Human Physiology Unit One
Objective Six
Definitions
Acid – a compound that releases
hydrogen (H+) ions in solution
Base – a compound that
releases hydroxide ions (OH-)
in solution
Definitions
Salt – an ionic compound that
does not contain H+ or OH-,
obtained from an acid/base
reaction
Buffer – a chemical system that
resists large changes in pH by
taking up or giving off H+
Acid-Base Reaction
Acid
Base
HCl + KOH
ClH+
K+
OH
Salt
Water
KCl + H2O
Human Physiology Unit One
Objective Seven
pH – the
measurement
of the H+
concentration
in solution
Human Physiology Unit One
Objective Eight & Nine
The four types of organic compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
The general formula is CH2O
The monomers are monosaccharides
Functions:
Provide energy
Structural uses
Examples:
Plants - starch, cellulose,
Animals - glycogen, chitin
Functional group – COOH- (carboxyl)
The monomers are fatty acids and
alcohols
Functions:
Storage energy
Structural uses
Regulation
Protection
Examples:
•Fats (triglycerides)
•Phospholipids
•Steroids
•Waxes
The two types of fatty acids
•Saturated
•Unsaturated
Two functional groups – COOH- (carboxyl)
and NH2- (amine)
The monomers are amino acids
Functions:
Structural uses
Regulation
Protection
Provide energy
Examples:
•Collagen
•Hormones
•Enzymes
•Antibodies
The monomers are nucleotides
Nitrogen base
Functions:
Heredity
Protein synthesis
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Phosphate group
Pentose sugar
Examples:
•DNA
•RNA
Double
Single
stranded
stranded,
with three
double
helix
forms –
molecule
tRNA, rRNA,
and mRNA