January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
Areas for TV whitespace standardization
IEEE 802 ECSG on TV Whitespace
Authors:
Name
Company Address
Matthew BAE
Sherman Systems
Wayne, NJ
Date: 2009-01-21
Phone
Email
973-633-6344
Matthew.sherman@baesyste
ms.com
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>
Submission
Slide 1
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
Abstract
• This presentation considers what standards would be useful for
TV white space systems
• It reviews what standardization and related activities already
exist
• It recommends additional standardization activities within
IEEE 802
• It recommends fostering additional standardization activities
outside of IEEE 802
Submission
Slide 2
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
What is a cognitive radio?
• Definition depends on who you ask
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Dr. Joseph Mitola III first coined the term
FCC has definition
ITU has definition
SDR forum defines
IEEE USA defines
IEEE P1900.1 defines differently
IEEE 802.22 doesn’t define…
• For argument sake use FCC definition as
– paragraph 10 of the FCC 03-322 NPRM
– A radio that can change its transmitter parameters based on
interaction with the environment in which it operates
Submission
Slide 3
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
Focus today is dynamic spectrum access (DSA) for
Whitespace
• CR activities today fall
short of original
definition
• Focus is on dynamic
spectrum access
– Critical need exists to
optimize spectrum usage
– First application of CR
concepts
• Radios practicing DSA
are available today!
White
space
(Test conducted in the rural sector west of Ottawa,
Canada)*
*- C. R. Stevenson, G. Chouinard, W. Caldwell,Tutorial on the P802.22.2 PAR for :“Recommended
Practice for the Installation and Deployment of IEEE 802.22 Systems,” IEEE802, San Diego, CA, 7/17/06
http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/802_tutorials/july06/Rec-Practice_802.22_Tutorial.ppt
Submission
Slide 4
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
Is this definition broad enough?
• Today prefer to think in terms of ‘cognitive systems’
rather that ‘cognitive radio’
– Often the smarts aren’t in the radio
• Want to think ‘end-to-end’ for radio applications and
network management
– Define all cognitive mechanisms that make sense
• Don’t just limit to PHY and MAC
• Don’t limit to DSA
Submission
Slide 5
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
Cognitive Radio System
Local Resources
Remote Resources
Registration
Database
Reconfigurable
radio(s)
Configuration
Database
Policy
Database
Sensing
Learning
and
reasoning
Incumbent
Database
Submission
Slide 6
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
Regulatory bodies are requiring CR/DSA
technology
• The FCC released its R&O for TV Whitespace on
November 4, 2008 allowing unlicensed radio
transmitters to operate in the broadcast television
spectrum at locations where that spectrum is not being
used given they use CR / DSA capabilities
• Other regulatory bodies considering CR/DSA
–
–
–
–
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
European Radio Spectrum Policy Group (ERSPG)
U.K. Ofcom (consultation on DySPAN)
Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication (MIC)
Standards are required if CR/DSA technology is to
be applied in a multi-vendor environment!
Submission
Slide 7
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
Evolution of IEEE Cognitive Standards
Increasing levels of “Cognition”
Development
of standard
P1900.4
Cognitive radio
and
dynamic
spectrum
Access
Completion
of standard
Submission
802.11y
P1900.2
P1900.1
802.16h
802.22
802.15.4-2003
802.16a-2003
802.11h-2003
Dynamic
frequency selection
and power control
802.15.2-2003
802.16.2-2001
1995
...
