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Water relations of the plant
The importance of water in the plant life Water is one of the
components of protoplasm (living material in the cell) and the
major component of the bodies of the plant where the proportion of 7090% of the fresh weight of the organism. He also works as a solvent
in which many of the biochemical interactions of cost occur. And
foodstuffs transmitted within cells in the case dissolved.
The water also organized a degree heat, where the plant
absorbs the heat generated from the biochemical
processes, and the evaporation of water from the roofs
of the plant works to reduce Altaar output of the high
rise in air temperature. Add to that the water is a key raw
material for the civilian side of photosynthesis (building
materials carbohydrate)
Water movement in plants
1-water absorption
2. rise wringer
3. transpiration
Water absorption:
There is water in the soil in more than one image (soil water sections):
1-Water gravity:
Is the amount of water that leached from the soil after irrigation by gravity
that after any rainfall or irrigation saturated surface layer of the soil and
excess water seeps down by gravity.
It is water that can not keep the soil and continue to leak until it becomes
part of the groundwater.
2-water poetic:
The soil keep water after a water nominated gravity
between granules minute that you know of holes on the
poetic form of thin films encapsulate granules of soil and
fill the pores of small capillaries ( the water that benefit
from the plant)
3-water Alheigroscopa (unrestricted):
The soil keep or stick water with the soil around the
granules minute (thin membrane adheres to soil particles
move around in a liquid) does not lose this, but if the
water temperature rose to 100-150 degrees Celsius (the
water do not benefit from the plant).
Water absorption
The absorption of water through the root (area capillaries
root), where the spread of water to the root hairs due to be
included in the water potential (the difference in the water
effort between soil solution and capillaries) Any whenever
water potential cellular juice cells to root more Salp for soil solution
continues to water in access [and the increase in the concentration of
the solvent in the cells will cause Salp more effort watery cellular
juice and thereby increase the absorption.
Mechanical water transmission
Absorbs water by root hairs then moves to the crust cells
and control the water gradient movement in the water
effort where transmitted from the cell high-voltage (less
Salp) to low water potential (more Salbeh) until it
reaches the skin of the Interior (endodermis) where is
deposited on the wall of some cell material Alsobrin
(known band Casper) Wimmer water from the crust to
the cylinder through traffic vascular cells is opposite the
receptacles in the root wood (wood is where the water
passes and moves to different parts of the plant).
Xylem of the root is directly related to the fabric
of the wood of the leg Vihrk water from the root
of the leg, and branched wood several times to
form a complex network of conductive tissue of
the water and finally ending in the veins leaves
(vascular bundles of the leaf).
Water absorption occurs as a result of the
activity of transpiration in the shoot. The fast
moving columns of water that moves from the
root leads to attract water from the soil into
water potential cellular juice (more Salp)
exceeded absorption.
The plant may absorption through the shoot (Vimits air
humidity and dew water through the leaves).
Mahrkh water depends mainly on the water potential after
irrigation or rainfall, raising the value of water potential of
the soil and become less Salp for values ​water potential in
the filament root, Vihrk water from the soil for the first cell,
leading to a rise in the value of the water effort of the cell
(1) will move the water to the cell (2), and so on until it
reaches the vascular cylinder
Absorption of water
Water transmission or rise wringer:
Water uptake by root climb to the different parts of the plant
through the wood and then up to the leaves and spread
the outside air to form water vapor (transpiration).
The forces that help to rise wringer:
1- Pressure root
Is the pressure that arises in the wood elements as a result of
the metabolic activity of the roots, and water moves to stem a
result of root pressure and due to Osmosis generated as a
result of the active absorption of salt roots (and the
accumulation of dissolved into columns wood).
If the rise of the water as a result of pressure root where the
water rushes strongly as a result of the difference between
the water in the soil and effort sap wood is happening
2- Tensile coherent theory (strength of cohesion and
adhesion)
Because polar enjoyed by a water molecule as
composed of (H, O) has a charged surface, so the
molecules of water are associated with each other
any hold together, it's also relevant cohesion property
or force contiguity between the water and the
surfaces of other materials, and these qualities
cohesion and adhesion of water works to water
survival inside the vessels of wood in the form of a
column is connected, which helps to raise the wringer
up.
3. The tensile strength resulting from transpiration:
Transpiration, contain water loss on the body of water vapor
from plants surfaces exposed to the atmosphere through
special holes (known stoma ). There is water inside the plant
as a single unit the result (the forces of cohesion between
molecules) and contiguity with the vessel walls, wooden, and
as a result of transpiration arises forces tighten working to
raise the wringer up ( as the water evaporates from the
Central Textile cells of the leaves at least water potential
(becomes more Salp) water move one cell to another is
pulling down the cause.
Tensile and continues through the water column
is constant lump (because of the characteristic
cohesion and adhesion for water) from the
leaves to the root .
If [water loss => accumulation of dissolved and
driven => absorption => water movement]
Water moves from the water potential top (least
negative) => to the water potential at least (most
negative).
3. Transpiration:
Water loss from the plant to the water vapor image Private
Securities surfaces through stomata openings ( Stomatal
transpiration ), and water vapor out through the skin
covered cutin (dermis) is called (cuticular transpiration ), or
by ( lenticular transpiration).
Stomata device:
1- Stomat
2- Guard Cell
The Guardian characterized cells from the rest of the
epidermal cells, including the following:
Jdergar regular thickening as Aljdralamusbandh to open
the mouth more Thickening and less flexible and the rest
of the wall thickness of less and more flexible, containing
Chloroplast gap succulent large compared to the rest of
the skin cells, and the cell size is smaller than the rest of
the Guardian skin cells.
Stomata working corridors through which gas exchange
between the internal atmosphere of the paper and the
outside air (Co2, O2, and water vapor), and relies on the
open stomata pressure Guardian and helper cells is full,
Opens Iigorand gap Alasar cells Guardian full terms of the
rise in pressure leads to fullness => tighten the outer
wall, which works to tighten the inner wall (thicker)
causing Thdba leads to => Open the mouth.
This is because the change in pressure fullness effort to change
the osmotic and this in turn depends on turning to starch =>
glucose and vice versa, and close Iigorand lost pressure
fullness.
Also open stomata in the light and shut down in the dark.
Factors that affect the rate of transpiration:
1- External environmental factors
Humidity.
Heat.
Wind.
Light.
Latte soil affect the availability of water for the
plant conditions (soil water accessibility)
2- Internal factors
The internal structure of the leaves: such as
mutation, the presence of thick dermis, leaf area, the
installation of the stomata, in number, and their locations.
Guttation
Exit or water lost in the forms liquid in the edges
of the leaves get a more widespread in herbal
plants, and water comes out of a special slots
called (hydathodes) found on the edges of the
leaves.
. the water is not pure , but contains some salts
and sugars
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