The camera
• Light can be reflected (bounced
from an object)
• Light can be refracted (the course
being changed).
• Refracted light is bounced in all
directions, depending on the
surface it hits.
Pin Hole camera
Modern Cameras
Exposure
…ensure that enough light hits the
sensor of the camera for just the right
time.
• The size of the lens opening or
aperture.
• The time duration of the light on
the sensor or Shutter speed.
• The sensitivity of the sensor to
light expressed as ISO.
Aperture (lens
opening) at different fstops.
f/5.6 is exactly double
that of f/8. Or f/16 is
exactly half of f/11.
Note that the higher
numbers denote smaller
apertures. (f/2.8 has a larger
lens opening than f/4) .
SHUTTER SPEED and
APERTURE work co-dependently
of one another. Under normal
circumstances: The larger the
aperture (smaller f-stop) the faster
the shutter speed.
Over exposed
Correctly
exposed
DEPTH OF FIELD
(DOF)
Large DOF High fstop
Less is more
Shutter Speed
0”5 is 0.5 sec; 0”8 is 0.8 sec; 5” is 5 sec, 200 is
200th sec.
0-5 is 0.5 sec, 0-8 is 0.8 sec, 5” is 5 sec, 200 is
200th sec.
Dim light Large
aperture
Average Medium
light
aperture
Bright
Small
light
aperture
Low numbers
(f2.8 of f4)
Middle numbers
(f8 of f11)
High
numbers(f16 of
f22)
Dim light Slow
Large fractions
shutterspee 1/15 or 1/30
Average Medium
d
sec.
Middle
light
shutterspee fractions 1/125
d
or 1/250 sec
Bright
light
Fast
shutterspee
d
Small DOF
Average
DOF
Large DOF
To blur
movement
Freeze
everything
except fast
movement
Small fractions To freeze all
1/500 or 1/1000 movement
BASIC ZONE
MODES
AV
Aperture Priority
A
TV
Shutter Priority
S
M
Manual
M
Centre weighted metering
Evaluative (Matrix) metering
Spot metering
Partial metering
Centre weighted metering
Evaluative (Matrix) metering
Spot metering
Partial metering
Centre weighted metering
Evaluative (Matrix) metering
Spot metering
Partial metering
Centre weighted metering
Evaluative (Matrix) metering
Spot metering
Partial metering
Centre weighted metering
Evaluative (Matrix) metering
Spot metering
Partial metering
ISO (International Organisation for
Standardisation.)
RAW vs Jpg
•Only shoot at the highest quality
•Only in creative zones and manual