Name
Midterm Study Guide
Investigations in Biology
The Basics (Chapter 1)
Biology
1. Biology is the study of ____________________________________________________.
Metric System
2. Fill in the chart to identify the basic units in the metric system
To measure… Use…
Length
Liters
Mass
Scientific Method
3. Complete each step of the Scientific Method below:
a) State ________________or make an ___________________________
b) Gather___________________________________________
c) Form __________________________________________
d) Test __________________________________________
e) Collect and analyze ______________________________________
f) Draw ________________________________________
*Retest the hypothesis*
4. What is a hypothesis?
5. When is a conclusion made?
6. Why do scientists use controlled experiments?
Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells
him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this this out
by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower
with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green
slime on either side of the shower.
7. Based on the experiment above, identify:
*Manipulated variable or independent variable -_______________________________________
*Responding variable or dependent variable-__________________________________________
*Controlled variables – ____________________________________________________________________
*Hypothesis-(if, then statement) _________________________________________________________
8. There are two types of data to collect:
and
(numbers/amounts)
Use the graph to the right to answer the next three questions.
9. The manipulated/independent variable:
10. The responding/dependent variable:
11. What can you conclude based on this data?
(descriptions)
The Characteristics of Life (Chapter 2)
12. Identify and explain the eight characteristics of life.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
13. Give two examples of unicellular organisms:
and
14. Give two examples of multicellular organisms:
15.
Autotrophs
and
16.
Heterotrophs
Definition
Examples
17. Metabolism is the combination of
and
18. Ecology is the study of
19. Describe each of the levels of organization shown in the diagram:
-Individual:
-Population:
-Community:
-Ecosystem:
-Biome:
-Biosphere:
20. Climate is one example of an abiotic factor (non-living factor). Name at least 3 more.
21. An abiotic or biotic factor that restricts the number of organisms in an ecosystem is called a
factor.
22. What is carrying capacity? What happens when a population reaches carrying capacity?
More Ecology
23. Name and describe the 3 types of symbiosis:
a.
b.
c.
24. Why is the number 10% important in this diagram?
25. Food webs are made up of several food chains. Construct a food web using the following
animals. This ecosystem represents a farm area. The corn is the main source of food for many of the
herbivores in the area. (You do not have to draw pictures, you can just use the animal names and draw
arrows between them.)
COW, MOUSE, CORN, HUMAN, BLACKBIRD, CHIPMUNK, MICROORGANISMS (decomposers),
FOX, CHICKEN
Chemistry! (Chapter 3)
26. In a
substance. However, in a
does not change.
change, the substance actually changes into a different
change, the substance’s chemical makeup
27. Decide whether the following are a physical change (P) or chemical change (C):
a. burning paper
b. writing on a napkin with a pen
c. eating a bagel
d. breaking a window
e. melting an ice cube
28. The minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction is called
29. The basic unit of matter is an
30. Inside the nucleus
--___________________(+)
31. Outside the nucleus
-(-)
--___________________
32. When two or more different atoms combine, a
is formed
33. If this were a chemical formula, which parts would be the reactants, and which would be
the products?
Eggs + Oil + Brownie Mix -----> Brownies + Smiles
_____________________
34. What is an enzyme?
35. How can you recognize an enzyme?
_______________
Water (Chapter 4)
☼☼☼ Water is the Universal Solvent ☼☼☼
37. What does this mean?
36. Draw a water molecule:
38. Why are water molecules called “polar”? (HINT: NOT BECAUSE THEY ARE COLD!!)
39. What kind of bond holds water molecules together?
a. James Bond
b. Covalent Bond
c. Hydrogen Bond
d. Ionic Bond
e. Junk Bond
40. Why can’t water dissolve oil?
Acids and Bases
41. Bases contain
42. Acids contain
ACID
H+ > OH-
pH ______ to pH_______
43. What does a buffer do?
ions
ions
Neutral
pH _______
BASE
H < OH+
pH _______ to pH _______
Organic vs. Inorganic (molecules, not food)
