Goes back to ancient Greece
 Aristotle and Erasistratus were two of the first
men to conduct experiments on live animals
 An Arabic physician in the 12th century,
Avenzoar, was:

› First to use dissection
› Intro’d an experimental method of surgery on
animals before humans

1242- Circulation of blood described
› Later improved by William Harvey’s research

18th Century- Antoine Lavoisier uses guinea
pigs -> proves respiration was a form of
combustion
 Stephen Hales measures blood pressure in
a horse

1780’s-Luigi Galvani- found link between
electricity and reanimation
› Advances into the ECG
1880’s- Louis Pasteur -> Germ theory
 1890’s- Ivan Pavlov described classical
conditioning using a dog
 1921- Otto Loewi gives strong evidence in
neuronal communication w/ target cells

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1920’s- Edgar Adrian -> theory of neural
communication
› Awarded the Noble Peace Prize

60’s (WOOHOO)- David Hubel & Torsten
Wiesel -> macro columnar organization in
certain areas of animals
› Physiological evidence for critical period for
development of disparity sensitivity in vision
› Nobel Peace Prize were awarded to these
individuals as well
1996- the very first mammal ever to be cloned
from an adult cell is born:
DOLLY THE SHEEP!!!!!!!!

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1940’s- John Cade tests lithium salts in guinea
pigs for pharmaceuticals with anticonvulsant
properties
› Revolutionized treatment of manic-depressives by
the 1970’s
› Prior: manic depressives were treated with
lobotomy or electro-convulsive therapy

1960’s- Albert Starr revolutionized heart valve
replacement surgery in humans with surgical
advances in dogs
› Received the Lasker Medical Award in 2007
1822- The 1st animal protection law was
enacted in Britain
 1876- The Animal Cruelty Acts followed

› Both aimed at regulating animal testing
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_animal_testing
http://www.aboutmyplanet.com/sciencetechnology/animal-testing/
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Animal_testin
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http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&source=hp&q=anima
l+testing&btnG=Google+Search&aq=0&aqi=g10&aql=&oq=A
nimal+testing&gs_rfai=CBoNJ5VDhTNLPMpuygASV9MzaA
QAAAKoEBU_Q76s3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing_regulations
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly_(sheep)