NY533
Attendance at the 10th Biennial
Australasian Plant Pathology
Society Conference
Lincoln University New Zealand
28-30 August 1995
Dr Andrew Drenth, Cooperative Research Centre for
Tropical Plant Pathology
Leif Forsberg, Queensland Department of Primary
Industries
NY533
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CONTENTS
TRAVEL REPORT
Attendance at the 10th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference
Lincoln University New Zealand, 28-30 August 1995
By Dr Andrew Drenth, Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Plant
TRAVEL REPORT
Attendance at the 10th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference
Lincoln University New Zealand, 28-30 August 1995
By Leif Forsberg of Queensland Department of Primary Industries
CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
CONFERENCE & WORKSHOP PROGRAMME
Project NY533
Attendance at the Australasian Plant Pathological Society Conference
- CRC/Uni of Qld
Dr Andre Drenth
Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Plant Pathology. 5th Level
John Hines Building University of Queensland Brisbane 4072
Conference
10th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathological Society Conference,
Lincoln University New Zealand 28-30 August 1995
Program
The 10th biennal Australasian Plant Pathological Society Conference was organised around
four major themes: disease resistance, plant disease management, molecular plant
pathology and biological control. The detailed conference program is enclosed. Seven
workshops preceded the conference. Biological control, Botrytis, Epidemiology,
Nematology, Sclerotial fungi, Grape vine diseases and "DNA fingerprinting in Plant
Pathology: an introduction" which was organised by scientists, including the author, from
the CRC for Tropical Plant Pathology. In the session "Phytophthora: detection and host
pathogen interactions" an oral presentation entitled "The evolution of races of
Phytophthora sojae in Australia" was presented by the author (abstract enclosed).
Delegates attending
The APPS conference was attended by 350 participants, mainly from Australia and New
Zealand and a small number of participants from the USA, Canada, Europe and south-east
Asia.
Outcomes
In this session I will try to highlight some of the recent developments in the control of
plant diseases in each of the four sessions:
(i) Disease resistance
For many crop plant species resistance to various pathogens has been introduced and is
effectively deployed. However, the problem with many single genes for resistance is the
lack of durability. After a while resistance genes are typically overcome by the
development of new races by the pathogen. Hence, durable forms of resistance are needed.
Horizontal or field resistance against Phytophthora rot in Asparagus has been developed
using a recurrent field selection process and resistant individuals will then be used as
genetic stock for the production of hybrid asparagus cultivars (P.G. Falloon, Aspara
Pacific Ltd, NZ).
Genetic engineering of disease resistance is by far the most advanced in viruses. Here the
pathogen derived resistance gene strategy proves highly successful. This strategy involves
placement of genes, derived from, but slightly modified from the virus into the plant to
effectively reduce or stop virus replication in plant cells after infection by the virus. A
number of approaches are possible to obtain virus resistance in plants (i) introduction of
virus coat protein genes in the plant, (ii) RNA mediated resistance which acts at the RNA
level (Hi) replicase genes which interfere with the multiplication of viruses in the cells of
their host plants, (iv) anti sense RNA which blocks expression off essential viral genes (v)
ribozymes and, (vi) suicide genes. Practical considerations concerning engineering
resistance against viruses are an extensive knowledge of the pathogen, resistance against all
the strains of a putative virus in Australia, and the threat of new viral introductions from
overseas.
(ii) Plant disease management
Aerial application of Phosphonates to control Phytophthora in natural ecosystems is
possible in selected areas to protect plant species in some of these ecosystems. Injecting
phosphonate into trunks of fruit trees (avocado, peach, apple, kiwi fruit, and cocoa) gives
good control. Phosphonates specifically interfere with the phosphate metabolism in
oomycetes. It is believed that this leads to a disturbance of the pathogen virulence
mechanisms leading to the activation of host defence mechanisms. Phosphonates have a
direct effect on the pathogen, an intermediate effect, most likely through the production of
phytoalexins in the plant, and a residual effect in the control of Phytophthora. In the
flower and native plant industries phosphonates can only be used up to a certain extent to
control Phytophthora as the plant and soil material remain infective. Trunk injection is
only an option in already infected production nurseries (e.g. avocados). Hence, an effort
should be made to produce disease free planting material.
An excellent overview of the potential of phosphonate to control various Phytophthora
incited diseases in the nursery industry and natural vegetation was given by D. Guest from
the University of Melbourne, Victoria. High standards of hygiene, minimalisation of
transport of large amounts of planting material and soil, early detection and identification
of Phytophthora and the ability to effectively control it using phosphonates should all be
part of control strategies to control Phytophthora diseases.
Botrytis cinerea is causing considerable losses in the horticultural and fruit industries.
Disease resistance against this pathogen is almost absent and resistance against
dicarboxirnide fungicides is spreading in B. cinerea populations which makes this fungus
more difficult to control. Integrated approaches are needed to control this disease. One
interesting development in the control of B. cinerea concerns picking of kiwi fruit under
wet conditions which largely reduces the number of infections through the picking
wounds.
(Hi) Molecular plant pathology
In the section on molecular plant pathology an overview was given of the possible
strategies taken for detection and identification of plant pathogens using DNA based
diagnostics (B.J. Bassam) and the use of monoclonal antibodies (F.M. Dewey, Oxford
UK). An excellent overview of the use of molecular markers to answer epidemiological
questions was given by L.M. Kohn (Ontario, Canada). Many studies in plant pathology are
now possible using molecular markers to provide insights into the origin, adaptation and
evolution of pathogens. The ability to identify individuals in pathogen populations using
these markers can yield many new insights into the mode of reproduction and survival of
plant pathogens.
Molecular approaches to engineer plants resistant to cyst nematodes involves interfering
with the development of highly specialised feeding structures (syncytium) in the stele of
the host plant. Interference of these feeding structures prevents the nematode from
completing its life cycle. This can be achieved by the expression of cytotoxic genes
regulated by a syncytium specific promotor. Another approach involves down regulation of
genes which are normally overexpressed in syncytia. From the above it is evident that a
detailed knowledge of the host-pathogen interaction from the population to the molecular
level can be effectively used to control plant diseases.
(iv) Biological control
'
A rather large number of sessions were devoted towards biological control. The prospects
to control weeds using plant pathogens are good in some areas but rather slim in others.
At the moment the ecological and physiological basis of biological control is very poorly
understood. Without a clear understanding of the underlying processes, progress will be
difficult. Different options of biological disease control are currently investigated. One
approach is to isolate and identify microbial antagonists by serial dilution from suppressive
soils. In vitro assays and pot trials show promising results. Full scale field testing does not
show such promising results using these particular microorganisms. More basic research is
needed to determine which species are antagonistic to Phytophthora infection and hostpathogen interactions. In an extensive search for microbial antagonists against
Phytophthora clandestina causing root rot of subterranean clover most antagonistic micro
organisms were either identified as Bacillus or Pseudomonas strains and at the moment the
potential of these bacteria to control P. clandestina induced root rot of subterranean clover
is being investigated.
Recommendations
Phytophthora's are considered to be one of the main plant pathogens in Australia and this
was reflected in the conference program with two complete sessions devoted to the subject,
including 17 oral papers and 6 posters. Exchange of ideas and material is an extremely
important part of participating in a conference. A few of the concrete links which are now
established I have listed below.
Initial steps have been made to design a joint project with Dr. D.I. Guest from the
University of Melbourne to study Phytophthora parasitica on tropical fruit in more detail.
Exchange of cultures of P. cactorum has also been accomplished with R. A. Fullerton (Hort
Research Auckland NZ) and with B. Hall (South Australian Research and Development
Institute, Adelaide).
