PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Experiences of applying R&D 128, the
ERICA Tool and RESRAD-BIOTA:
Use and ‘misuse’
Mike Wood
University of Liverpool
Institute for Sustainable Water
Integrated Management and
Ecosystem Research (SWIMMER)
1
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Scope
• Practical application of the approach(es) you are familiar with
– R&D 128 (SP1a)
– ERICA
– RESRAD-BIOTA
• Specifically
– What works?
– What doesn’t work?
– What extra may
be required?
– etc….
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Drigg coastal sand dunes, UK
• North West of England (West Cumbria)
• 10km south of Sellafield
• Adjacent to the Low-Level Repository near Drigg
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Why dunes?
• Protected site
– NATURA 2000
– Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)
– Lake District National Park
– Local nature reserve
• Support a number of protected species
• Potential to be impacted by anthropogenic radionuclide contamination
• Includes a ‘non-standard’ contamination pathway (sea-to-land transfer)
• Includes organisms for which few or no radioecological data exist (e.g.
transfer data for reptiles)
– opportunity to test model assumptions and predictions
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Data collection
• Sampling undertaken at Drigg dunes 2005 – present
– Part-funded by EC 6th Framework ERICA project, Environment
Agency and English Nature (Natural England)
• Collected media and biota samples
• Sampling undertaken by UoL and analysis by CEH (with support from
UoL and WSC)
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Data
available
ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA
Medium
Samples
Soil/sediment
Soil/sediment from foredunes
Soil/sediment from rear of the dunes
Water
Pool water (Dune slacks)
Total deposition
BIOTA
Organism Group
Species (common)
Species (latin)
Amphibian
Common Toad
Bufo bufo
Common frog
Rana temporaria
Great Crested Newt
Triturus cristatus
Natterjack Toad
Bufo calamita
Palmate Newt
Triturus helveticus
Bird
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
Teal
Anas crecca
Invertebrate
Caterpillar
Mammal
Mouse
Apodemus sylvaticus
Vole
Microtus agrestis
Reptile
Common Lizard
Lacerta vivipara
Adder
Vipera berus
Slow worm
Anguis fragilis
Vegetation
Heather
Calluna vulgaris
Lichen
Marram grass
Ammophila arenaria
Moss
Red Fescue
Festuca rubra
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Comparing the models
• Measured activity concentrations in media and biota for a range of
radionuclides including Sr-90, Cs-137 and Am-241
• Opportunity to compare models on the basis of
– ‘Model – Measured’ comparison for activity concentrations in a range
of biota
– ‘Model – Model’ comparison for dose rate predictions
• Aim to use the three models that are readily available to third parties as a
minimum
– ERICA
– R&D 128
– RESRAD-BIOTA
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Comparing the models
• Measured activity concentrations in media and biota for a range of
radionuclides including Sr-90, Cs-137 and Am-241
• Opportunity to compare models on the basis of
– ‘Model – Measured’ comparison for activity concentrations in a range
of biota
– ‘Model – Model’ comparison for dose rate predictions
• Aim to use the three models that are readily available to third parties as a
minimum
– ERICA
– R&D 128
– RESRAD-BIOTA
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
R&D 128 (SP1a)
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
R&D 128 assessment
• The model needs to be parameterised to enable predictions to be made
for specific organisms
• R&D 128 is an
Excel-based
spreadsheet tool so
there are no wizards
to help you do this
• Effectively need to
create a new
organism by
modifying values
in the spreadsheets
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
R&D 128 assessment
• Three important decisions
– Geometry
• 17 geometries for terrestrial organisms. Which do I choose?
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Geometry
• Geometries set up for particular reference organisms but….
– geometry is just a shape used to define the DPUC value
• To identify geometry to use for a new organism need to know the
dimensions of the organism (x, y, z)
• Can often get average or maximum length from ecological references but
rarely, if ever, get all 3 dimensions
• Calculate from images has become a fairly common solution
• How do you decide which of the 17 geometries (and hence DPUC values)
to select?
