"PRE - Louis XVI"
Staved soundbox
HARP TYPES
STYLES
Tirolian harps
LOUIS XVI
first crotchet 1755 ?
1820
1810
1800
1790
1780
1770
(c) 2014 by BEAT WOLF, harp maker and harp restorer, CH-8200 Schaffhausen
1760
1750
1740
TIMELINE
1720
The development of the single action harp.
1700
TIMELINE
Staved soundbox; spruce soundboard, across; scroll; acanthus; carvings; paintings; crotchet or crutch mechanism.
GERMAN TYPE
EMPIRE (grecian)
Rectangular box
Round body-shell; capital; gilded plasterwork; crothets or discs.
SIZE (Hight)
140 cm
NO. OF STRINGS
COMPASS
Diverse
MECHANISM
34 str.
G1 - e3
150 - 160 cm
150 cm
34 str.
B1 - g3
35 str.
A1 - g3
165 - 168 cm
160 cm
35 str.
A1 - g3
36 str.
G1 - g3 / A1 - a3
and
38 str.
G1 - b3
37 str.
G1 - a3
41 str.
F1 - d4
D-a.-patent
Groll 1807
Béquilles COUSINEAU (Simonin)
1782
Cousineau
14 pedals
disc-mechanism: ERARD
ERARD
1794 S.-a. patent
(1801) D.-a. Patents
1785 Krumpholtz / Naderman
?
warm, short, dry
1720
baroque sound
AR / RA
HOCHBRUCKER
Donauwörth
J.P.Vetter ??
J.Hausen ??
Petrini ??
1740 ??
SOME MUSIC,
TUTORS
GOEPFERT
???
Paris 1740
Stecht played
a ??-harp
640
350
600
320
700
400
Hochbr.
AR
Welsh trp.
Some makers:
J. LOUVET
A PARIS
WOLTERS
A PARIS
COUSINEAU
père & fils
Paris 1774
Ph.J. Meyer
Nouv.Méthode
Echo
?
1778
Mozart
concerto
1779
Corbelin
Méthode
useful: 392 Hz
classic sound
romantic sound
warm, short descant, more bass
warm, soft, round, diffusing
ERARD Frères
A PARIS
Seb. ERARD
LONDON
1784
Cousineau
Méthode I
....1780....
Cardon, Meyer,
Krumpholtz etc.
a'= 379 Hz
1786
Ragué
Principes
c. 1800
Dussek; Boieldieu;
Fr.J. Naderman
until 1790
Krumpholtz
Sonates etc.
Paris 1783
Taskin
Paris 1789
Versailles
a'= 409 Hz
a'= 396 Hz
(...1790) 1800
Krumpholtz
"Principes..."
c.1806-7
L. Spohr
1803
Cousineau
Méthode II
CHALLIOT
A PARIS
SCHWIESO
LONDON
STUMPF
LONDON
1811
C.de Genlis
Méthode
1809
Krumpholtz
Méthode
Paris 1829
Opéra
425-430 Hz
779
437
650 - 680
380 - 400
630 - 680
370 - 390
590 - 610
350 - 370
580 - 620
340 - 360
d.-a. 560 - 580
d.-a. c. 320
Nad.1771
1770
Louis &
Ma.-Ant.
1765
James Watt
steam-machine
Jean-Baptiste Deshayes (1713 - 1767)
Edmond Saunier (c.1730 - c.1783)
Jean Louvet (c.1728 - 1793)
Georges Cousineau (1733 - 1800)
Jean-Henri Naderman (1734 - 1799)
1770
Cugnot
steam-motorcar
1774 Roi
Louis XVI
1789
révolution
† 1793
Louis XVI
Ma.-Ant.
© Beat Wolf, Schaffhausen, 2014.
1801
fin de la
révolution
1783
Montgolfier
1784 Cartwright
Weaving-machine
Godefroy Holtzman (1736 ? - 1799 ?)
Wolters ( ? - a.1822) father & son?
Sébastien Renault ( ? - a.1811)
Jacques-Georges Cousineau (1760 - 1836)
Henri Naderman (1782 - 1846)
Kindly note: The TIMELINE is giving a general view of some aspects in the development of the single-action harp during the 18th century.
All items are meant as "generally" timeline placings and are neither complete nor strict facts. Many items ask for further studies. So, we have no clear
records of what kind were the pedalharps in Paris before c.1760 (the first dated pedalharp appears 1765).
J.&J. ERAT
LONDON
useful: 430 Hz
www.beatwolf.ch
Jacob Hochbrucker (1673 -1763)
H. NADERMAN
A PARIS
useful: 415 Hz
700
400
MarieAntoinette
1712
athmospheric
steam-machine
RENAULT
(& CHATELAIN)
Paris ....1767
Diderot/d'Alembert
Encyclopédie
n 1754
Louis XVI
n 1755
POLITICS
HOLTZMAN
A PARIS
Paris 1766
Dom Bédos
a'= 422.5 Hz
c1 mm
c2 mm
J.H NADERMAN
A PARIS
Paris 1763
Ph.J. Meyer
Méthode
Paris 1762
J.B.Hochbrucker
6 Sonates
London 1751
Handel's fork
PITCH
SAUNIER
A PARIS
Louvre, 1760
J.B.Hochbrucker
conc. spirituel
descant a bit shorter
long descant, brilliant, transparent, with a warm bass
SALOMON
(Deshayes)
Paris
1755 first(?)
crotchet mech.
Seb.LANG harp
Louvre, 1749
G.A.Goepfert
conc. spirituel
Wien, 1729
S. Hochbrucker
@Kaiser Karl VI.
© Beat Wolf, Schaffhausen 2014
and soon all makers
1810 ERARD
Sourdine: rare
Damper
INVENTIONS
1808
many other makers
and
Echo
SOME HARP MAKERS
43 str.
E1 - e4
42 str.
E1 - d4
chevilles tournantes (Ruelle/Cousineau)
Shutters
SOUND - IDEA
and
crochets
Disc
MEASURE
(examples)
(40 str.)
(F1 - c4)
"crutch"
Crotchet
crochet
Crutch
béquille
fourchette
EFFECTS
170 - 173 cm
170 cm
39 str.
F1 - b3
Sébastien Erard (1752 - 1831)
Jean-Baptiste Erard ( ? - ? )
Pierre Erard (1794 - 1855)
1800: Volta
Electr. battery
1804 - 14 Napoleon I . Emp.
1814-24
Roi
Louis XVIII
1814 Stephenson
Steam-lokomotive
1821 Faraday
Electro - motor