Together with four colleagues from the CRC for Tropical Plant Pathology and
nematologist Dr. J.W. Marshall (Crop and Food Research, NZ) a three day workshop
"DNA fingerprinting in Plant pathology: an introduction" was organised. Twenty-one plant
pathologist participated in this three day "hands on" workshop which enabled me to
establish further collaboration and links with pathologists actively working with
Phytophthora in Australia (I. Smith, Centre for Forest Tree Technology, Kew, Victoria.
and New Zealand; M. Dick, Forest Research Institute Rotorua and Dr. H.C. Mckenzie,
Landcare Research Auckland) Exchange of identification and detection methods and
Phytophthora strains with these researchers who work with Phytophthora disease problems
in different plant industries will have beneficial effects on research in general.
Copies of the conference proceedings
No proceedings were produced of this conference but the abstracts of all oral presentation
and posters are available from the author.
I wish to thank the Queensland Nursery Industry Association and the Horticultural
Research and Development Corporation for their financial support which enabled me to
attend this conference.
Project NY532:
Attendance at 10th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference.
Participant:
Leif Forsberg, Plant Protection Unit, Department of Primary Industries,
Redlands Research Station, Cleveland, Queensland 4163.
Conference:
Held at Lincoln University, New Zealand from 28 - 30 August 1995.
The tenth biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society conference was held from 28-30
August, 1995, at Lincoln University near Christchurch in New Zealand. Participants of this
well attended conference comprised approximately 180 Australians (2 from QDPI), 100 New
Zealanders and 30 from other countries.
The conference was based around four symposia: biological control, molecular plant
pathology, disease resistance and disease management. Major presentations on these topics
plus many short papers and posters on all aspects of current plant pathology work were
presented. These totalled 156 oral presentation and 130 poster papers. A copy of abstracts of
these presentations are available for loan on request.
The conference provided an excellent opportunity to update on all aspects of plant pathology
research. I attended formal presentations as well as having informal discussions with many
plant pathologists and my "equivalents". I was able to compare notes on plant pathology
laboratory techniques and services used or offered by other disease diagnosis laboratories (for
example in South Australia and Tasmania). This was particularly timely as Queensland,
Victorian, Tasmanian and South Australian laboratories will soon become partners in
providing a crop health diagnostic service to horticultural industries.
This personal contact with so many plant pathology specialists was a rare and much
appreciated event for information gathering and personal professional development. I
gratefully acknowledge sponsorship by the Queensland Nursery Industry Association and the
Horticultural Research and Development Corporation which allowed me to attend this
conference.
Appendix 1 contains a short list of selected conference presentations, which were of
particular personal interest. Brief comments summarising these papers and highlighting some
recent developments in plant disease control are included. Abstracts of these or any other
presentations or posters from the conference are available from the author.
Appendix 1 - Some selected conference papers, brief comments (author and abstract
reference no.)
Phytophthora related papers
Phytophthora is a major plant pathogen in Australia. 23 papers and posters were devoted to
work with Phytophthora. Some papers included:•
Phosphonate offers a practical method for the control of Phytophthora cinnamomi in
native plant communities (Komorek and Shearer, 7).
10% phosphonate applied at 60L/ha (aerial application) protected plants for up to 2 years,
higher application rates being tested may give longer protection.
•
Integrated management of Phytophthora diseases of Cocoa in Papua New Guinea (Konam
et. al. 12)
Complex disease cycle, pathogen dissemination, limits disease management success.
Work with trunk injection, ant control, mulching, role of insect vectors towards
developing an integrated management package for Phytophthora palmivora.
•
Evaluation of Banksia species for response to Phytophthora infection (Tynan et. al.,11).
Range of Banksia species tested with Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytophthora
citricola, and ranked for susceptibility. Excised root assay also provided good agreement
with previously determined susceptibility ranking.
• Progress in phosphonate research (Guest, 64)
Dr D Guest presented an informative paper on progress in phosphonate research. In summary
this unique compound, even though now in use for 18 years continues to be a success story
(also see other papers listed in this appendix) Important points about phosphonate discussed
included:
(a)
more is now known about complex and novel mode of action - interferes with
phosphate metabolism of pathogen - pathogen virulence mechanism affected
activating host defence mechanisms;
(b)
no verified resistance although widely used for 18 years;
(c)
is water soluble and ambimobile making chemical particularly effective for trunk
injection to treat root diseases;
(d)
is very persistent within plants, for example trunk injection to control bud rot in
coconuts can protect for 18 months; one pre-plant dip of pineapple planting material
can protect plant for it's whole field life.
X:\FORSBERG\REPORTS\CONFER.MAR.sp
•
Strategies for applying phosphorous acid to protect and cure peach and apple trees of
Phytophthora (Lim and Jerie, 157).
Spray treatments gave up to 4 months protection against infection by Phytophthora cactorum,
and single trunk injections halted trunk rot and allowed trees to recover within 2 years;
recommendations from work are to inject infected trees and foliar spray healthy but
susceptible trees in spring, summer and autumn every year to provide protection.
•
Curative treatments of Phytophthora root rot in kiwifruit by stem injection with
phosphorous acid (Lim, 158)
•
Good response to single trunk injection treatment of vines infected with Phytophthora
cryptogea.
Powdery mildew control
• Baking soda and additives for control of powdery mildews (Long et. al., 73).
Combination of surfactant and sodium bicarbonate (2 g/1) more effective than single
component alone, for control on roses and curcurbits. Dish washing liquid (2 brands) were
more effective additives than most agricultural wetting agents and oils.
• Control of grape powdery mildew with foliar sprays of soft fungicides (Wood et. al., 74)
Mixtures of bicarbonate and oils or surfactants gave cost effective disease control.
• Poster papers on oils/soft fungicides for powdery mildew control (see Wicks et. al., 218,
and Azam et. al., 219)
Miscellaneous
• Control of vascular streak dieback of cocoa using trunk - injected fungicides (Kak Wright,
et. al., 76)
Triazole fungicide, trunk injected, being trialled to control vascular streak dieback, caused by
the basidiomycete fungus Oncobasidium theobromae - (trials in Papua New Guinea). This is
not a disease of concern in Australia but is a novel new approach to attempt control of a
vascular pathogen.
Grey mould (Botrytis) related papers
• Regulation of water relations for the post harvest control of Botrytis on cut flowers (Joyce
et. al., 43, see also Taylor et. al., 44).
X:\FORSBERG\REPORTS\CONFER.MAR.sp
• Botrytis - abstracts 20, 21, 22, 23 and 78 relating to fungicide resistance, abstracts 79 to 82
relating to Botrytis inoculum.
Flower crops
• The cause of petal spot in calla lilies (Knight et. al., 45)
Botrytis, Acremonium and Alternaria spp. confirmed pathogens.
• Orchid diseases in Queensland (Ogle et. al., 47)
Survey showed Colletotrichum associated diseases most common.
Collectotrichum being compared and pathogenicity tested.
50 isolates of
Other chemical control related papers
• Alternatives to soil disinfestation with methyl bromide for control of Sclerotium rot of
flower bulbs (Porter et. al., 75).
Bulb dips at sowing with tolclofos and the triazole fungicides diniconazole and tebuconazole
were effective.
• Commercial adoption of hydrated lime for apple scab control in Australia (Wong et. al.,
77).
Leaf and fruit surface pH modified to control disease. Combination of hydrated lime and
much reduced use of conventional fungicides beginning to be adopted commercially.
Miscellaneous topics
• Operation of the Tasag Elisa pathogen testing service (Johnstone and Cross, 105)
Fee for service testing in Tasmania for local, interstate, or overseas clients for viruses, someviroids, bacterial and fungal seed-borne and other pathogens.
• Root diseases of trees caused by higher fungi in Queensland and New Zealand (Hood,
143).