Coexistence
802.16.2-2004
2000
2005
Slide 8
2010
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
Some relevant CR/DSA activities
(Aside from IEEE 802 and SCC 41)
•
Software Defined Radio Forum (SDR Forum)
–
–
–
–
•
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
–
–
•
Technical Committee on Reconfigurable Radio Systems (TC RRS)
http://www.etsi.org/WebSite/Standards/Standard.aspx
Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF)
–
–
•
Technical committee on cognitive radio
http://www.sdrforum.org/pages/committeesAndGroups/techCommittee.asp
Also goups on secondary spectrum access testing, meta-language for mobility work, and possibly security
http://www.sdrforum.org/pages/aboutTheForum/currentProjects.asp
WG6: Cognitive wireless networks and systems
http://www.wireless-world-research.org/index.php?id=95
International Telecommunications Union – Radio Sector (ITU-R)
–
–
–
ITU-R Working Parties (WP) 1B, 5A, 8A, and 8F (cellular and fixed)
http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/study-groups/docs/rwp5a-RESOLUTION%5bCOM6-18%5d.doc
http://www.itu.int/publ/R-QUE-SG05.241/en
•
IEEE Technical Committee on Cognitive Networks (TCCN)
– http://www.eecs.ucf.edu/tccn/
•
EU End to End Efficiency Project (E3)
–
•
https://ict-e3.eu/project/overview/overview.html
Institute of Electronics, Information, and Communications engineers (IEICE)
–
http://www.ieice.org/eng/index.html
Submission
Slide 9
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
CR/DSA activities impacting TV Whitespace*
Trade Associations
IEEE TCCN
Technical
Pubs
IEEE 802
802.11, 802.15,
802.16, 802.18,
802.19, 802.20,
802.21, 802.22
IEICE
WWRF
SDR Forum
COGNET
WG6
CRWG
White
Papers
ITU-R
WP 1B, 5A, …
ITU WRC
IEEE SCC41
ERSPG
1900.1, 1900.2,
1900.4, 1900.5,
1900.6
FCC Regulatory
MIC
OFCOM
ARIB
ETSI
Consensus
Standards
TC RRS
E3
Research Bodies
* Based on inputs from Joanna Juenin, Motorola
Submission
Slide 10
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
Applications
Submission
Slide 11
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
Applications
•
•
•
•
(From Use Case group)?
Fixed broadband access (rural)
Home Networking
Nomadic / Portable
– Meter reading
• Public Safety
Submission
Slide 12
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
Possible New 802 Whitespace Standards
• Alternate PHY for TV bands (802.11, 802.15)
• Cognitive Plane (802.11, 802.15, new WG?)
–
–
–
–
–
Security function
Policy interface
Geo-location Interface
Incumbent sensing
TVBD sensing
• Cognitive media handoff (802.21)
• End to End recommended Practice (802.11, 802.15,
802.16, 802.22)
• Common beaconing protocol (new WG?)
Submission
Slide 13
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
Work to be considered outside IEEE 802*
•
Policy languages
–
–
–
–
Used for describing what (cognitive) behaviors are permitted/desirable
802 should discuss whether P1900.5's charter & plans can meet their needs
What are requirements seen by 802's members for TV whitespace needs
More than a "policy interface" is needed
•
•
Database interaction protocols and languages
–
–
for registering and learning about emitters and behaviors
evolution to other services in the future, including spectrum brokering
•
•
known in the CR community as a "radio environment map"
Common beaconing protocol
–
–
–
Cognitive Pilot Channel work is already moving forward with one solution (ITU)
Can 802 leverage the CPC approach; particularly for personal portable devices
Also "beaconing" methods that don't involve over-the-air transmission,
•
•
more sophisticated/challenging than an API
e.g. registry in a local database
Coexistence and fair sharing protocols
–
Standards are needed to assure that all secondary users who are "here“ can coexistence and
share the resource fairly
•
–
–
e.g. ways of negotiating power levels, responding to interference that arises, allocating bandwidth
May or may not include common MAC/PHY for doing this over the air
Many involve work with other SDOs…
* Based on inputs from John Chapin, MIT
Submission
Slide 14
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems
January 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0
A key issue
• Can 802 move fast enough to address end-to-end
Whitespace standardization?
– Trade Organizations move faster?
– Entity vs Individual balloting?
Submission
Slide 15
Matthew Sherman, BAE Systems