Cleaner
Production
Based on a presentation by
Michael Planasch,
Graz University of Technology
BUP Teachers Conference
Rogow 17-21 May 2011
Graz University of Technology
Cleaner Production
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Cleaner Production
 The goal is to improve the eco-efficiency in companies
by implementation of technical or organisational
actions
 By reducing the negative effects to the environment
operating costs are reduced
 Cleaner Production works with process integrated –
preventive - methods instead of End-of-Pipe solutions
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Cleaner Production is good
not only for the environment
but also for the economy!
Of course!
You make products efficiently,
not pollutants - inefficiently
Graz University of Technology
Total wastewater costs decreased by water saving in a
textile company in Austria in 2005
Non Product Water Costs
Taking Depreciation,
Maintainance
and Personal Costs into
account: add factor 4-5!!!
100%
90%
Cost Percentage [%]
80%
70%
others
energy
chemicals
waste water
water
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
simple water costs
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
non product water costs
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Step one in CP is to reduce the amount of
resources used, in this case water
1. Start to monitor water use carefully
2. Install valves to close water when not used
3. Fix “low hanging fruits” (leaks etc)
4. Reuse of wastewater (down-classing of water)
5. Recirculation of cooling water after cooling
(closed cooling water system)
6. Recirculation of process water
(after specific purification)
7. Redesign of processes; specific steps include counter
current rinsing etc
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Step two is to separate
wastewater streams
Depends on kind of pollutant
Separate handling of different waste streams
Reduce volume of wastewater
Even out peaks by intermittent storing
Specific steps include specific chemical steps
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Examples for CP results
1.400.000
30,0
27,3
Frischwasser - Hl
1.200.000
25,0
prod. Hl Getränke
Hl/Hl prod. Getr.
1.000.000
20,0
18,3
800.000
15,0
10,7
600.000
9,6
400.000
8,6
7,2
7,0
7,0
6,9
6,7
10,0
7,0
6,2
5,9
5,5 5,5
5,0
200.000
HL
0
0,0
1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2000 2001
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
University
of Technology
Pulp and paper industry changedGraz
bleaching
chemistry
and decreased pollution dramatically
Pulp
nd
aper
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
5 Basic Principles of CP
 Input-Substitution
 Good Housekeeping
 Internal Recycling
 Technological Optimisation/Change
 Optimisation of the Product
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Input-Substitution
 Use of less hazardous raw-, auxiliary- or operating
materials
 Use of operating materials with a longer life-time
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Good Housekeeping
 Increasing the Material and Energy efficiency with
actions in the process. Try to fetch the „Low hanging
fruits“ first
 Reducing losses due to leakage
 Training of employees
 …
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Internal Recycling
 Closing of Material and Energy Loops (Water,
Solvents,…)
 Cascading of Material and Energy streams
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Technological Optimisation/Change
 Implementation of new technologies
 Improved process control
 Redesign of processes
 Change in or Substitution of hazardous processes
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Optimisation of the Product
 Increasing the life-time
 Easier reparing
 Easier demanufacturing, recycling or deposition
 Use of non-hazardous materials
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Environmental protection reduced air and water
pollution
• end-of-pipe – treatment
• recycling
• reuse
• incineration
• save disposal
1985
2000
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
2015
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Eco-efficiency, IPPC, CP
• good housekeeping
• waste minimization
• closing cycles
• energy efficiency
Cleaner Production
1985
2000
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
2015
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
The shift from continuous improvements to
redesign
1985
2000
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
2015
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
The paradigm shift in environmental protection
Meta-system optimization
System optimization
Sub-system optimization
Fighting symptoms
1985
2000
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
2015
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Mobility
why mobility
mix of transport technologies
3-liter car
catalyst
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
Paris 2010
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Graz University of Technology
London 2010
Institute for Resource Efficient
and Sustainable Systems
The Concept of Cleaner Production
June 30, 2006
Paris 2010
Thank you