Diseases caused by Armillaria, Ganoderma and other fungi affecting tree crops compared
between two regions.
Miscellaneous posters
X:\FORSBERG\REPORTS\CONFER.MAR.sp
• Incidence and economic impact of Elsinoe scab of South African Proteaceae in Australia
(Pascoe et. al., 285)
In Australia disease in 20-3 0% of plantings, causing losses $20, 372/ha/annum or 52% of
potential value.
• Protection against armillaria root rot of kiwifruit by injection with Trichoderma (Hunt and
Gale, 264).
• Control of silver leaf disease on peaches and apricots by stem injection with fungicides
(Lim, 216)
• Control of downy mildew in Brassica seedlings (Minchington et. al., 250)
Estimate loss to nursery industry of $4 million annually. Trials showed phosphonic acid
(drench) and mancozeb (sprays) give effective control. Project aims to develop overall
management strategies.
X:\FORSBERG\REPORTS\CONFER.MAR.sp
Concurrent Session 14:
Phytophthora: detection and host
pathogen interactions
106. The e v o l u t i o n of races of
Australia
Phytophthora
108.
sojae
in
Drenln. -V lV/:/>><>'- A.C, Maclean, D.I.'. Irwin. I.A.C.
Obst,
N.R.'- anc. Rviev, At./. -'
:
Coooeray.e Resea-cn Centre tor Tropical Plant Pathology Level 5
John Hine ? 3uildinu The Universitv of Queensland, QLD 4072,
Ausralia
• Deoa-trhenl of Primary Industries, P.O. Box 102, Toowoomba,
Queensland 4350. Australia
Isolates o; P. soiae collected between 1979 and 1993 from eastern
Australia and the USA were characterised for virulence and RFLPs. A
total of 99 Isolate? were characterised, 84 from Australia and 1 5 from
the L 5 A. I- the Australian population of P.sojae three different RFLP
genotvpes and five different races (1, 4, 1 3, 1 5 and X1 were identified.
One RFLP genotype occurred in over 95% of all samples collected
trro'jgnou: the so\ bean growing regions of eastern Australia. The 1 5
isolates obtained from the USA represented 12 different races and the
five RFLP probes detected 12 different RFLP genotvpes. All five races
in Austral a occurred in the same background RFLP genotype
suggesting tnat nev. "aces in Australia evolve from a common genetic
background through mutation and/or low levels of outcrossing among
1 0 7 . Specific D N A - b a s e d d e t e c t i o n of
medicaginis
Phytophthora
Lie::. E.C.). \lac:ear. D.I. and Irwin, j.A.G.
Coope-at".e Research. Centre for Tropical Plant Pathology, The
Unive-sitv of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
The tande~. repett:.e rDNA region containing a mosaic of highly
c o ' - s e ' v e ; and variable sequences has great potential in the
development v accurate and sensitive techniques for improved
detect.or* :.' plan- pathogens. The 3.6-kb InterGenic Spacer (ICSi
betv. een the r D \ A repeats of Phytophthora medicaginiswas amplified,
cloned and sequenced. By sequence analysis and comparison with
two ciosei'. related soecies, P. megasperma (Spain: and P. trifolii, two
prime's PED04 and PED05) were designed for use in the Polymerase
Cham Reaction PCR to amplify a 364-bp fragment from genomic
DN A or P. iiedicagims. The specificity of these primers was verified
when tested over a range of 19 different Phytophthora species, four
diffe r ent p\thiu."
species, 12 other fungal pathogens of lucerne
representing the tour main classes of the Kingdom Vtycota and a
bacterium, Rhizobiun-. trifolii. This PCR-based detection was further
developed to detect P. medicaginis, in diseased host tissue and infested
Phytophthora
dieback of
pathogen interactions
Banksia
- Study of host
Tynan. K.M.:, Scott. E.S . and Sedgley, Mr
' Department of Crop Protection, University of Adelaide, Waite
Campus, Clen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
-' Department of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology. L niversitv of
Adelaide, Waite Campus Clen Osmond, SA 5064 Aust-alia
Asepticallv grown seedlings of two field susceptible and two field
tolerant Banksia species were inoculated with zoospores of P.
cinnamomiand the development ot infection and colonisation studied
in vitro. Inoculated seedlings were either cleared and stained before
viewing as whole mounts, or fixed, sectioned and stained for viewing
with light or fluorescence microscopy. Zoospores encvsted and
germinated on all four Banksia species. Hyphae grew auicklv
throughout roots of susceptible species, causing necrosis ot root tips
after 24 h and reaching the hypocotyl by day 5. In roots of the tolerant
species, necrosis began 3 days after inoculation but rarelv extended
further than half way up the root. Sporangia formed at the root surface
of all species and hyphae were found both inter- and intracellular^.
Caliose deposits were formed bv the host cell in response to invading
hyphae. They were evident in the epidermis and cortex in both
susceptible and tolerant species, being more numerous in the latter.
1 0 9 . Measurement of the p r o d u c t i o n of reactive oxygen
species during host plant responses to infection
Sutherland, M.W., Peters, A.J., and Learmonth, B.A.
Dept of Biology. Faculty of Sciences, Universit. or' Soufhe-n
Queensland, Toowoomoa Q 4350, Australia
Recent evidence clearlv suggests that reactive oxygen species ROS.are generated during host plant responses to infection, in particular,
ROS are implicated in the early signalling events which precece the
initiation of resistance pathways. In these events hydrogen peroxide
(H,0,) generation appears to be central. The most likely source of
this H n O, is from the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O - i . in a
process analogous to the respiratory burst of mammalian phagocytes.
While detection of H.O. production is relatively straightforward
detection of unstable ROS such as the superoxide anion I O . - 1 or the
hydroxy I radical i.OHi. is more problematic due to their snort lifetimes.
We are currently comparing, in tobacco suspension cultures
challenged with Phvtophthora parasitica var nicotianae. several
conventional assavs tor O,- p r o d u c t i o n , w i t h the use o; novel
tetrazolium dyes. Unlike larger scavengers such as cvtochrome c or
SOD, these dye molecules are small enough to diffuse into the wall Of
hypersensitively responding host cells to intercept O - produced a;
the membrane surface. Results to date indicate that the dye XTT is a
useful tool forthestudv of O,- production by plant cells due to its low
rate of background reduction bv unchallenged cells and the solubility
of its formazan reduction product.
CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP
PROGRAMME
Wednesday 23 August
8.30-9.30am
Registration
Stewart Lecture Theatre Foyer
Workshop 4
Lab 436, Hilgendorf Wing
D N A Fingerprinting
Thursday 24 August
8.30-9 30am
Registration
Stewart Lecture Theatre Foyer
Workshop 3
Oak Room, Lincoln Union
Workshop 4
Epidemiology
DNA
Fingerprinting
Lab 436, Hilgendorf Wing
Friday 25 August
1.30-9.30am
Registration
Slewarl Lecture Theatre Foyer
Workshop 1
Biological Control
Lecture Room C I , Commerce Block
Workshop 2
Lecture Room C2, Commerce Block
Botrytis
Workshop 3
Epidemiology
Oak Room, Lincoln Union
Workshop 4
DNA
Fingerprinting
•
1
1
•
i
i
i
1
i
1
i
i
1
1
1
1
i
S
i
i
E
E
i
i
E
E
E !
E 1
Lab 436, Hilgendorf Wing
Workshop 5
I all 433, I l i l g e n d o t f W i n g
8.30am-5.00pm
Registr
Stewar
Worksh
Lecture
Worksh
Lecture
Worksh
Oak Ro
Worksh
Lab 43
8.30am-10.00pm
Registr
Stewar
Worksh
Lecture
7.30-9.30pm .
