Biology 118, Exam 1A, Autumn 2015
Biology 118, Oct. 14, 2015
Exam 1, Version A
Name _________________________________
Mark your name, ID number, & test version (A, B, C, D...) on your answer sheet.
You can keep this list of exam questions. You may write on it if you wish.
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Each question has only 1 correct answer. Use a pencil to bubble in your choice on mark-sense form.
If you need clarification for a question, raise your hand & stay in your seat.
If you are stumped by a question, place a mark by it, and return to it later.
Answer these questions on your own after class (ie. when you see your test results), if you want to
meet with me to discuss how to improve:
How will you change your study habits or try to sharpen specific skills? Please be specific.
Did you come to all of the lectures? If not, did you watch the screen casts? ___________________
What was your total study time (hours). ________________________
What % of that total study time did you spend at each of the following?
____________ % Reading the book
____________% Reading the class notes & notes you took in class
____________% Creating summaries of each lecture
____________% Attending a review & seeking advice from peers or Dr. Petersen outside of class.
____________% Discussing with a group of other students
Estimate the % of points you lost to each of the following:
________% Didn’t understand a major concept. Concept was ____________________________
________% Question was too specific (i.e. missed out on some depth in the material)
________% Wasn’t careful (i.e. careless mistakes in reading or filling in bubble sheet)
________% Other reasons (please specify) ____________________________________________
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Biology 118, Exam 1A, Autumn 2015
Fig. A
Fig. B
All analyses were adjusted for sex, baseline age, smoking
status and body-mass index. Participants with known
cardiovascular disease at start were excluded from analysis.
The Emerging Risk Factors Coalition (2011) N Engl J Med 364:829-41.
Fig. C
Fig. D
Enzyme
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2
3
4
5
Sleepiness (after sleep deprivation) in 23 individuals, and effect
on their hunger for high calorie foods.
Greer SM, Goldstein AN, & Walker MP. (2013) Nature Comm 4:2259
Fig. E
Fig. F
Studies: randomized controlled trials of fish oil supplements
(PUFA = omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) given to individuals with
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Diabetes incidence rates with 19 years of follow-up
from baseline BMI (men & women). Age adjusted.
Over 2500 individuals in the United Kingdom
Parker HM, Johnson NA, Burdon CA, et al. (2012) J Hepatology 56(4):944-951.
Tillin T, Sattar N, Godsland IF, et al. (2015) Diabet Med. 32: 226–234
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Biology 118, Exam 1A, Autumn 2015
Biology 118, Lecture Exam 1, Version A, Autumn 2015
ADP = adenosine diphosphate
ATP = adenosine triphosphate
BMI = body mass index
DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid
ER = endoplasmic reticulum
mRNA = messenger RNA
SA = surface area, V = volume
rRNA = ribosomal RNA
tRNA = transfer RNA
1.
The least healthy fatty acids are _________________.
a. Polyunsaturated & monounsaturated
b. Saturated & monounsaturated
c. Saturated & trans
d. polyunsaturated & trans
2.
Water molecules attach to other water molecules with ________ bonds.
a. weak hydrogen
b. strong covalent
c. weak covalent
d. strong hydrogen
3.
Which of these pairs forms a common buffer system in our blood?
a. hydrochloric acid (HCl) & sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
b. hydrogen fluoride (HF) & water (H2O)
c. carbonic acid (H2CO3) & sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
d. nucleic acids & nitrogen bases
4.
Which adult, of similar mass, has the highest blood insulin, two hours after eating a breakfast of doughnuts?
a. Normal, healthy adult
b. Type 2 Diabetic
c. Athlete
d. Type I Diabetic
5.
Epithelial cells in a normal epithelial tissue are _______ each other, with _______ junction proteins.
a. linked to – microtubule
b. separated from – tight
c. linked to – tight
d. separated from – microtubules
6.
The diffusion rate of a molecule increases if body temperature is _____ & the concentration gradient is ____.
a. Higher – lower
b. Higher – higher
c. Lower – lower
d. Lower – higher
7.
Most double-blind clinical trials use a placebo to _____________.
a. Fool all of the patients
b. Act as a “control” for comparison with a treatment
c. Detect magical events in the body
d. Be the treatment being reviewed
8.
Smooth muscle of the digestive system helps _______ the food.
a. chemically digest
b. absorb nutrients in
c. propel (moves) & mixes
d. does all of these
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Biology 118, Exam 1A, Autumn 2015
9.
