect to happen to forage quality?
a) NDF and ADF would increase but ADL would decrease
a) NDF, ADF, and ADL would increase
b) NDF, ADF, and ADL would decrease
c) NDF and ADF would decrease but ADL would increase
45.
What is required for germination?
a) favorable temperature
b) sufficient moisture c) oxygen
d) presence or absence of light e) all of these
46.
Why is cotton not produced in the northern climates?
a)
laws regulating cotton production to south of the Mason-Dixon line
b)
boll-weevils are more prevalent in the northern climates
c)
diseases that infect cotton overwinter in corn stubble
d)
cotton requires a long frost-free period
47.
In cotton production what are DD-60s?
a)
GMO cotton that does not produce seed
b)
heat unit measurements used to manage and monitor cotton
c)
a grading system for cotton lint
d)
a class of insecticides that are specific for cotton
48.
Runoff decreases as ______ increases.
a. surface residue
b. precipitation
c. ET
d. slope
49.
Which of the following pollutants is in water is not generally attributed to agriculture?
a. phosphorus
b. nitrate
c. pesticides
d. mercury
50.
IPM has a main goal of _______ pesticide use.
a. increasing
b. decreasing
c. not changing
d. favoring
51.
____________ is a major way insects feed.
a. licking
b. piercing-sucking
c. digesting
d. regurgitating
52.
Mites have _____ legs.
a. 0-8
b. 6
c. 12
d. 18
53.
If a forage has a Nitrogen concentration of 2% what then is the Crude Protein
concentration?
a) 2% b) 12.5% c) 6.25% d) Nitrogen has nothing to do with Crude Protein
54.
If you subtract what from NDF you get the amount of hemicellulose.
a) NDF b) TDN c) relative feed value
d) ADF
55.
Cropping history of a field can be used to identify pest _______.
a. populations
b. parasites
c. hosts
d. migrations
56.
A limitation of GM crops is _______.
a. short stature
b. high fertilizer needs.
c. lack of tolerance to wet soils
d. lack of marketability in some countries
57.
58.
59.
The parent line for registered or certified seed is called:
a) certified seed
b) breeder seed c) treated seed
d) Foundation seed
Seed used to produce foundation seed is called:
a) certified seed
b) breeder seed c) treated seed
d) Foundation seed
Requires labeling by law:
a) certified seed
b) breeder seed
d) Foundation seed
c) treated seed
60.
If a soil test calls for 1200 ENM per acre and the ENM of the lime is 400, how many tons
of lime should be applied?
a)1/2 ton b) 2 tons c) 3 tons d) 4 tons
61.
Which of the following is an advantage of a crop rotation over a monoculture system?
a. higher level of management needed
b. timing fertilizer and pesticide application easier
c. less equipment usually needed
d. risk spread across more than one commodity
62.
_________ is not a limitation of cover or companion crops
a. Increased soil erosion
b. Reduced yields
c. Soil water depletion
d. Increased cost
63.
Starter fertilizer is commonly recommended for _________.
a. pastures
b. no-till
c. clean-till
d. all crops
64.
In the standard germination test, viable seeds ________.
a. mold
b. turn blue
c. germinate
d. stay dormant
65.
Seeding rate is ________ plant population.
a. always less than
b. always more than
c. equal to
d. less than or equal to
66.
If you were a soybean breeder and wanted to go to its country of origin in order to find
resistance to rust, where would you go?
a.
b.
c.
d.
67.
Brazil
Europe
China
Iowa
What crop is an example of a monocot?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
corn
pearl millet
grain sorghum
a and c
All of these are correct.
68.
Which elements do plants obtain from the air?
a.
b.
c.
d.
69.
The Universal Soil Loss Equation, A=RKLSCP, uses many factors to calculate soil
erosion. What does R stand for in the equation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
70.
10-15%.
15-25%.
25-35%.
35-45%.
Soybeans do not have any protein.