Evening
8.00pm
APPS M
Forbes
8.30-9.00am
9.00am
9.30am
10.30am
11.00am
11.00am
11.30am
Nematology
12.00pm
T
I
E!
.
12.10pm
12.20pni
!
i
.
12.30 -2.0()pn>
HI] HirJHii.,1 Au-.lMl.iM.m M.n
2.00-3.30pm
CONCURRENT SESSIONS 1-4
Concurrent Session 3: Fru
Chair: Dr
Concurrent Session 1 : Disease control in
Chair: Dr David
Phytophthora
Balasubramanian
Location: Hilgendorf 4
Oral papers
Cuest
2.00pm
Location: Stewart 2
20.
Fre
Cap
Oral papers
2.00pm
Fou
6.
Plating method incorporated with selective media as one step isolation of antagonists against
R cinnamomi rands
Aryantha, N.P., and Guest, D.I.
2.13pm
7.
Phosphonate offers a practical method for the control of Phytophthora
cinnamomi
21.
2.26pm
22.
Sur
orc
Pak
in native
plant communities
Komorek,
2.13pm
Pop
kiw
B.M., and Shearer, B.I.
Ma
2.26pm
8.
Evaluation of fungal and bacterial antagonists for biological control of
Phytophthora
cactorum on apple trees in New Zealand
Alexander,
2,39pm
9.
Production of superoxide radicals in tobacco cells in response to challenge by
zoospores
Peters, A.J. and Sutherland,
2.52pm
10.
2.39pm
23.
A P
cine
Luc
2.52 pm
24.
Cha
3.05pm
25.
B.I.R., and Stewart, A.
Phytophthora
Pad
M.W.
Biological control of Phytophthora
clandestina
antagonistic root-associated bacteria
Simpiendorter, S.R., Harden. T.)., and Murray,
root rot of subterranean clover by
G.M.
3.18pm
3.05pm
11.
Evaluation of Banksia species for response to Phytophthora
3.18pm
12.
Integrated management of Phytophthora
26.
infection
Tynan, K.M., Scott, E.S., and Sedgley, M.
diseases of cocoa in Papua New Guinea.
Konam, J.K., Dennis, J.I.C., Saul, J., Flood,).,
Det
Scp
Eva
Pseu
Voy
Concurrent Session 4: Dise
and Cuest, D.
Chair: Dr Roy
lohnson
Location: Stewart 1
Concurrent Session 2 : Virus diseases
Oral papers
2.00pm
Chair: Dr Richard Forstei
27.
Location: Hilgendorf 5
Oral papers
2.00pm
2.1 3pm
2.13pm
1 3.
14.
28.
tone
Characterisation of Cucumber Mosaic Virus RNA5 and its use in genetically engineered
Blanchard,
1 5.
2.26pm
29.
2.39pm
B.I.
16.
Gambley, R.L., McGhie,
T.K., Harding,
3,05pm
17.
18.
'J.lllpin
I't.
Van
R.M.,
31.
Dependent transmission ot plant viruses by aphids
W.
loin.ilo spotted will vitus in •\usir.ilia
Mm.in I., /ones, R I atham I., Iv-oriero,
Roa
CM.
A Rarln.ivirus from pineapple in Australia
lliiinisiin,
k.(, . Iloiloik,
I \ 1 . , Diet/gen, K.G., Ultimas, I.I., and Irakle,
G.R.. and Srithongchai.
Rea
in A
Viruses of cocksfoot in New Zealand
lohnstone.
Res
Sou
.52pm
Guy. I'.l.., Campbell, A.W., Smales, T, and Ferguson,
2.52pm
30.
Expression and purification of recombinant sugarcane mosaic virus coat protein
and Dale, J.L.
2.39pm
Scre
Hol
C.I.., Howe, P.M., and Anderson,
Smith. C.R., ford. R.. Bryant. ID.,
Eng
Pott
Ryegrass mosaic virus in New Zealand
Guy, PL., Webster, D.E.. and Torster, R.L.S.
virus resistance
2.26pm
Mol
Hei
3.05pm
32.
Res
taus
Lou
3.18pm
33.
St re
sola
Bro
J.30pm
Afternoon
l)S
I.., and Wilson, f".
null UII-IIIII.IIAIM,.,I.,M,,III'U
4.00-5.30pm
CONCURRENT SESSIONS 5-8
Concurrent Session 5 : Fungal t a x o n o m y a n d evolution
Chair: Or Brett
Summerell
Location: Stewart 2
Oral papers
4.00pm
34.
Evolutionary relationships among Phytophthora
species deduced from r D N A sequence
analysis
Crawford, A.R., Bassam, B.J., Drenlh, A , Maclean,
4.13pm
35.
maculans
Plummer, K., and Howlett,
36.
J.A.C.
Major chromosomal rearrangements occur during meiosis in the Ascomycetous fungus,
Leptosphaeria
4.26pm
D.j., and Irwin,
B.
Characterisation of the Colletotrichum
t
i
i
f
species causing dieback of Lupinus arboreus (tree
5
E
lupin) in N e w Zealand
Howarth,
4.39pm
37.
A.F., Johnston, P.R., Pearson, M.N., and Dick, M.
Odongo, J., Godwin,
4.52pm
38.
39.
40.
G.C., and Carting,
D.E.
The rust fungi of N e w Zealand
McKenzie,
3.18pm
I., and Aitken, E.
Vegetatively compatible populations within R. solani A C - 8
MacNish,
5.05pm
\
Reproducibility of RAPD analysis: Ideality vs Reality
E.H.C.
Revision of Erysiphales (powdery mildew fungi) in Australia, and reassessment of the
classification of anamorphic mildews
Pascoe, I., and Sivapalan,
A.
Concurrent Session 6: Field and f l o w e r crops
Chair: Or Chris Hale
Location: Hilgendorf 5
Oral papers
4.00pm
41.
Bacterial blight in coriander
4.13pm
42.
Detection of fumonisims in Australian maize and toxigenicity of Australian cultures of
Dennis, J., Cooden,
J., Ramsey, M., and Hayward,
('.
Fusarium section t iseola
Burgess, L.W., Bryden, W.L., Salahifar, H., and Van Wei, PW.
4.2(>pm
43.
Regulation of water relations for the post harvest control of Botrytis on cut flowers
Joyce, O., Wearing, A., Taylor, M., and Alam, S.
4.39pm
44.
Influence of fungi and environmental conditions on flower abscission in harvested Ceraldton
waxflower
Taylor, M , Joyce, D., Wearing, A., and Simons, D.
4.52pm
45.
I he c ause o l petal spot in c alia lilies {Zantedeschia
Knight, K.W.I.., Braithwaitv,
5.05pm
1
Concurrent Session 7 : Veg
Chair: Or Bob Fullerton
Location: Hilgendorf 4
Oral papers
4.00pm
48.
!
!
An
Ald
4.1 3pm
49.
4.26pm
50.
An
Ald
Effe
Bra
Braa
4.39pm
51.
Con
4.52pm
52.
Effe
5.05pm
53.
Asp
Wic
Pan
jasp
5.18pm
54.
A sc
cau
Che
Concurrent Session 8: Dise
Chair: Professor lames
Dale
Location: Stewart 1
Oral papers
4.00pm
55.
Phy
Elad
4.1 3pm
56.
A st
poly
Ram
Mc
4.26pm
57.
Ind
Reg
4.39pm
58.
Iden
in p
Vilj
4.52pm
59.
5.05pm
60.
Res
Ram
Res
Scu
5.18pm
D.l.
yellow leaf phytoplasma (MIC)} by Sequence
Analysis
Helling. I., Andersen, At.. (iardnvi. R. and I urslei. R.
