2ND SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW
 Each of the following slides includes
diagrams that can help you understand the
concepts on the Second Semester Biology
Final Exam Review Guide
 The title of each slide includes the section of
the review guide being referenced and the
question numbers being answered with the
diagram
Molecular Genetics
 What do we call
the monomers of
this polymer?
 What parts of the
molecule makes
up the backbone
of the polymer (in
blue)?
 What parts of the
molecule joins the
two strands
together?
Molecular Genetics
 What are the 4
different
nucleotides found
in DNA?
 What are the 4
different
nucleotides found
in RNA?
 What base pairs
form in DNA?
 What base pairs
form in RNA?
Molecular Genetics
 What happens to part of the original strand?
 Which of the above is a frameshift mutation?
 Which of the above is a point mutation?
 What can cause genetic mutations?
Molecular Genetics
 What process is
being shown in the
figure at the left?
 What is the overall
product of the
process at the left?
 What step MUST
happen before
replication occurs?
Molecular Genetics
 What process is being illustrated above?
 What is the end result of the process above?
 Why is the illustrated process important to cell
function?
Molecular Genetics
 Which two processes are being shown above?
 Which process convert RNA into a protein?
 Which process converts DNA into mRNA?
 What is a codon?
 What do mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA do?
Mendelian Genetics
 What is happening in the image above? During
what process does this occur?
 What is the result of this process?
Mendelian Genetics
 What does




homozygous mean?
What does
heterozygous mean?
What is phenotype?
What is genotype?
What genotype is
homozygous
dominant?
Homozgyous
recessive?
Heterozygous?
Mendelian Genetics
 What is the genetic
trait being
represented in this
diagram?
 What are the two
alleles that describe
this trait?
Mendelian Genetics
 Where did the “A’s”
come from that are
circled in this diagram?
 What is represented
inside the boxes of this
diagram?
Mendelian
Genetics
 What is the probability
(percentage) that an offspring
from these two parents
would show the dominant
trait?
 Explain how a child can
inherit a recessive disorder
even if their parents do not
have the disorder.
 If one parent is homozygous
dominant and the other is
heterozygous, what
phenotypes will the offspring
have?
Mendelian Genetics
 What type of inheritance
pattern is being illustrated
in this image?
 Which genotypes would
produce red flowers?
White flowers? Pink
flowers?
Mendelian Genetics
 What type of
inheritance pattern is
being illustrated in
this image?
 Where would these
traits be located on
human
chromosomes?
Mendelian Genetics
 What type of
inheritance pattern is
being illustrated in
this image?
 How do you know
this is codominance
and not incomplete
dominance?
Evolution
 How does relative dating help us estimate the
age of fossils?
 How do evolutionists use radioactive dating
to help estimate the age of fossils?
Evolution
 What is another name for the evolution in the
above illustration?
Evolution
• What are the structures
in the image referred to
as?
• How are these
structures evidence of a
common ancestor?
• What type of evolution
do these structures
provide evidence of?
• How did natural
selection lead to the
diversity of function in
these structures?
Evolution
 In the image above, natural selection is choosing
different alleles based on the expression of the
genes. One allele for moths is for them to be white
and speckled black the other is to be black. Which
allele, for white and speckled or black, would
increase in frequency in this area? Why?
Evolution
 In male peacocks, those males with the most
beautiful tail feathers get the most attention from
potential mates. What type of selection is this?
Why would this type of selection exist?
Evolution
Ecology
•
•
•
•
Name the producers
Name the primary consumers
Name the secondary consumers
Name the tertiary consumers (if there are any)
Ecology
What happens if the producers are
removed from this ecosystem?
Ecology
• Which graph shows exponential growth in a
population?
• Which graph shows logistic growth in a population?
• Which graph shows what population growth would
be if a sudden weather pattern disrupted normal
breeding?
Ecology
• What would
happen if the
snakes died?
• What would
happen if the grass
died?