• Comparing organism you wish to create with default reference organism
geometries on the basis of ‘surface area:volume ratio’ is the best
approach
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Geometry
Technetium vs. area/volume
Tritium vs. area/volume
1.E-04
1.E-07
1.0996
y = 7E-13x
R2 = 0.9838
1.E-08
y = 1E-09x 1.103
R2 = 0.9953
1.E-05
Bat
DPUC
DPUC
Bat
Bird Newt
1.E-09
1.E-07
1.E-10
1.E-11
1.E+01
1.E-06
BirdNewt
1.E+02
1.E+03
area/volume (m-1)
1.E-08
1.E+01
1.E+04
Argon vs. area/volum e
1.E+02
1.E+03
area/volume (m-1)
1.E+04
Caesium vs. area/volume
1.E-03
Newt Bat
Bird
Bat
0.0736
Newt y = 0.0002x
Bird
2
R = 0.981
Ar: y = 5E-4x^0.0783
r2 = 0.99
DPUC
DPUC (Gy h-1/Bq kg-1)
1.E-02
1.E-03
1.E-04
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
area/volume (m-1)
1.E+04
Krypton vs. area/volum e
-1
)
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1.E-04
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
area/volume (m-1)
1.E+04
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Geometry
• SP1a ranks default organisms on the basis of ‘surface area:volume ratio’
so can select the reference organism geometry to use for your new
organism
• Problem
– SP1a does not tell user how to calculate ‘surface area:volume ratio’
for an ellipsoid based on x,y,z
• Solution
– Google it!
• BUT
– An example of where guidance information could be improved
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
R&D 128 assessment
• Three important decisions
– Geometry
• 17 geometries for terrestrial organisms . Which do I choose?
– Concentration factors
• Appropriate concentration factors to use for the species under
assessment
• Where possible, used defaults for the organism type e.g. for Mallard used
bird
• Where not possible, followed SP1a guidance and used CFs for similar
organism e.g. for Great Crested Newt used reptile
– Occupancy factors
– In soil?
– On soil?
– In air?
• Information from R&D 128 defaults, ecological references and knowledge
of species
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Parameters for R&D 128 model run
Organism
Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria)
Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
Red Fescue (Festuca rubra)
Lichen (Non-specific)
Mixed herbage (Non-specific)
Moss (Non-specific)
Caterpillar (Non-specific)
Common Toad (Bufo bufo)
Natterjack Toad (Bufo calamita)
Common frog (Rana temporaria)
Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus)
Palmate Newt (Triturus helveticus)
Slow worm (Anguis fragilis)
Common Lizard (Lacerta vivipara)
Adder (Vipera berus)
Teal (Anas crecca)
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus)
Vole (Microtus agrestis)
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Occupancy
(fraction of time)
At soil
In soil surface In air
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
0
0
1
0.25
0.75
0
0.6
0.4
0
0.25
0.75
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.4
0.6
0
0.4
0.6
0
0.75
0.25
0
0
0.25
0.25
0
0.3
0.25
0.5
0.5
0
0.2
0.8
0
17
Reference organism
geometry selected
Herb
Shrub
Herb
Lichen
Herb
Lichen
Caterpillar
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Bird egg
Bird egg
Reptile
Bird egg
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Concentration ratios based
on which R&D128 default
organism?
Herb
Shrub
Herb
Lichen
Herb
Lichen
Caterpillar
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Bird
Bird
Rodent
Rodent
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Parameters for R&D 128 model run
Organism
Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria)
Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
Red Fescue (Festuca rubra)
Lichen (Non-specific)
Mixed herbage (Non-specific)
Moss (Non-specific)
Caterpillar (Non-specific)
Common Toad (Bufo bufo)
Natterjack Toad (Bufo calamita)
Common frog (Rana temporaria)
Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus)
Palmate Newt (Triturus helveticus)
Slow worm (Anguis fragilis)
Common Lizard (Lacerta vivipara)
Adder (Vipera berus)
Teal (Anas crecca)
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus)
Vole (Microtus agrestis)
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Occupancy
(fraction of time)
At soil
In soil surface In air
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
1
0
0.5
0
0
1
0.25
0.75
0
0.6
0.4
0
0.25
0.75
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.4
0.6
0
0.4
0.6
0
0.75
0.25
0
0
0.25
0.25
0
0.3
0.25
0.5
0.5
0
0.2
0.8
0
18
Reference organism
geometry selected
Herb
Shrub
Herb
Lichen
Herb
Lichen
Caterpillar
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Bird egg
Bird egg
Reptile
Bird egg
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Concentration ratios based
on which R&D128 default
organism?