'. Ili|irn
i
l
i
I
i
I
i
f i
E !
sp.)
M., Herher. R., and Saville,
Phylogenelic c lassitic ation ot Phorniium
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
I
1
i
I
61.
I
F.nz
tul
Cro
530-6.30pm
APPS Ann
6. JO-?rttTpTTi J
,Wine pro
( In lnd diseases in t^ui-i-lisl.ind
Ogle. HI., (.imanloik,
III I . and Iriguvm. I.
730pm
'
Informal
I I
I j
I i
I i
I i
"fy*
Tuesday 29 August
9.00-10.30am
Hort+Research Symposium on Plant Disease Management
Chair: Associate Professor (ohn Brown
•
Location: Stewart 1
^
9.00am
62.
9.30am
63.
Evaluation of the contribution of farming studies to plant disease management
10.00am
64.
Progress in phosphcnate research
10.30am
Morning Tea
The basic reproductive rate: a unifying parameter for piant disease management
teller, MJ.
Van Bruggen, A.
Guest, D.
11.00-12.30pm
CONCURRENT SESSIONS 9-12
l^iU,
Drenth
p
^ - ^
Location: Stewart 2
!•.,-
Oral papers
11.00am
65.
r-Wlr,.
u
11.13am
66.
11.26am
A
..4
67.
|\Va<cA
11.39am
Population genetics studies of Mycospbaerelia
Hayden, HI.,
spp. infecting bananas
Pegg, K.G., Aitken, E.A.B., and Irwin,
j.A.G.
Variation between isolates of sugarcane bacilliform virus ftc p t
Braithwaite, K., Cambley, C, Egeskov, N., and Smith, G. Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum
69.
12.05pm
70.
Characterization of Uncinula
:
'
t
1
^ ~'
C <" ^
f-
[Diagnosis of Burkholdcria (Pseudomonas) solanacearum
primers and polymerase chain reaction
Taghavi, M., Fegan, M.. Sly, 1.1., and Hayward, A.C.
• \
<•/
Lc
phaseolina
^.J.^li—
ftJA^.J-?
and relaled bacteria w i t h specific
\j (.\
f ) ^ / (W<.*o
—-*
—-• -
Identification of potato cyst nematode pathotypes by high performance capillary
Hinch, J,, Atherdi,
J
\
E.A.B.
electrophoresis
0 ; 'i
r-
necator, the grapevine powdery m i l d e w fungus -
Evans, K.}., Whisson, D.L., and Scott, E.S.
12.18pm
-,
populations affecting sunflower fields in South East Queensland
Elcins, M.G., Coulter, K.C., Kohn, L.M., and Aitken,
68. Genotypic diversity among Australian isolates of Macrophomina
| V N t . W , J . Fuhlbohm, M.I., Aitken, E.A.B., and Ryley, M.J.
11.52am
Chair: Mr Gerry Brown
Location: Hilgendorf 5
Oral papers
11.00am
72.
C
Lo
11.1 3am
73.
B
Lo
11.26am
74.
C
W
11.39am
75.
F., Woodward,
I., Smith, S., and Evans, K.
(
f(7
A
bu
Po
\
Concurrent Session 9 : G e n e t i c variation in pathogens
Chair: Dr Andre
i
\
i
\
1
\
i
i i
Concurrent Session 1 0 : C
11.52pm
76.
C
1 2.05pm
77.
C
12.18pm
78.
Ef
Ka
W
N
Pa
Concurrent Session 1 1 : I
Chair: Dr Helen
Ogle
Location: Hilgendorf 4
i
i
i
i
f
E
E
i
i
H
~
Oral papers
11.00am
79.
B
of
1
1
I
1
1
1
i
Pe
11.13am
80.
Sa
bu
Fo
11.26am
81.
Le
P
H
11.39am
82.
B
w
H
11.52pm
83.
Ec
12.05pm
84.
S
B
c
H
12.18pm
85.
A
G
4.30-6.00pm
Concurrent Session 1 2 : Soil-borne diseases of cereals and their control
Chair: Dr Gordon
MacNish
Concurrent Session 1 3 : E
Location: Stewart 1
Oral papers
11.00am
86.
Perpetuation of the fungus Caeumannomyces
grasses
Inwood,
11.1 3am
87.
C
graminis var tritici on crowns of pasture
Chair: Dr Chris Hayward
Location: Hilgendorf 4
Oral papers
RJ., Roget, D.K., and Rnvira,
A.D.
Biological control of the take-all disease of wheat by Pseudomonas
Mayudu, M., Groom, K.A.E., Turnbull, K., Fernance, J., Murphy,
4.30pm
99.
4.43pm
100. Su
bacteria
T., Wong. P.T.W.,
and Ash, J.
11 .26am
88.
U
Ability of the lumbricid earthworm Aporrectodea
Stephens, P.M., and Davoren,
89.
Sc
trapezoides to reduce the disease severity
of rhizoctonia bare-patch and take-all and increase wheat grain yield in the field
11.39am
Pl
W
4.56pm
1 0 1 . Pr
C.W.
D
Decline of root rot in wheat cause by Rhizoctonia
solani AG-8
5.09pm
102. N
103. Co
Roget, O.K.
La
11.52am
90.
Mechanisms of virulence of Rhizoctonia solani A G 8 strains
Zamani, M.R., Tommerup, I., and O'Brien, P.A.
5.22pm
12.03pm
91.
Molecular characterization and detection of Rhizoctonia
5,35pm
104. O
5.48pm
105. O
M
solani
Whisson, D.L., Balali, G.R., and Yang, H.
12.18pm
92.
12.30pm
Lunch and Poster Session 2
tLa
Biological suppression of rhizoctonia root rot of wheat
Wiseman, B.M., Neate, S.M.. Ophel, K.K., and Smith, S.E.
Jo
Concurrent Session 1 4 : P
2 . 0 0 p m Symposium 3 : M o l e c u l a r plant pathology
Chair: Dr Susan Flett
Location: Stewart I
Chair. Dr Robert Potter
Location: Stewart 1
2.00pm
93.
Molecular distinction of Pythium species pathogenic to sugarcane
Bassam, U.J., Hvelan, L.A.. Pegg, G.S., Irwin, A.G., Maclean,
D.J.
Oral papers
4.30pm
106. Th
4.43pm
107. Sp
4.56pm
108. Ph
5.09pm
109. M
D
2.20pm
94.
A genetic linkage map of Phytophthora sojae based on RAPD, RFLP and avirulence markers
2.35pm
95.
Genetic variation within F.oxysporum f.sp. cubense in banana analysed by D N A
Whisson, S.C., Drenth, A.. Maclean, D.J., Irwin,
I.A.G.
Lie
amplilicalion fingerprinting
Ty
Bentley. S.
2.50pm
%.
Molecular markers and plant pathogen populations: What are the most interesting
in
epidemiological questions?
Su
Kohn, /..AI.
3.1 Spin
97.
Modern appioai lies to improving our understanding of host plant and nematode parasite
5.22pm
110. Ge
5.35pm
111. Th
W
interac lions
t.rundler.
3.40pm
')<(.
fo
t so of monot lon.il antibodies for delec tion and quantific ation of fungal pathogens
/Vuei
4.115pm
/".AMA'.
Afternoon tea
/.At.. I'nestle\,
l\.\.
and Thornton,
Ca
CM,
5.4Mpm
I I 2. Ge
To
Concurrent Session 1 5 : Epidemiology and disease management
Chair: Dr Robert
Beresiord
Location: Stewart 2
8.45am
Daniel M
Oral papers
The ever
Location
4.30pm
113. Ecology and epidemiology of fire blight in New Zealand
Hale, C.N., Taylor, R.K., and Clark, R.G.
