The Leading Role of Cities:
The Frankfurt Energy Scenario
Gerhard Stryi-Hipp
Coordinator »Smart Energy Cities«
Head of Energy Policy
Fraunhofer Institute for
Solar Energy Systems ISE
Member of the
Seoul International Energy Advisory Council
„The German Energiewende and its impact
on cities and their hinterlands“
World Future Council
Headquarter of Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Metropolitan Solutions, Berlin, 22 May 2015
Local / Regional Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energies
REGION
CITY
Import/Export
Wind
PV
PV
Hydro
Hydro
PV
Electricity grid
Solar
heat
Geo
thermal
HP
gas
Bio gas
Wood
Bio gas
Wood
St
Heat
storage
seasonal
Elyz
H2
Meth
CO2
H2
Heat
demand
network
connected
Wood trading
CHP
St
HP
* el
Gas storage
seasonal
HP
gas
SH
Heat
demand
island
*
*
WS
St
Headquarter of Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany
Generator
Generator
Distributer / Grid operator
Demand type i
Heating type j
Location k
*
CHP
Gas network
Demand type i
Generation type j
Location k
SH
Heat network
Feeding in of H2
Solar
heat
Geo
thermal
Electricity
storage
short time
HP
el
CHP
Electricity
demand
Demand type i
Heating type j
Location k
Consumer
Heat generators with * are alternativ (one generator per building), others are
optional
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
HP el/gas = Heat pump electric / gas driven, CHP = Combined heat and power, WS = Wood stove, St = storage, SH = Solar heat, Elyz = Elektrolyzer, Meth = Methanation
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
Wind
Transformation strategy for urban energy systems
2. DATA gathering
1. Decision on
ENERGY TARGETS
Demand profiles
Supply potential
current and forecasts
3. Simulation of
ENERGY SYSTEM
SCENARIOS
Possible solutions
4. Assessment of
ENERGY SYSTEM
SCENARIOS
5. Decision on a
TARGET ENERGY
SYSTEM
6. Development of the
ENERGY ROADMAP
7. Monitoring concept
development
8. Decision on the
ENERGY MASTER
PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION
Process and targets
Actions by local government:
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Implementation plan
few lighthouse projects
many small projects
regular monitoring
Actions by research partner/consultant:
Way of proceeding
to develop the roadmap towards a sustainable urban energy system
Characteristics of sustainable urban
and regional energy systems:
• High efficiency
• High share of fluctuating generation
• Decentral generation
• High interdependency of electricity,
heating, cooling and mobility sectors
• Use of thermal and electrical stores
 Temporal highly resolved modelling
is needed to find the most costeffective target energy system
Way of proceeding:
1) Modelling target energy system 2050
Modelling
Energy
system
2014
Roadmap
robust, flexible
2) Roadmap development by backwarding
Backwarding
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Energy
system
2050
New modelling tool
to find the most economic sustainable energy system
Fraunhofer ISE developed the
modeling tool »KomMod« to calculate
optimized target energy systems for
cities and regions
 Temporal highly resolved simulation
of electricity, heat/cold, transport
Questions answered:
 Cost-effective design of the energy
system to achieve high share on
renewable energy sources
 Possible energy system structures
 Necessary capacities on generation,
grid and storage
 Necessary energy import/export to
the city/region
 Investment and operation costs
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Example: Electricity supply and
demand of one week in spring
How the city of Frankfurt/Main could be supplied by
95% renewable energy from the region by 2050
 The city of Frankfurt/Main aims to be supplied
by 100% renewable energy sources (RES)
from the region by 2050
 Fraunhofer ISE was asked to investigate,
if this is possible and if yes, how
 The energy system (electricity, heating,
cooling, local mobility) of Frankfurt/Main
was captured, assumptions were made for
energy demand and energy scenarios
simulated for the target year 2050
ENERGY STRATEGY
1.
Significant increase of efficiency
(in generation, CHP, demand)
Results
2.
 100% RES supply is possible, if the RES
potential of the region is used
Maximal use of
local renewable energy sources
3.
Energy cooperation with region
4.
Smart technologies: smart grid,
storage, electric vehicles,...
 95% regional RES is much more economic,
due to a lower storage capacity needed
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Structure of the energy system Frankfurt/M 2050
Based on 95% renewable energy sources regionally generated
Result of a temporal highly resolved simulation (hourly basis). RES Potentials: All RE and waste potential of the city, 50% of the potential of
the region and 11.6% of the potential of the federal state of Hessen from Wind und Biomass (= share of Frankfurt citizens of Hessen)
Federal state »Hessen«
Surrounding region »FrankfurtRheinMain«
City of Frankfurt am Main
Generation on city area
District
Export
22%
Import
-18%
10%
Wind
20%
PV
Hydro
0,4%
Waste
23%
24%
5%
Heat
pump
CHP
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
- 79%
Residential
9%
21%
- 64%
- 72%
22%
and
42% industry
Heat
Services
32%
- 53%
- 78%
18%
CHP
District
heating
From fossil fuels + electr.
to electric vehicles only
Local mobility
17%
Boiler
Biogas
Total generation 9759 GWh
Consumer
-5%
CHP
6%
All data
final energy
4964 GWh
100%
CHP
Solid
Biomass
12%
Accumulators
2.0 GWh
Electricity
84%
17%
Solar
thermal
Building level
Efficiency:
Reduction of the
energy demand
from 2012 to 2050
Industry
36%
5276 GWh
100%
Accumulators
2.3 GWh
42%
61%
- 11%
- 10%
Conclusions
 Sustainable energy systems
are key pillars of Smart Cities
 The transformation of urban energy
systems should be planned and
implemented in a systematic way
 New modelling tools help to find the
most cost effective target energy system
to achieve the energy targets of the city
 It is shown, how a sustainable energy
system for Frankfurt/Main could be
designed to achieve 95% renewable
energy sources from the region
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Thank you very much for your attention!
Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE
Gerhard Stryi-Hipp
[email protected]
www.ise.fraunhofer.de
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015