In the clinical trials we discussed regarding sugar and artificial sweeteners in drinks, which led to weight loss?
a. Fructose
b. Sucrose
c. Artificial sweetener
d. None of these
10. Which type of RNA can be used (or read) more than once?
a. tRNA
b. mRNA
c. rRNA
d. all of these
11. Facilitated diffusion of glucose requires a _____, & its rate of transport _____ at higher concentration gradients.
a. Protein – increases linearly
b. Phospholipid – plateaus
c. Phospholipid – increases linearly
d. Protein – plateaus
12. Bile salts are __________, so they _________ lipids in the intestines.
a. both hydrophilic & hydrophobic – emulsify
b. both hydrophilic & hydrophobic – chemically digest
c. only hydrophobic – emulsify
d. only hydrophobic – chemically digest
13. Which of these is a correct effector organ response when the body’s core temperature is below normal?
a. Hypothalamus in brain detects low temperature
b. Blood flow to skin increases
c. Skeletal muscles begin contracting (shivering)
d. Skin will look red
14. Which line in Figure D, will best predict the pattern of digestive enzyme activity within a lysosome?
a. Enzyme 1
b. Enzyme 2
c. Enzyme 3
d. Enzyme 4
e. Enzyme 5
15. The channels called aquaporins, can move water _____ when there is a high concentration gradient, using _____.
a. Rapidly – kinetic energy
b. Slowly – kinetic energy
c. Rapidly – ATP
d. Slowly – ATP
16. Excess glucose in the blood of an undiagnosed diabetic causes blood to be ______, and their cells to _____ .
a. Hypo-osmotic – dehydrate
b. Hyper-osmotic – dehydrate
c. Hypo-osmotic – overhydrate
d. Hyper-osmotic – overhydrate
17. The _________ fatty acids form the most “bent” chains and thus they are abundant in the ________ lipids.
a. Saturated – heavy, dense
b. Saturated – lightweight
c. Polyunsaturated – heavy, dense
d. Polyunsaturated – lightweight
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Biology 118, Exam 1A, Autumn 2015
18. Figure F is a type of _________ study.
a. Randomized, double-blind control
b. Randomized control
c. Cohort
d. Meta-analysis
19. A solution with a pH = ______ has the highest concentration of hydrogen ions (H+).
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
20. A genetic mutation that causes insulin mis-folding in the ER leads to _______ diabetes.
a. Gestational
b. Neonatal
c. Type I
d. Type II
21. An increase in glucose entry into the beta cells of the pancreas leads to the release of __________.
a. Insulin by exocytosis
b. Insulin by carrier-mediated transport
c. Glucagon by exocytosis
d. Glucagon by carrier-mediated transport
22. Which molecule forms the primary part of the “semi-permeable barrier” portion of a cell membrane?
a. Protein
b. Polysaccharide
c. Phospholipid bilayer
d. None of these
23. Which of these is NOT regulated by negative feedback loops in a diabetic adult?
a. Blood glucose
b. Body temperature
c. Blood oxygen
d. Cellular enzyme reactions
24. _______ of the bile salts produced by the ________ are reabsorbed & recycled for reuse.
a. Some – liver
b. Some – gall bladder
c. None – gall bladder
d. None – liver
25. Figure C shows that as sleep deprivation increased, hunger for high calorie foods __________.
a. decreased
b. didn’t change
c. stopped completely
d. increased
26. Organelles such as the _____ have complex folding of their membranes that ______ its efficiency.
a. Mitochondria – increases
b. ER – decreases
c. Lysosomes – increases
d. Nucleolus – decreases
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Biology 118, Exam 1A, Autumn 2015
27. Which line in Figure A best fits the SA/V ratio as size of a cell increases?
a. V
b. W
c. M
d. P
28. Several scientific studies have reported that added sugar in the diet _____ a person’s risk of developing diabetes.
In particular, _______ has been hypothesized to be a key trigger in liver damage.