4.43pm
114. Applications of a computer model for predicting blossom infections by fire blight
4.56pm
115. Forecasting Alternaria
9.30-11.00am
Gouk, S.C., Bedford, R.)., and Hutchings,
S.O.
Location
brassicae and Mycopsphaerella
Kennedy, R., Graham, A.M., and Cullington,
brassicicola
in vegetable brassicas
5.22pm
117. Field testing of an infection model for targeting sprays to manage Botrytis bunch rot of
5.35pm
126. Pro
10.00am
127. Pro
10.30am
128. Th
De
11.00am
Morning
Ste
116. Infection period-responsive spraying fordisease management in Hawke's Bay, N e w Zealand
grapes
Balasubramaniam,
9.30am
I.E.
5.09pm
Tate, K.G., Wood, P.N., andManktelow,
AgResea
Chair: Pr
D.W.
Au
R., Foley, L., Moore, T., and Kloosterman,
P.
118. Preliminary survey of the distribution of phytoplasma associated with Australian grapevine
yellows
Bonfiglioli,
R.G., Schlielert, L.K., Gibson, RJ., Magarey, P.A., Wachtel, M.F., Gibb, K.S..
and Symons, R.H.
5.48pm
119. Managing the foliage diseases of grapevines in Australia
11.30-1.00pm
CO
Concurrent Session 1 7 : B
Emmett, R.W., Magarey, P.A., Wicks, T.J., Nair, N.G., and Wachtel, M.F.
Chair: Dr Bruce
Auld
Location: Stewart
Concurrent Session 16: Nematodes
Oral papers
11.30am
129.
11.43am
130.
11.56am
131.
12.09pm
132.
12.22pm
133.
12.35pm
134.
12.48pm
135.
Chair: Dr Rob Brown
Location: Hilgendorf 5
Oral papers
4.30pm
1 20. Interaction of the root lesion nematodes Pratylenchus
thornei and Pratylenchus
w i t h the root rotting fungi, Microdochium
bolleyi and Fusarium acuminatum
Nicol, j.M., Taheri. A.M., Davies, K.A., and Fisher, j.M.
4.43pm
neglectus
on wheat
1 2 1 . Field yield reductions caused by the root lesion nematode, P. thornei on wheat in South
Australia
Nicol, j.M., Fisher, j.M.. Hancock,
4.56pm
T., and Davies,
K.A.
122. Phytoparasitic nematodes of New Zealand pastures
Mercer, C.F, and Watson, R.N.
5.09pm
123. Predation by Allodorylaimus
americanus and Discolaimus
silvicolus
on plant parasitic
nematodes
Bilgrami,
5.22pm
A.L.
I 24. Dilophospora
alopecuri and biocontrol of the nematode and bacterium responsible for
annual ryegrass toxicity
Riley, 1.1.
5.35pm
1 25. A new spec ies of ncmatode-trapping fungus capturing nematodes with adhesive knobs
and rings
/(/c/l. / . A l „ Aitkrn
4
•
; (Opin
I A It.. .iiul Stirling. G.R
. • • • ' . •
l onferim e liaii(|url - Theme : Al'PS IN ALPS
1 oi .ition ! im oln I ImvriMtv t Imon Building
Concurrent Session 1 8 : Epidemiology and disease control
C o n c u r r e n t Session 2 0 : Sub
Chair: Dr Terry Price
Location: Stewart 2
Chair: Dr Chris Hayward
Location: Hilgendorf 5
Oral papers
Oral papers
11.30am
11.30am
136. Climatic analysis of the distribution of soil fungi and soil borne diseases
Backhouse, D., and Burgess, L.W.
11 -43am
11.56am
137. Effect of temperature, duration of leaf wetness and inoculum concentration on the severity
of ascochyta blight in field peas cv. Dundale
Bretag, T.W.
12.09pm
I.
139. A comparison of the field disease cycle of Puccinia menthaeon
150. The
dom
Gos
11.56am
1 5 1 . Phyt
Cibb
12.09pm
152. Tran
dise
Brum
12.22pm
153. A su
Gan
12.35pm
154. Und
V" .
Full
12.48pm
155. Det
S|:>ec
Gill
1.01pm
156. M o
Gill
1.00-2.00pm
Lunch
Todd Mitcham peppermint
and on Scotch spearmint
Edwards, I., Parberry, D.C., Halloran,
G.M., and Pang, E.
12.22pm'
140. Ecological zonation of plant diseases and its application in pest risk analysis
Chandrashekar, M.
12.35pm
1 4 1 . Epidemiology of hop red root rot and strategies for control
Maher, PA., Porter, I.J., Lawrie, A.C., and Leggett, C.
12.48pm
U.43am
138. Development of commercial control strategies for white rot of onions in Tasmania
Macleod,
142. Development of a regional forecasting system for lettuce d o w n y m i l d e w
Van Bruggen, A.H.C.. Sc.herm, H.W., Pennings,
G.G.
Concurrent Session 1 9 : Tree diseases
Chair: Dr Margaret
Dick
Location: Hilgendorf 4
Oral papers
11.30am
143. Root diseases of trees caused by higher fungi in Queensland and N e w Zealand
11.56am
144. The biologic al i ontrol of sapslain of Pinus radiata w i t h microorganisms
12.09am
145. Stand ago is a major determinant of < anker intensity in Banksia coccinea stands
12.22pm
146. H o w imj>orlanl is the |iosition of root damage in jarrah?
!2.'15|jm
147. J ores! |jalbol(ij',y Hi I.ism.una
12.48pm
1 48. Effect ot Ali-c osphaerella
Hood, I.
Kay, S.I., Stewart, A., and Hill, R.A.
Bathgate, I.A., and Shearer,
lit.
Davison. I .M.
Mohammed,
( ./., and Wanllaw,
T.I.
leaf disease on growth of Eucalyptus globulus and genetic variation
in susceptibility to infection
Caiiifgie.
-\.l.. /V/i's I'.K., and kcanc.
I'l
149. The
the c
Nas
Poster Session 4: Disease
1 72.
1 73.
Poster Session 1 : Disease control in
157.
Phytophthora
Resistance to silverl
6us, V.G.. Spiers. A.
Strategies for applying phosphorous acid to protect and cure peach and apple tress of phytophthora
Lim, T.M., andlerie,
158.
Armed and Dangero
Ferrar, P.H.
Location: Gillespie Hall
1 74.
P.H.
Expression of a prot
Charity, J.,
Curative treatment of phytophthora root rot in kiwifruit by stem injection with phosphorous acid
1 75.
Lim, T.M,
Biltisnich
Components of part
Boland, R.M., Chak
Poster Session 2 : Virus diseases
Poster Session 5: Fungal
159.
176.
Some characteristics of a pathotype 4 isolate of pea seed-borne mosaic virus from South Australia
Mi, A., and Randies,
160.
I.W.
Parkes, S.L., and Be
RT-PCR amplification of RNA from sugarcane w i t h yellow leaf syndrome using luteovirus group-specific
primers
Smith, C.R., Eraser, T.A., Braithwaite,
161.
Mycelial incompatib
K.S., and Harding,
1 77.
Vegetative incompat
Hawthorne, BX. and
178.
New genetic marker
R.M.
Studies on the etiology of sugarcane striate mosaic disease
Weeds, PL., Beever,
Choi, Y.C., and Randies, ).W.
162.
Handley, I.A., Smith, G.R., Harding,
163.
1 79.
A comparison of vir
Chakraborty, S.. Perr
180.
r D N A sequence in r
Variation in the coat protein coding region of sugarcane mosaic virus
R.M.. and Dale, I I .
