Energy in the Cell
Cornell Notes
1.
I. The Need for Energy
A. __ living organisms must be able to obtain
_______ from the environment in which they live.
B. _________ - ______ and other _____ organisms
are able to ____ the light energy in ________ and
______ it in the bonds of certain molecules for later use.
C. ____________ cannot use sunlight directly, they
___ ______ or _____ heterotrophs that eat plants to obtain energy.
D. Cells require ________ for various activities.
1. ______ transport
2. cell _______
3. _________ of flagella or cilia
4. __________, _________, and _______ of proteins.
2.
3.
E. ___ (adenosine tri-phosphate) is a molecule that provides ______
source of _______ for any organelle in the cell that needs it.
1. ATP is composed of an ________ molecule with _ ________
groups attached.
2. As _____ phosphate groups are added, ____ ________ is
required to make the molecule.
3. When the phosphate bonds are _______, energy is _________
and is available to the cell.
4. When ATP is broken down the energy must be _________ and
used ___________ by cells.
5. Many ________ have a specific ____ where ATP can ____.
II. Trapping Energy from Sunlight
A. The process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars is
called _____________.
B. The general equation for photosynthesis is written as
+
+
→
+
C.___________, a ______ pigment found in ____________ and
infolded membranes of photosynthetic bacteria, absorbs almost all
wavelengths of light except green.
Cornell Notes
1.
D. Photosynthesis happens in _ phases.
1.The _____-________ reactions convert light energy into
chemical energy.
a. sunlight _______ the electrons in the chlorophyll.
b. The excited electrons can _______ ADP to ATP.
c. ______ molecules are broken into __ ions and __ gas
2. ATP produced in the light-dependent reactions is used to fuel
the _____-__________ reactions that produce sugars.
a. In the _______ ______, ____ is converted into _-________
chains.
b. 3-carbon chains are converted into ______ and other
carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis
2.
III. Converting Food into Energy
3.
A. ________ __________ is the process by which cells break down
food molecules to produce ___.
B. There are _ stages of cellular respiration.
1. ________ - breaking down glucose
a. is ___________ - no oxygen is required.
b. breaks __________ into 2 3-carbon molecules
c. produces only _ ATP molecules
d. takes place in the _________
2. _____ ____ ______ or Krebs cycle, is a series of chemical
reactions that breaks down 3-carbon molecules into CO2.
a. at each turn of the cycle, 1 ATP and 2 CO2 are produced
b. occurs inside the inner membrane of _______________
3. ___________ _________ ______
a. molecules of NADH and FADH2 give up _______ that pass
through a series of reactions.
b. occurs inside mitochondria
c. requires ________ and produces __ ATP molecules
Cornell Notes
1.
C. ___________ – an ___________ process that supplies energy
when oxygen is not available.
1. ________ ____ fermentation – produces lactic acid in animals
(build up of lactic acid causes the
“burn” we feel in our muscles)
2. ____________ fermentation - used by yeast cells and some
bacteria to produce CO2 and ethyl
alcohol. (important to baking and production of wine and
other alcoholic beverages)
Respiration
2.
3.
Photosynthesis
Respiration