Herb
Shrub
Herb
Lichen
Herb
Lichen
Caterpillar
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Bird
Bird
Rodent
Rodent
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
R&D 128 assessment
• Tool is a spreadsheet system with worksheets that cannot be modified
• For each run of the tool, can only use one set of CFs and OFs for a
particular geometry
• All new organisms based on reptile or bird egg geometry
• Need to re-run tool a number of times
– Time consuming
– Lots of copying and pasting involved
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
ERICA
• Tool help file & D-ERICA
• Again need to
parameterise but facilitated
by ‘Add organism’ wizard
• Define geometry in tool
based on x,y,z
• Enter mass
• Assign occupancy factors
• Define concentration ratios
– used default values
– NOTE: Drigg data used
in derivation of CRs in
latest version of tool so
changed back to preDrigg CRs (avoid selfvalidation)
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Parameters for ERICA model run
Organism
Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria)
Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
Red Fescue (Festuca rubra)
Lichen (Non-specific)
Mixed herbage (Non-specific)
Moss (Non-specific)
Caterpillar (Non-specific)
Common Toad (Bufo bufo)
Natterjack Toad (Bufo calamita)
Common frog (Rana temporaria)
Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus)
Palmate Newt (Triturus helveticus)
Slow worm (Anguis fragilis)
Common Lizard (Lacerta vivipara)
Adder (Vipera berus)
Teal (Anas crecca)
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus)
Vole (Microtus agrestis)
Occupancy
(fraction of time)
At soil
In soil
surface In air
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.25
0.75
0
0.6
0.4
0
0.25
0.75
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.4
0.6
0
0.4
0.6
0
0.75
0.25
0
0
0.25
0.25
0
0.3
0.25
0.5
0.5
0
0.2
0.8
0
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Dimension (m)
A
0.05a
b
0.05a
0.0401c
0.05a
0.0401c
0.02d
0.0799e
0.06
0.0799e
0.16
0.09
0.4
0.14
0.65
0.3f
0.3f
0.081
0.09
21
B
0.01a
b
0.01a
0.00229c
0.01a
0.00229c
0.0075d
0.03e
0.03
0.03e
0.015
0.012
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.1f
0.1f
0.03
0.035
C
0.01a
b
0.01a
0.00229c
0.01a
0.00229c
0.0075d
0.025e
0.04
0.025e
0.013
0.0135
0.015
0.02
0.02
0.0802f
0.0802f
0.03
0.035
Mass (kg)
0.00262a
b
0.00262a
0.00011c
0.00262a
0.00011c
0.000589d
0.0314e
0.02
0.0314e
0.0085
0.004238
0.034
0.01
0.0725
1.26f
1.26f
0.02
0.03
Concentration ratios
based on which
ERICA default
organism?
Grasses & herbs
Shrub
Grasses & herbs
Lichen & bryophyte
Grasses & herbs
Lichen & bryophyte
Gastropod
Amphibian
Amphibian
Amphibian
Amphibian
Amphibian
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Bird
Bird
Mammal (rat)
Mammal (rat)
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Parameters for ERICA model run
Organism
Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria)
Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
Red Fescue (Festuca rubra)
Lichen (Non-specific)
Mixed herbage (Non-specific)
Moss (Non-specific)
Caterpillar (Non-specific)
Common Toad (Bufo bufo)
Natterjack Toad (Bufo calamita)
Common frog (Rana temporaria)
Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus)
Palmate Newt (Triturus helveticus)
Slow worm (Anguis fragilis)
Common Lizard (Lacerta vivipara)
Adder (Vipera berus)
Teal (Anas crecca)
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
Mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus)
Vole (Microtus agrestis)
Occupancy
(fraction of time)
At soil
In soil
surface In air
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.25
0.75
0
0.6
0.4
0
0.25
0.75
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.4
0.6
0
0.4
0.6
0
0.75
0.25
0
0
0.25
0.25
0
0.3
0.25
0.5
0.5
0
0.2
0.8
0
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Dimension (m)
A
0.05a
b
0.05a
0.0401c
0.05a
0.0401c
0.02d
0.0799e
0.06
0.0799e
0.16
0.09
0.4
0.14
0.65
0.3f
0.3f
0.081
0.09
22
B
0.01a
b
0.01a
0.00229c
0.01a
0.00229c
0.0075d
0.03e
0.03
0.03e
0.015
0.012
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.1f
0.1f
0.03
0.035
C
0.01a
b
0.01a
0.00229c
0.01a
0.00229c
0.0075d
0.025e
0.04
0.025e
0.013
0.0135
0.015
0.02
0.02
0.0802f
0.0802f
0.03
0.035
Mass (kg)
0.00262a
b
0.00262a
0.00011c
0.00262a
0.00011c
0.000589d
0.0314e
0.02
0.0314e
0.0085
0.004238
0.034
0.01
0.0725
1.26f
1.26f
0.02
0.03
Concentration ratios
based on which
ERICA default
organism?
