peer to peer
Budapest
Plenary II - the development of post-socialist
metropolises from a pan-European perspective
4th November 2014
st
1
assignment
Hungary +
central Europe
seen from far
25 years ago
Swiss people, in the middle of last century, did not
travel much and far and look at their own feet
(mine, standing on my hometown Zug)
we have snow and mountains..
my chosen second home has rarely snow and
virtually no mountains..
and not much autumn trees (as I was used to in
Switzerland and Canada)..
Vienna
1st trip abroad, and of high school, but central Europe was ‘on
the other side’ (and we went mostly to see ‘culture’ as we had
learned in school)
Berlin
student movements meet to discuss pacific coexistence
(sponsored by the USA) and we went rather to visit East Berlin
and the Brecht Theatre
Vilnius
nineties (EMTA meeting) National Geographic declares that
ere is the centre of Europe
then I started to
live abroad and
have a wider
horizons
45 years ago
Canada
we (Pal Baross and me) are multiple migrants
20 years of Hungary through friends behavior
(anthropology says that it is enough to know thoroughly
one specimen, but of course it is not quite so, especially if
the specimen changes and mutates
we met in Vancouver at UBC to make a master in
urban and regional planning, not speaking much
English
Vancouver, then a city with old buses, no bicycles..
We migration around west end of Vancouver
Paul up from a garage (in Budapest) to 27th floor
me 3 apartments in 2 years
me, in Ottawa I worked on the 27th floor
(took longer to get up with the elevators than walking to the
office)
learning the trade
‘the greenbook’
(all knowledge in one textbook; we never read it but
leaned a lot from a bunch of professors and from each
other, everybody having a different training)
Europe was far away
some events and personalities made us think
Milan Kundera (1975)
Lech Walesa
(1980)
last 20 years
I came to Budapest (and other Central
Europe countries) a number of times through
multiple projects, visits…
cooperation + friends
Bestuf
EMTA
URBACT
QUEST
URBACT workshop at MRI
Integration:
achieved?
example CIVITAS
CIVITAS CITIES
THE CIVITAS INITIATIVE IS CO-FINANCED
BY THE EUROPEAN UNION
EU 15 - NMS
12
balance?
10
8
EU 15 L
6
EU 15 P
NMS L
4
NMS P
2
0
I
II
Plus
(Plus II)
THE CIVITAS INITIATIVE IS CO-FINANCED
BY THE EUROPEAN UNION
[email protected]
Ngakou and friends - Yaoundé
THE CIVITAS INITIATIVE IS CO-FINANCED
BY THE EUROPEAN UNION
nd
2
assignment
migration
forced migration
Video Ivan
forced emigration
Chestnuts for Xmas
Swiss Italians migrate temporarily
from Magadino to Zürich
forced emigration
from Italy to Switzerland
emigration of poverty
from Switzerland
to Brasil
and for curiosity / snobbism
America, Canada…
forced emigration (immigration)
from Portugal to everywhere
(before 1974 blue color and intelligentsia, now again, mostly
trained people)
Direct emigration, not via big Portuguese city (and they all
construct homes in their village where there are not many
opportunities once they come back)
forced emigration
from rural to urban
‘urban obsession’!
(in Horizon 2020 talk is mostly on
‘urban’ ! the rest is forgotten)
violent emigration
3 examples
Hungary 1966
almost 60 years ago
forced emigration
(also to Switzerland – why? Because
the Swiss had evicted Jews during the
war and had a bad conscience)
Frederike Geerdink
@fgeerdink cars left at the kobani - turkey
#bordercrossing, by der spiegel. via @FarukArhan
pic.twitter.com/cMrVWI2hdu
forced emigration
out of Budapest (Roma 2002) (2012 reversed)
Ms Ildikó Szabó and Mr Endre Balogh with their six-month-old boy were evicted in August
2002 from the 2nd District in Budapest. Photo: ERRC
forced emigration
out f the internet
2005
Pope election
2013
Umbrella Sky project - Águeda - Portugal
put your
city on
the map!
And the thieves ? (London Bridge Station)
Hong Kong’s ‘Umbrella Square’
Hong Kong’s ‘Umbrella Square’
FireChat: The App That Fueled Hong Kong’s
Umbrella Revolution
The app was downloaded by protesters almost
half a million times in one week
Mobile phone app designer Fung Kam-keung, CEO
and founder of Awesapp Limited, holds a
smartphone with one of his latest app game called
"Yellow Umbrella"
rd
3
assignment
privatization
(institutions)
(governance)
Lisbon Strategy
…to make the EU "the most dynamic
and competitive knowledge-based
economy in the world capable of
sustainable economic growth with more
and better jobs and greater social
cohesion, and respect for the
environment by....”
13 December 2007
it was for yesterday!
but in the meantime……
the crisis……..
the complexity……….
the politicians
the process (=bureaucracy?)
participation
(as reported by András Ekas – MRI)
Planning approval
Politicians, before the elections (Lisbon)
Päivi Elmkvist – Lund, Sweden
frustrated neighbours, about a traffic scheme
(Lisbon)
1st half books (I did the research, a journalist the book:
national freeways or the democracy left behind
3 reasons why Switzerland's cantons lost
power to the central state:
I.
during word war II Switzerland had a
General (not in peace times)
II. national freeway network (planned
in in the fifties and sixties)
III. (social) housing policies and
subsidies
2nd half book
Social profile and strategies of
‘clandestinos’ in the Lisbon
Metropolitan Area
Ruralisation of cities
Voluntarism
 politicians (Nuno Portas, Secretary of state
for Housing, presentation in Cambridge)
 specialists
 people learn to associate
municipalities come to existence (and
elaborating Master Plans)
(no regions though were created,
and are still not!)
After the 1974 revolution:
housing process: rebuilding of housing in existing
squatter area without evicting residents
‘revolutionary process’
partly mutual and self construction
Architects compete..
Architects compete..
and did not expect the motorisation explosion....
our history mingles again
Bowecentrum exursions
porks = sheep?
vegetarians
cultural sensitivity
Privatisation
(Sunday excursion)
privatisation
(Sunday excursion)
nationalisation and
privatisation
many histories in Portugal
(transport)
in housing you have to deal
with the residents
in transport you (do not) deal
with the passengers
home ownership in rich countries
Switzerland 44 %
and less rich ones 95 % (Hungary e.g.)
Portugal and Switzerland
[email protected]
Robert Stüssi
Urbanist
Mobility Consultant
DOROTHY FP7
CIVITAS MODERN Coimbra
URBACT thematic expert
INTERREG Capitalisation
Vice President APVE
Past President AVERE
Past President WEVA