a. Increases – glucose
b. Decreases – fructose
c. Increases – fructose
d. Decreases – glucose
29. Which list shows the correct order of hierarchical structure in the body, largest to smallest? (Not all levels used)
a. tissue  organelle  organ  cell
b. cell  organelle  tissue  organ
c. organ  tissue  cell  organelle
d. organelle  organ  cell  tissue
30. From age 1 to 20, our resting (basal) metabolic rate per kg body mass ________ because ______ with age.
a. Increases – SA/V increases
b. Decreases – SA/V decreases
c. Increases – muscle mass decreases
d. Decreases – muscle mass increases
31. Buffers in blood plasma can ______ the plasma pH.
a. Prevent all changes in
b. Only lower
c. Only raise
d. Limit shifts in
32. The paper on global diet & economics found that as per capita gross domestic product increased, the amount of
empty calories _________ consumed. If this pattern continues, it will contribute to a global __________.
a. Increased – diabetes epidemic
b. Increased – health renaissance
c. Decreased – diabetes epidemic
d. Decreased – health renaissance
33. Extracellular fluid = _____ mOsm will cause normal cells (300 mOsmoles) to have the largest net water loss.
a. 200
b. 300
c. 400
d. 500
34. Figure B shows that individuals with diabetes at the start of the study had the _____ risk of cardiovascular death,
but increases in fasting glucose ______ an individual’s risk of cardiovascular death.
a. Highest – increased
b. Lowest – increased
c. Highest – decreased
d. Lowest – decreased
35. Mitochondria may catabolize _______ to produce ATP.
a. Glucose
b. Fatty acids
c. Proteins
d. All of these
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Biology 118, Exam 1A, Autumn 2015
36. Epigenetic effects cause _______, and are produced by environmental & behavioral factors.
a. DNA mutations
b. Modification of ribosomes
c. RNA mutations
d. Modification of gene activity
37. A diabetic coma is triggered by _________.
a. A lack of glucagon
b. Severe acidosis
c. Severe alkalosis
d. Overhydration
38. Homeostatic control of thermoregulation, works best ___________ for body core temperature.
a. Within the normal range
b. Outside of the tolerance limits
c. Within the tolerance limits
d. Under all body temperature conditions
39. Figure F shows a(n) _____ increase in diabetes with BMI, and that the ______ descent group in the UK has the
highest risk of diabetes overall.
a. Exponential – European
b. Exponential – South Asian
c. Linear – European
d. Linear – South Asian
40. Which event does NOT occur within the nucleus or nucleolus of a cell?
a. Ribosome formation
b. Transcription of mRNA
c. Translation to form a protein
d. Production of tRNA
41. In autophagy, ________ digest ________ to maintain cell health.
a. Golgi apparatus – old organelles
b. Lysosomes – old organelles
c. Golgi apparatus – old cells
d. Lysosomes – old cells
42. Figure E analyzed data from _____ clinical trials & found that fish oil supplements (PUFA) ______ the fat in the
liver of individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
a. 1 – significantly increased
b. 7 – significantly decreased
c. 1 – had no effect on
d. 7 – had no effect on
43. Water forms ______% of our body, while the most common solid is ________.
a. 50-60 – protein
b. 30-40 – protein
c. 50-60 – fat
d. 30-40 – fat
44. Cholesterol is a lipid that can be produced by the _______. Cholesterol is used elsewhere to produce _______.
a. liver – ketones
b. liver – estrogen
c. intestines – estrogen
d. intestines – ketones
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Biology 118, Exam 1A, Autumn 2015
45. In fatty liver disease, the liver is ______than normal, but if cirrhosis develops, the liver becomes ________.
a. Larger – small and fibrous
b. Smaller – large and fibrous
c. Larger – small and fatty
d. Smaller – large and fatty
46. Our body lacks the enzymes to digest ______, but it needs to be in our diet to improve digestive system function.
a. Glycogen
b. Starch
c. Cellulose
d. Ketones
47. Cilia contain ________ that use ATP to trigger ________.
a. Microtubules – bending
b. Microfilaments – absorption
c. Microtubules – absorption
d. Microfilaments – bending
48. Protein _______ occurs in the ER & Golgi apparatus. Proteins move between these organelles in ________.
a. Catabolism – vesicle
b. Folding – vesicle
c. Catabolism – lysosomes
d. Folding – lysosomes
49. We now know that what was once described as “junk” DNA has ________.
a. Codons for mRNA
b. A regulatory effect on protein coding DNA
c. Been confirmed to have no function at all
d. The codes for ribosomes
50. On the first day of class you saw studies that demonstrated that ______ & _____ aid memory the most. I hope
you tried these out!
a. Sleep & active recall
b. Dieting & reading notes
c. Sleep & reading notes
d. Dieting & active recall
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