Name: _____________________________________________________________Date: ________________Period: __________
DNA & Cell Cycle Test Review
Test Date: ___________________
The Components of DNA
For Questions 1–13, complete each statement by writing in the correct word or words. Words may be used more than once.
Adenine
Double helix
Nucleotides
Base
Double-ring
Phosphate
Chromosome
Genetic material
Purine
Cytosine
Guanine
Single-ring
Deoxyribose
Nucleic acids
Thymine
1. The building blocks of DNA are _______________________.
2. Nucleotides in DNA are made of three basic components: a sugar called _____________________, a ________________,
and a nitrogenous ________________.
3. DNA contains four kinds of nitrogenous bases: __________________, _______________, __________________, and
____________________.
4. In DNA, _________________ can be joined in any order.
5. In DNA, ________________________ always forms hydrogen bonds with guanine (G).
6. The sequence of ____________________________ carries the genetic information of an organism.
7. Chargaff’s rule states that the number of _________________ bases equals the number of pyrimidine bases in DNA.
8. The twisted ladder shape of DNA is called a ______________________________.
9. DNA is the ________________________________ of all organisms.
10. The pyrimidine bases have a __________________________ structure.
11. The purine bases have a __________________________ structure.
12. DNA and RNA are the two _________________________ found in living cells.
13. DNA supercoils to make up the structure known as a ______________________________.
Solving the Structure of DNA
Complete the table to describe each scientist’s contribution to solving the structure of DNA.
Scientist
Contribution
Erwin Chargaff
Rosalind Franklin
James Watson and Francis Crick
Complete the table by estimating the percentages of each based on Chargaff’s rules.
DNA sample
Percent of
adenine
1
31.5
2
3
Percent of
thymine
Percent of
guanine
30
20
Percent of
cytosine
17
The Double-Helix Model
On the lines provided, label the parts of the DNA molecule that correspond to the numbers in the diagram.
In the diagram below, the sequence of nucleotides has the code AGCT. Color the diagram using this key:
deoxyribose: red
adenine: yellow
guanine: orange
phosphate group: blue
cytosine: green
thymine: black
Match the description with the correct term.
___1.
Unwinds in multiple areas as DNA is
replicated
___2.
Parental strands separate and serve as
templates for new strands of DNA
___3.
The DNA of prokaryotes
___4.
Keep the strands of DNA separate during
replication
___5.
Elongates as DNA unwinds and is replicated
continuously
___6.
Unwinds the double helix
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Semiconservative replication
DNA helicase
Single-stranded binding proteins
Leading strand
Eukaryotic DNA
Circular DNA
Label the diagram below showing DNA replication. Use these choices:
DNA ligase
DNA polymerase
Leading strand
Okazaki fragments
Parental DNA
Vocabulary. Write the correct term next the definition.
Process of programmed cell death
Uncontrolled growth and division of cells; results from a failure of
cell cycle regulation
Substance known to cause cancer
Protein that binds to cyclin-dependent kinases to regulate the
activities of the cell cycle
Enzymes that are activated by cyclins and serve to regulate the
activities of the cell cycle
Unspecialized cells that have the potential to develop into
specialized cells
Summarize how cells regulate the cell cycle. Choose from the list of words to complete the paragraph.
*checkpoints
*cyclin-dependent kinases
*G2 stage
*cyclin/CDK
*cytokinesis
*mitosis
*cyclins
*G1 stage
* S stage
Cells use _____________ and _____________________ ______________ to control the cell cycle. Different
combinations of ___________________ start the cell cycle at different ____________________. The cell also uses
________________ to monitor the cycle for quality control. In _______________, the cell checks the DNA for damage. If there
is any damage, the cycle won’t proceed to _____________. In ______________, if the spindle apparatus is malfunctioning, the
cycle won’t proceed to ____________________.
Sequence the causes and effects of cancer by completing the sentences below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
___________________ is the uncontrolled growth and division of cells.
Cancer is the result of a _______________ in regulation of the cell cycle.
Cells lose control when genes that regulate the cell cycle are ________________________.
Cancer cells cause damage by crowding out normal cells, leading to __________________ ________________.
Identify four environmental factors that cause cancer.
1.______________________
3. ______________________
2.______________________
4. ______________________
Summarize information about apoptosis.
Apoptosis is
Organisms use apoptosis to
Two processes that use apoptosis:
Use the terms below to label the picture.
Anaphase
Metaphase
Centrioles
Microtubules
Centromere
Prophase
Chromosomes
Telophase
Interphase
Complete the cell cycle diagram by writing the correct name of a phase on each line. The follow the directions below to color
the diagram.
1. Color the phase in which most cell growth occurs blue.
2. Color the phase in which DNA replication occurs red.
3. Color the phase in which preparation for mitosis occurs yellow.
4. Color the phase in which mitosis and cytokinesis occur orange.
Short answer. Answer each question below in the space provided.
1. ______ daughter cells are created from mitosis and cytokinesis.
2. If a human cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell? _______
3. If a dog cell has 72 chromosomes, how many daughter cells will be created during a single cell cycle? _________
4. Cells  ________________  organs  ____________ ___________  organisms