Influence of phytohormones on the replication of white clover mosaic virus (WCIMV) in Phaseolus
vulgaris
lohnslon,
P.P., Jones
Clarke, S.F., Guy, P.L., and lameson, I'.E.
181.
164.
Some properties of the cytoplasmic inclusion protein of ryegrass mosaic potyvirus
Characterisation of F
Summerell,
B.A., Ru
lister, R.A., Eagles, R.M., Guy, P.L., and Forster, R.L.S.
182.
165.
Effect of reflective mulching on the control of virus vectors in iris and tulip
Wilson, C, and Stroman,
Sangalang, A.F., Sum
M.
183.
166.
PCR protocols for La France disease of mushrooms
Giles, R., lohansen,
Transformation of Tr
Dyer, S.K., Harvey, P
G., Revill, P., and Moran, I.
184.
167.
Characterisation of F
PCR protocols for potato spindle tuber and chrysanthemum stunt viroids
Constable, F„ Davidson, A., Giliings,
The role of secreted
Plummet, K., lack, S
M.. and Moran, /.
1 85.
The pectin lyase B fr
Templeton, M.D., Le
Poster Session 3 : Fruit and vine pathology
168.
Poster Session 6: Field an
Bacterial endophytes of Vitis vinit'era cv. Semillon
Stephens. P.M., and Davoren,
C.W.
186.
It)'l.
1 lie effect ut l i n i n g on k i w i l i u i l i hitinascs
Warms, K., Long. P., Greenwood, I)., liancsh
Pelhybridgi:
S., antl Shartn
17 1
I iowny m i l d e w ft'eionospoia
ruin) in inn mpmpagaled Rubus t am- hulls
Hieese W.A.. Williamson,
and Shallot U ' I
li
K.I-;,
Pooh:
PR
and
Ward,
I 8ft.
leiuglio
>./. ami Memman
Ihamnia
I icld moil holing of
II)..
Herm
III:
Alternatives lo soil ilisiiilest.ilinn with melliN I bio
Poilei. I I
7.V..
Neither,
I 89.
17l.i
Detec lion ot a potyv
I'lici:
Pixlharvest lic.llnii'iil ol k i w i l i u i l to i cmtml botiylis ml
Wliitnion:
S., and
k, K.
1 87.
1 70.
Pathogenic fungi ass
PR
If in I lie sli.iwbeuy HIIIIII'I anil tiuil indusliv
A survey of mosaic v
llehhei.
It'.,
and Ir
190.
Pseudomonas syringaepv. syringae causes wart-like eruptions on fruit of buttercup squash [Cucurbita
Sharrock, K.R., Hawthorne, B.T., and Young, j.M.
191.
Penetration and invasion of hypocotyl tissue of Curcurbita
ReesGeorge. I., and Hawthorne, B.J.
maxima)
I
i
i
maxima D. ' C r o w n ' seedlings by F. solani
Poster Session 7: Vegetables
192.
Chemical and biological control of Rbizoctonia
solani on potato seed tubers
£
Wicks. T.I., Morgan, B.. and Hall, B.
193.
In vitro evaluation of Indian mustard as a control for Rhizoctonia
solani on potatoes
•
Wicks, TJ.. Morgan, 8., and Hall, B.
™
194.
Phosphonic acid fails to control powdery scab and black scurf of potatoes
195.
Integrated management of early and late potato blights
Wicks. T.I.. and Hall. B.
Wicks, 1.1., Liyanage, A. de S., Hall, B., Catsipordas, A., and Palmer, C.
196.
Verticillium
higuttalum
in South Australia
Hall, B., Morgan, B., and Thrum, R.
197.
Rhizoctonia
disease of potato in South Australia
Balali, C.R.. Neate, S.M.. Scott, E.S.. Whisson, D.L. and Wicks, TJ.
198.
Detection of benzimidazole resistance in isolates oiMonilochaetes
Broadhurst,
199.
infuscans (Scurf) from Kumara in Northland
P.C.
i
i
i
i
•
Spatial dynamics ot dark leaf spot of Chinese cabbage
Chen, L.Y.. and Price, TV.
200.
Detection or powdery sc ah tSpongospora subterranea) from potato tubers with PCR based detection systems
Bulman, S.. and Marshall,
201.
I.
The effect of four pathogens of potato on dry matter production
Shah, F.A., Gaunt, R.T.. Stewart, A., and Marshall,
202.
Fusarium drv rot in potatoes and its control in Tasmania
Liyanage, A.. Aldaoud,
203.
R., Macleod,
I.. Green, B., Beattie, B., and Murdoch,
L.
An epidemic of bacterial blight in Australian peas
Goodon I., and Rishuorth
204.
\.W.
Control of Aphanomyces
Walter M.. Ftampton,
I.
euteiches pea root rot by composts
C, and McKenzie,
F.
The expression o! resist.nice lo DijporlhtShjnkttr, A1. Cowlinii,
toxica in narrow-leafed lupins
W.A , .ttnf Swt't'tinghjm,
M.W.
U ii-r it i lit alien m |ir.i- i/V-uni s.itnum
I.I w i t h icsistame lo a s u u h y t a blight {Myi ospheiclhi
Russell. - U
la.uhlen
I >..s. Aimstiong.
.S.O.. Krait, I.K., and Dunne. IS.
Indut tion i il i<•>,!',l.iin i milii alois in kiwitlull by salic ylic at id and other elicilors
I'oole
I'R
R,-.\lmski
I
Whitakei
(.
.mil Whitman:
K.
pinodes)
in
Poster Session 9: G e n e t i
209.
Detection and strai
Davis, R., Radovan,
i
i
i
i
210.
Genetic variation in
Balali, G.R., Scott, E
211.
Cenotypic Diversity
Engel, B.C.,
212.
Aitken,
Genetic diversity in
Scheper, R.W.A., Sc
213.
Variation and stabil
Shankar. M., Cowlin
214.
Pathogenicity studie
Lindbeck, K.D., Ash
!
Poster Session 1 0 : C h e m
i
i
I
I
i
i
215.
s
sIi
Persistence of pestic
MacGregor,
A., Wiq
Johnstone, R.
216.
Control of silverleaf
Urn, T.M.
21 7.
Chemical preventio
Ou-en. KJ.
218.
Oils-New soft fungic
Wicks, 1,
219.
McLachla
Synertrol Grape®:A
Azam, M.G.N.,
Gur
220.
Calcium cyanamide
Cheah, L.H.
221.
Calcium cyanamide
cucumber
!
•
Chocolate spot resistance in taba beans
Ramse\ At P.mil. /,, and Knight. R.
Southland. New Zealand
I
i
i
f i
Poster Session 8: Disease resistance II
205.
i
i
i
i
I
i
Bourbos. V.A., Skou
222.
Chemical control of
Azmi.A.R.
223.
SCALA, a new IJotry
Winter, F.H., and Sm
Poster Session 1 1 : I n o c u l u m
224.
Ascospores as primary inoculum of Phaeosphaeria spp. in Western Australia
Bathgate, I.A., and Loughman,
225.
The infection of wheat hy Didymella
Mace, MA.,
226.
R.
exitialis
Cromey, M.C., and Cole, A.L.I.
Using potter tower to inoculate tomato stems w i t h Botrytis
cinerea
Cook, D.IV.A1, and Long, P.G.
227.
Infection of broccoli by Peronospora
violae
Smith, P.A. and Price, TV.
228.
Effect of high pH on germination and infection hypha formation of conidia of Ventnria
Pung. S.H., Wong, I.A.L., Say. AT, and Williams,
229.
inaequalis
W.C.
Primary sources of fungal inoculum causing postharvest diseases of longan {Dimocarpus
longan
Lour.
Sapindaceael
Sardsud, V.. Sardsud, IT, Sittigul, C, Chantrasri, P., and Prom-in, S.