Which type of wheat is predominately grown in Missouri?
a.
b.
c.
d.
72.
soil erodibility factor
conservation practice factor
rainfall factor
tolerance factor
The protein content from soybean seed will range from
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
71.
C, H, O
C, H, N
K, P, Ca
C, Mg, K
hard red spring
hard red winter
soft red winter
soft red spring
Most dicots have what type of germination and emergence?
a.
b.
c.
d.
epigeal
epicotyls
hypogeal
hypocotyl
Match the characteristic on the left with the correct soil texture on the right.
73.
Low water-holding capacity _____
a. silt soils
74.
High water-holding capacity _____
b. clay soil
75.
Best water-holding capacity _____
c. sandy soils
76.
Large pore spaces _____
77.
Mixture of pore spaces _____
78.
Small pore spaces _____
79.
Nutrients tightly held _____
80.
Nutrients absorbed gradually _____
81.
Nutrients pass through quickly _____
82. What is the Cation Exchange Capacity of a soil?
a) positively charged ions
b) negatively charged ions
c) the ability of a soil to hold and exchange nutrients
d) removal of bases by water percolation
83. Which of the following are not fiber crops?
a) barley
b) rice
c) flax
d) cotton
84. The growing point of a grass is _________.
a. leaf tip
b. root tip
c. flower
d. intercalary meristem
85. Harvest date is affected by _________.
a. hybrid or variety
b. excess soil P
c. neutral soil pH
d. seed quality
86. Crop mix on a farm is used to reduce ________.
a. income
b. liability
c. risk
d. profit
e) a and b
87. If the value of a crop is $3 /bu and a production practice costs $11.25/acre, which of the
following yield increases would make the production practice profitable?
a. 1 bu/acre
b. 2 bu/acre
c. 3 bu/acre
d. 4 bu/acre
88. Which of the following pH values is considered alkaline?
a) 7.8
b) 7.0 c) 6.8 d) 4.8
89. This micronutrient occurs in very acid sandy soils and is important for nitrogen
fixation in soybeans.
a) copper b) zinc c) molybdenum d) manganese
90. In southeast Missouri you are more likely to find which growth type of soybeans?
a) indeterminate b) semi-dwarf c) dwarf d) determinate
91. What does K stand for in the fertilizer analysis N-P-K?
a) potassium b) chromium c) krypton d) calcium
Questions 92-100 refer to the diagram below of the parts of a flower. Each number corresponds
to the questions below.
92. This refers to what male part of a complete flower?
a) anther b) filament c) sepal d) stamen e) petal
93. This refers to what male part of a complete flower?
a) anther b) filament c) sepal d) stamen e) petal
94. This refers to what male part of a complete flower?
a) anther b) filament c) sepal d) stamen e) petal
95. This refers to what part of a complete flower?
a) anther b) filament c) sepal d) stamen e) petal
96. This refers to what part of a complete flower?
a) anther b) filament c) sepal d) stamen e) petal
97. This refers to what female part of a complete flower?
a) stigma b) pistil c) petal d) ovary e) style
98. This refers to what female part of a complete flower?
a) stigma b) pistil c) petal d) ovary e) style
99. This refers to what female part of a complete flower?
a) stigma b) pistil c) petal d) ovary e) style
100. This refers to what female part of a complete flower?
a) stigma b) pistil c) petal d) ovary e) style
2017 Skyline Agronomy Exam Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
D
E
B
D
E
A
B
D
A
D
E
C
B
D
A
D
D
A
D
E
D
D
E
D
B
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
C
A
C
A
B
A
C
B
D
C
A
B
D
A
B
C
A
A
B
E
D
B
A
D
B
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
B
A
B
D
C
D
D
B
C
C
D
A
B
C
B
C
E
A
C
D
C
A
C
B
A
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
C
A
B
B
A
C
C
E
D
A
C
D
A
C
D
A
D
A
B
C
E
A
E
D
B