UNIT 7B



Thinking
Language
Thinking and Language
 Cognition (thinking)
 Cognitive psychologists
 Concepts
 Category hierarchies
 prototype
 Algorithms
 Step-by-step
 Heuristic
 Insight
 Creativity
 Strernberg’s
five components
 Expertise
 Imaginative thinking skills
 A venturesome personality
 Intrinsic motivation
 A creative environment
 Confirmation
 Fixation
bias
 Mental set
 Functional fixedness
 Confirmation
 Fixation
bias
 Mental set
 Functional fixedness
 The
Representative Heuristic
 The
Availability Heuristic
 Overconfidence
 Belief
perseverance
 Consider the opposite
 Intuition
 Unconscious intuition
 Framing
 Framing experiments
 Language
 Phoneme
 English about 40 phonemes
 Learning another language’s
phonemes
 Morpheme
 Includes prefixes and suffixes
 Grammar
 Semantics
 Syntax
 Receptive language
 Productive language
 Babbling stage
 One-word stage
 Two-word stage
 Telegraphic speech
 Skinner:
Operant Learning
 Learning principles
▪ Association
▪ Imitation
▪ Reinforcement
 Chomsky:
Inborn Universal Grammar
 Language acquisition device
 Universal grammar
 Statistical
Learning and Critical
Periods
 Statistical learning
 Critical (sensitive) period
 Whorf’s linguistic determinism
 Bilingual advantage
 Implicit
memory