Poster Session 1 2 : Soil-borne diseases of cereals and their control
230.
Pseudomonas bacterial colonization of wheat roots
Groom, K.A.E.. Coydvch,
231.
W., and Nayudu,
Pseudomonas exopolysacchardies play an important role in bacterial biological control protection of the
take-all fungus
Groom. K.A.F., and Nayudu,
232.
M.
M.
Bioluminescence (using luciferase or lux) a unique and cheap marker for detecting soil [Pseudomonas) bacteria
Nayudu, At., Murphy
T, Wong, P.T.W., and Ash, ) .
233.
Designing a specific PCR primer for identification of a Pseudomonas biological control bacteria.
234.
The prec ise role of antibiosis in Pseudomonas
Nayudu, At., and Tyler, B.
bacteria's biological control protection against the lake-all
fungus
Turnhull. K., and Nayudu,
235.
At
Suppression of take-all of wheat by Pseudomonas corrugata strain 2140 by the production of water-soluble
antibiotics
K'oss, I.L., and Rydei, AT/-/.
236.
Pathogenicity of root colonising Fusarium spp. against various pasture species
Waipara,
237.
N.W.
Warren. R A., and Neate, S.M., and Rovira.
2 l'i
Assessing diversity in soil fungi
W.ii/Jirmse. / ) . Hinges*. I.W.. Sumnterell,
Effect of temperature
Saremi, H., Backhou
242.
Control of crown rot
Burgess, L.W., Backh
Poster Session 1 3 : Educat
243.
244.
ISA., and Coll, R.I'.
K\dei
At
lenaie
I . K'm na. A., and lang. W
lul'Lien- f. ut soil uioistuir nn pmgiess ol inlet tion of wheal by Fusarium graminearum
Sn.iu, /.. ,uid ISuigr-,;, I TV
Group 1
Australasian Plant Pa
Dodman, R.L.
The impact of the C M
Alberts,
f.
Poster Session 1 4 :
l
I
1
Phytop
245.
Reactive oxygen gene
and Nicotiana
Perrone, S., and Gue
246.
Detection of fungal p
Farbey, AT.,
247.
Dobrowo
Comparison of two m
clover
Flett, S.P., Cuppy,
248.
W
Race-cultivar specifi
Purwantara, A., Flett
Poster Session 15: Epidem
249.
Evaluation of new an
Cross, 5., Porter, I., F
250.
Control of d o w n y m
Minchinton,
251.
252.
F., Meb
PCR-based techniqu
Guildford,
P., Clark,
Assessment of the en
Lupton, /.,
253.
Chakrabo
Sensor effects in the
Henshall,
!
AD.
t onliol ol wheal iml diseases anil seedling growl 11 pn in Kit ion by root assoc ialed bacteria
San./
241)
241.
The effect of the herbic ide Metsulfuron Methyl on cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) on wheat in two
soil types
23b
i
i
1
i
I
i
i
i
1
1
1
I
i
1
i
W.R., Spin
254.
Quantitative assessm
Tucker, C.C., Chakra
255.
A disease warning p
dv Km k, I'l., and Po
256.
Pcstdec i d e - A decisi
Penrose, I..I., Fhwait
257
Mic roc limale variatio
Penrose, II.,
and N
Poster Session 1 6 : N e m a t o d e s
258.
Distribution of nematodes in white clover in Australia
McLeish. L., Berg, C. Hinch. I.. Namhiar, L., and Norton,
259.
M.
Pathogenicity of stem nematode {Ditylenchus dipsaci] and development of screening techniques for use in
lucerne [Medicago satha) improvement in Australia
C'eonvaras, PA.. Pourbeik,
T., and Auricht,
C.C.
I
i
i
Poster Session U l : Epide
J~h.
2".
•
LJ
... n i i
D~
- o r
D
u \i
r,.~.„. D i e
Howitt,
R.L.I.. Beever,
R.E., Pearson,
M.N.,
and I Forster,
R.L.S.
^
A leaf disc, assay to identify drought tolerant microbial antagonists to control grape bunch rot [Botrvtis
cinereai
Zapp, I., Slew-art, A., and Elmer, P.
theobromae
262.
Control of stem end rot {iasiodiplodia
263.
Biological control of onion white rot using fungal antagonists and soil solarisation
(Pat.) Griff. Maubl.) of mango w i t h yeasts
M.
McLean, K., and Stewart, A.
264.
Protection against armillaria root rot of kiwifrut by injection w i t h
Trichoderma
Hunt. IS., and Gale. D.S.I.
265.
Hyphal interactions between binucleate Rhizoctonia
and the plant pathogen, Pythium
ultimum
Sii\ek. K., Harris, A.R . anil Sunt, E.S.
266.
Postharvest biological control of Botrytis storage rot of beans w i t h yeasts
t h e a h , L.H., and Marshall,
267.
A.P.
Control of Botrytis cinerea on table grape w i t h Trichosporon pulliunans
isolated from grape berries
Holz, C. Schmidt, L., and Ferreira. I.H.S
268.
Pathogenicity of Phoma sp. and Phomopsis sp. on saffron thistle ICarthanuis
Crump, N.S.. Ash. C.I.. and Nikandron,
269.
The effect of Rhynchosporium
lanatus L.)
A.
alismatis on seed production of Damasonium
27*-).
Management of vira
280.
Epidemiology and co
lutection process ot Colletotrichum
Morin,
271.
gloeosporiodies
Seasonal integration of the lite-cycles of Phragmidium
Weinert, M.. Chakraborty,
27.I.
violaceum
and blackberry in New Zealand
274.
for biological control of Mimosa
pigra
B.
fls.l.
A mechanism ot antagonism ul 3'c lerotium
Metcall.
275.
mimosae-pigrae
S., Forno, IV'., and Hennecke,
Control of dead arm disease in grapes with FrU hodertua
Hunt. IS., and Gale,
DA..
Sclerotinia
Zealand
Mivitf, IA.I..
sclerotiorum,
i
Alunting
W.S., a
Poster Session 1 9 : Tree d
28!.
Fire reduces levels o
Bathgate, LA., and S
282.
Use of molecular bio
Madan, R., Lawrie, A
28 i.
Antagonism of Rhizoc
isolates
Lacey, M.J... and Line
284.
Chestnut quality and
Washington,
281.
W.S., C
Incidence and econo
Pascoe, L, Ziehrl,
28b.
A.,
The effect of fertiliser
globulus
Carnegie, AJ., Ades,
t. sp. malvae on Malvaceae weeds
I., Derh\, /./.., and Kokko, E.C.
Field evaluation of Phloeospora
t
Washington,
!
Pay, I.M., Dinoor, A., ami Gaunt, R.E.
272.
I
I
I
I
I
Hassan, S.,
minus
Fox. K.M., Ash. C.I.. and Collier, E.I.
270.
Ciing
A low cost weather s
Alagarey, P. A., West
Analysis of mycoviruses in (he plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea
Sangchote, S.. and Saengkhew,
F;fleet ot grapevine c
2 78.
Poster Session 1 7 : Biological control of pathogens and weeds
261.
R.W., AUg
(S.l.
Lmmett, KM'.,
\
260.
Reuui lion ol the im
ummt'tt.
t epivorum
by Trichoderma
Wilson, C.K.. and Cruickshank,
a potential mvi oherbicide for Ranunculus
Green. V, held. /v. Gaunt. R., Houidot. (,.. .mil hlaney, I.
koningii
in onion roots
R.
at r/\ a perennial pasture weed in New
E
i
i
i
S
S
Poster Session 2 0 : Subtrop
287.
Techniques for histop
Pearson, S.L, Chakrab