44. Organic molecules/substances contain the element ____________ (SUPER IMPORTANT!)
45. One exception:
46. Organic compounds can form
words)
(like how letters get organized into
47. The six most abundant elements found in all living organisms
C______ H______ N_______ O_______ P_______ S_______
**Carbon forms many
covalent bonds that are
strong and stable
48. Fill in the table below with descriptions and examples of the four organic biological
compounds of life:
Compound
Description/Job
Examples
Carbohydrates
Waxy, oily; store energy, protect
organs, help nervous system
Muscle, Enzymes, Hair, Steak
DNA, RNA
49. What are some differences between saturated and unsaturated fats?
50. Make bigger organic molecules through ________________________________________
--removing _____________ to join molecules together
51. Make smaller organic molecules through _______________________________________
--adding _______________ to break molecules apart
Cells (Chapter 5)
52. Be able to identify and label the
organelles and structures in a plant cell
53. Which organelles are only found
in plant cells?
_________________________
_________________________
54. Know the function of the following
organelles:
o Cell Membrane
 Protects and supports cells
 Semi-permeable--regulates the flow of substances in/out of cell
 Made up of a ________________bilayer (hydrophobic
 Proteins and Carbohydrates also play a role
o Cell Wall
 Provides _______________________ for a PLANT cell
 Made up of _____________
 Surrounds cell membrane
and hydrophilic
)
o Nucleus
 Information center of the cell
 Contains ________________
 Nucleolus--only function is to make _____________
o Cytoplasm
 Jelly like substance that contains the organelles
o Mitochondria
 Provides ______________ for cells
o Chloroplast
 Traps sunlight to make __________
 Found in ___________ ONLY
o Ribosome
 Make _______________
o Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Rough--synthesize proteins
 Smooth--detoxify cells and makes ____________________
o Golgi Apparatus
 Collect, modify, package and distribute _________________
o Lysosomes
 Break down things in cell (food, invaders, old organelles)
Movement Through the Cell Membrane
(selectively permeable)
55. Types of Passive transport – does not require energy
a) __________________________
b) __________________________
c) ______________________ ______________________
56. Types of Active transport – requires energy
a) ______________________ ______________________
b) ______________________
c) ______________________
Know the difference between:
57. Hypertonic:
____________________________________________________________________________
58. Hypotonic:
____________________________________________________________________________
59. Isotonic:
_____________________________________________________________________________
60. Diffusion: molecules move from an area of _________ concentration to an area of
_______ concentration
*NO ENERGY REQUIRED
61. Osmosis: movement of _______________ molecules through a selectively permeable
membrane
--water moves from an area of
water concentration (low solute
concentration) to an area of
water concentration (high
solute concentration)
*NO ENERGY
REQUIRED
62. Facilitated Diffusion: use of a helper protein to move _____________ molecules across
the membrane
*NO ENERGY NEEDED
High Concentration
Low Concentration
63. Active Transport: allows materials to move from an area of _______ concentration to
______concentration
***REQUIRES ENERGY***
GOING IN
Endocytosis
64. __________________________—large particle is engulfed by membrane and
brought into cell
65. Pinocytosis--_________________________________________________________
GOING OUT
Exocytosis
--substances released by the membrane out of the cell
66. Explain what is happening in this diagram:
67. Use the picture below to describe how a cell is like a city. Name at least 6 cell parts in
your description.
Chapter 6
68. Photosynthesis: __________________________________________________________
69. --occurs in the ________________________________
KNOW THE FORMULA!!!!!
(reactants)
70. Light Dependent Reaction:
--takes place in the ______________________
71. Light Independent Reaction:
--takes place in the ______________________
72. A pigment is:
77. What do NADPH, NADH, and ATP have in common?
78. What is the difference between an observation and an inference?
(products)
78. Use the data table to draw a line graph. Make sure the numbers you use are consistent!! Include all
labels!!
Temperature of Syrup