Grasses & herbs
Shrub
Grasses & herbs
Lichen & bryophyte
Grasses & herbs
Lichen & bryophyte
Gastropod
Amphibian
Amphibian
Amphibian
Amphibian
Amphibian
Reptile
Reptile
Reptile
Bird
Bird
Mammal (rat)
Mammal (rat)
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Organism
23
Microtus agrestis
Apodemus
sylvaticus
Anas platyrhynchos
Anas crecca
Vipera berus
Lacerta vivipara
Anguis fragilis
Triturus helveticus
Triturus cristatus
Rana temporaria
Bufo calamita
Bufo bufo
Caterpillar (Nonspecific)
Moss (Non-specific)
Mixed herbage
(Non-specific)
Lichen (Nonspecific)
Festuca rubra
Calluna vulgaris
Ammophila arenaria
Activity concentration (Bq/kg FW)
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Sr-90 activity concentrations
Activity concentrations in biota
1000
100
10
Measured
ERICA
R&D 128
1
0.1
0.01
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Organism
24
Microtus agrestis
Apodemus
sylvaticus
Anas platyrhynchos
Anas crecca
Vipera berus
Lacerta vivipara
Anguis fragilis
Triturus helveticus
Triturus cristatus
Rana temporaria
Bufo calamita
Bufo bufo
Caterpillar (Nonspecific)
Moss (Non-specific)
Mixed herbage
(Non-specific)
Lichen (Nonspecific)
Festuca rubra
Calluna vulgaris
Ammophila arenaria
Activity concentration (Bq/kg FW)
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Cs-137 Activity concentration
Activity concentrations in biota
10000
1000
100
10
Measured
ERICA
R&D 128
1
0.1
0.01
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Organism
25
Microtus agrestis
Apodemus
sylvaticus
Anas platyrhynchos
Anas crecca
Vipera berus
Lacerta vivipara
Anguis fragilis
Triturus helveticus
Triturus cristatus
Rana temporaria
Bufo calamita
Bufo bufo
Caterpillar (Nonspecific)
Moss (Non-specific)
Mixed herbage
(Non-specific)
Lichen (Nonspecific)
Festuca rubra
Calluna vulgaris
Ammophila arenaria
Activity concentration (Bq/kg FW)
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Am-241 activity concentrations
Activity concentrations in biota
100
10
1
Measured
ERICA
R&D 128
0.1
0.01
0.001
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Organism
26
Microtus agrestis
Apodemus
sylvaticus
Anas platyrhynchos
Anas crecca
Vipera berus
Lacerta vivipara
Anguis fragilis
Triturus helveticus
Triturus cristatus
Rana temporaria
Bufo calamita
Bufo bufo
Caterpillar (Nonspecific)
Moss (Non-specific)
Mixed herbage
(Non-specific)
Lichen (Nonspecific)
Festuca rubra
Calluna vulgaris
Ammophila arenaria
Dose rate (uGy/h)
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Cs-137 Total unweighted dose rate
Predicted unweighted total dose rate
1.00E+00
1.00E-01
ERICA
R&D 128
1.00E-02
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Organism
27
Microtus agrestis
Apodemus
sylvaticus
Anas platyrhynchos
Anas crecca
Vipera berus
Lacerta vivipara
Anguis fragilis
Triturus helveticus
Triturus cristatus
Rana temporaria
Bufo calamita
Bufo bufo
Caterpillar (Nonspecific)
Moss (Non-specific)
Mixed herbage
(Non-specific)
Lichen (Nonspecific)
Festuca rubra
Calluna vulgaris
Ammophila arenaria
Dose rate (uGy/h)
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Am-241 Total unweighted dose rate
Predicted unweighted total dose rate
1.00E+00
1.00E-01
1.00E-02
ERICA
R&D 128
1.00E-03
1.00E-04
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Perch Lake, Canada
•
•
•
•
•
EMRAS BWG scenario
Canadian shield lake
Received inputs of Sr-90, Co-60, Cs-137 and H-3 (amongst others)
AECL have activity concentration data for a range of biota in the lake
UoL and NRPA ran
RESRAD-BIOTA
as ‘informed users’
(experienced with other
tools but not
RESRAD-BIOTA)
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Valuable exercise
• Applied by people involved with development of other tools but no
previous experience of RESRAD-BIOTA
• For model intercomparisons – important distinction between applications
by developers and applications by ‘informed users’
• EMRAS has compared the ‘mathematics’ and started comparing
applications (mainly by developers). There is a need to direct effort
towards applications by users
– Tool developers may access ‘inaccessible’ parts of tool
– Tests tool user friendliness and accompanying documents
– Realistic application
– Begin to quantify a different aspect of tool uncertainty (the user)
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29
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Approach
• RESRAD-BIOTA 1.22 beta version
• Scenario required calculation of
• Whole-body activity concentrations for key receptor species (Bq/kg FW)
• Internal unweighted dose rates (µGy/h)
• External dose rates (µGy/h)
– NOTE: RESRAD-BIOTA only gives total dose
• Application guided by
– Tool + help
– User guide (US DOE, 2004)
– Some reference to technical reports
(US DOE, 2002)
– Web-based database
(bioaccumulation factors and distribution coefficients)
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30
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
The RESRAD-BIOTA Tool
• The tool can be used for either terrestrial or aquatic (freshwater)
assessments
• Four generic organisms that have been parameterised:
– Aquatic animal
– Riparian animal
– Terrestrial animal
– Terrestrial plant
• Assessments can be run to predict doses to these organisms
• Level 3 includes ‘New organism’ wizard
– possibility to create additional organisms based on one of the four
generic organisms
– allows calculations to be performed for specific species
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Integrated Management and
Ecosystem Research (SWIMMER)
31
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Organism Group
Aquatic Primary Producers
Free-floating (unrooted) submergents
Rooted, submergent macrophytes
Rooted, floating-leafed macrophytes
Emergent macrophytes
Aquatic Invertebrates
Zooplankton
Macroinvertebrates
Snails
Freshwater mussels
Fish
Forage Fish
Benthivorous Fish
Piscivorous fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Aquatic Mammals
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Integrated Management and
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Species
Cyprinid spp
Pumpkinseeds
Brown Bullhead
Yellow Perch
Northern Pike
Green frogs
Bullfrogs
Painted Turtle
Common Snapping Turtle
Star Nose Mole
American Water Shrew
32
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Level 3 Assessment
•
Sediment data entry – dry weight or fresh weight
– Not clear from tool, help or user guide
– UoL assumed dry weight, NRPA assume fresh weight
– First major decision and already the ‘informed users’ are taking different
approaches!
– Another example of where assessor needs clearer guidance
•
•
Predictions for specific biota so ‘New organism’ wizard used
When setting up new organisms need to parameterise
– UoL decided to run allometrically for all organisms that were identified as
particular species in the scenario and use BiVs for the rest
– NRPA used BiVs only
– UoL decision to run allometrically for everything (including a snail!) was
probably not the best! However, no clear guidance as to extent of allometric
functionality when using the tool
– NRPA decision to run all with default BiVs may result in overly conservative
predictions
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Integrated Management and
Ecosystem Research (SWIMMER)
33
Freshwater Invertebrates
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Integrated Management and
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103
10
Snails
Zooplankton
Macroinvertebrates
2
101
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Modeled-to-Measured
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Modelled-tomeasured
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Co Concentration
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
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PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
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Minimum Measured (bullhead)
Maximum Measured (bullhead)
Minimum Measured (cyprinids)
Maximum Measured (cyprinids)
Minimum Measured (pumpkinseed)
Maximum Measured (pumpkinseed)
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35
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Summary: What works?
• All three tools do what they are designed to do
• Predictions of measured data ‘aren’t bad’
• R&D 128 is generally conservative
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Integrated Management and
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36
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Summary: What doesn’t work?
• Guidance (in tools and supporting documentation)
– R&D 128
• How do you calculate the ‘surface area:volume ratio’?
– RESRAD-BIOTA
• Do you enter sediment as fresh weight or dry weight?
• When is it appropriate to run allometrically?
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Integrated Management and
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37
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Summary: What extra may be required?
• To facilitate the creation of new organisms, it would help if the R&D 128
spreadsheets could be set up to allow the same geometry to be run for a
number of CF and OF combinations at the same time
• To improve decision making it would be helpful to have the dose rate
report from RESRAD-BIOTA showing internal and external dose rates as
well as total dose rates
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Integrated Management and
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38
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Summary: etc……!
• There are differences in predictions due to ‘mathematics’ and
assumptions behind tools
• EMRAS BWG work helping to quantify and explain this
– Effectively get handle on tool ‘error’ when compared to ‘real’ values
• BUT…..of potentially greater significance in terms of error is that
associated with the user
• EMRAS BWG has focussed on intercomparison of tools by the tool
developers
• The one scenario where two tool developers attempted to run another
organisation’s model revealed major differences in the approach and
results obtained
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39
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Summary: etc……!
• Valuable to investigate this aspect further
– Take each tool in turn and have the developer and a number of
‘informed users’ run the tool for a particular scenario
– Start to quantify the ‘error’ associated with the user
– Help tool developers to identify areas of their tool and associated
documentation that could be revised to provide clearer instruction to
the assessor
– Especially important for freely available tools that can be used by third
parties
– Hopefully this afternoon may start this process!!
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40