Non-Revenue Water Reduction:
From Audit to Action
WATERCON 2014
March 18, 2014
Presented By:
Mike Pubentz, P.E., Director of Public Works, Village of Montgomery
Michele L. Piotrowski, P.E., LEED AP, Engineering Enterprises, Inc.
Overview
•
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•
•
•
•
Background
Water Loss History Prior to 2011
A Dawn of A New Era: AWWA Water Audit
Findings and Benchmarks
Action Plan
Next Steps
Background
Background
25,000
27,007 (2032 Forecast)
1.75% Projected Annual
Growth Rate
Residential Water Consumers
18,438 (2010 U.S.
Census)
20,000
19,089
8,399
27,488
17,062 (2008 Special Census)
Population
Village
Unincorporated
Total
22,705 (2022 Forecast)
15,000
14,407 (2006 Special Census)
10,000
5,471 (2000 U.S. Census)
5,000
5,199 (1998 Special Census)
4,268 (1990 U.S. Census)
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Year
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Background
Metered Water By Consumer Type
Background
Metered Water By Consumer Type
Incorporated Residential
900,000
Incorporated Commercial & Industrial
800,000
Unincorporated Residential
Unincorporated Commercial & Industrial
Metered Water
(1,000 Gallons)
700,000
Total
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Background
Water Loss
(Treatment and Distribution)
Background
Residential Water Use Trend Based on Pumped Water Use Data (GPCPD)
120
Residential Water Use (GPCPD)
Trendline ‐ Residential Water Use
Residential Water Use (GPCPD)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Fiscal Year
Background
• Why Calculate Water Loss?
– Good Steward of a Limited Resource
– Where is Our Water Going?
– Water Rate Increases
• Operational Costs Need to be Contained
• Heightened Board/Political Pressure
• Unincorporated/Incorporated Costs
– Capital Improvement Planning – Determine
Optimal Locations to Use $$
Water Loss Prior to 2011
2004-2007
• “Unaccounted for Water” = 19±%
• Reviewing Bi-Monthly = Not Accurate
2004 Water Loss Summary
Village of Montgomery, Kane and Kendall Counties, Illinois
Water Use Period
Billing
Water
2004
Date
Produced
Gal.
Water
Bulk
Unaccounted
% of
Main Breaks
Water Main Breaks
Gal.
WTP Losses
Gal.
WTP Losses
Gal.
WTP Losses
Gal.
Sales
Gal.
Water
Gal.
Unaccounted
January/February
March
127,138,000
79,275,000
0
1,386,000
22
4,219,000
884,640
0
3,880,800
139,000
37,353,560
29.38%
March/April
May
134,979,000
95,533,000
13,200,000
1,386,000
3
1,050,800
1,107,930
43,500
3,863,880
459,000
18,334,890
13.58%
May/June
July
146,484,000
109,538,000
0
1,386,000
3
1,600,000
1,081,740
514,380
3,731,160
482,000
28,150,720
19.22%
July/August
Sept.
157,102,000
114,130,000
0
1,398,000
12
4,261,000
1,600,650
319,770
3,723,560
459,000
31,210,020
19.87%
September/October
Nov.
140,149,000
88,736,000
13,200,000
1,386,000
8
2,302,600
69,240
1,461,330
3,565,280
1,014,000
28,414,550
20.27%
November/December Jan.
119,563,000
94,388,000
0
1,386,000
12
1,562,000
28,380
915,060
3,524,600
1,001,000
16,757,960
14.02%
Total
825,415,000
581,600,000
26,400,000
8,328,000
60
14,995,400
4,772,580
3,254,040
22,289,280
3,554,000
160,221,700
19.41%
1
Metered
Gal.
Hydrant
2
Flushing
Gal.
3
Water used
Fire Fighting
Gal.
4,5
Number of
Water Lost from
6
Well No. 8
7
Well No. 14
8
Central
8
9
Water Loss Prior to 2011
2008-2010
• Regional Water Loss Calculation/Form
• “Unaccounted for Water” = 15-16%
Advantages:
• WTP vs Distribution Losses
• Benchmark w/ Local Utilities
Challenges:
• No Data Validity
• Subjectivity in Unaccounted For
Water
• No Universal Benchmarks
• Financial Impact?
AWWA Auditing:
Dawn of a New Era
• Common Terminology
• Benchmarking
– Village & Other Utilities
• Financial Impact
• Data Validity of Data
• “Buckets” of Water Loss
– Real Losses
– Apparent Losses
AWWA Auditing:
Dawn of a New Era
Common Terminology
Unaccounted For
Water
Imprecise, = Inconsistent, and Unreliable
NON-REVENUE WATER (NRW)
NRW = Water Loss + Unbilled Consumption
AWWA Auditing:
Dawn of a New Era
Common Terminology
• Real Loss
– Physical losses = Leakage + Tank Overflows
– Value = Marginal Production Cost
Impact = increase in operational expense
• Apparent Loss
– Paper Losses = Customer Metering Inaccuracy +
Theft + Data Handling Errors
– Value = Retail Rate (Decrease in Revenue)
Findings & Benchmarks
“The Buckets of Water Loss”
AWWA WLCC Free Water Audit Software: Water Balance
Water Audit Report For:
Report Yr:
Village of Montgomery
2012
Water Exported
Billed Water Exported
0.000
Billed Authorized Consumption
Billed Metered Consumption (inc.
water exported)
Revenue Water
664.933
Own Sources
Authorized Consumption
664.948
Billed Unmetered Consumption
664.948
0.015
(Adjusted for known errors)
676.560
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Unbilled Authorized Consumption
0.453
11.612
892.713
Non-Revenue
Water (NRW)
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
11.159
Water Supplied
227.765
Unauthorized Consumption
2.232
Apparent Losses
892.713
22.460
Customer Metering Inaccuracies
13.579
Systematic Data Handling Errors
6.649
Water Losses
Water Imported
Leakage on Transmission and/or
Distribution Mains
216.153
Real Losses
0.000
193.693
Not broken down
Leakage and Overflows at Utility's
Storage Tanks
Not broken down
Leakage on Service Connections
Not broken down
Findings & Benchmarks
Common Terminology
• Data Validity
– Accuracy/Confidence Level in the numbers?
– Based on a 1-100 scale.
64
Findings & Benchmarks
Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI)
Current Annual Real Losses (CARL)
ILI =
Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL)
2.99
UARL = Lowest Technically Achievable Annual Real Losses for
a Well-Maintained, Well-Managed System
Findings & Benchmarks
Financial Impact
• Production/Operations Costs
– Electrical
– Chemicals
– Sludge Removal
• Retail Costs
$231,424
Findings & Benchmarks
Priority Areas
Findings & Benchmarks
FY2011
FY2012
North American
Data Set (Average)
Non-Revenue Water as Percent by Volume of Water Supplied:
25.6%
25.5%
22.6%
Non-Revenue Water as Percent by Cost of Operating System:
6.1%
5.5%
10.0%
Annual Cost of Apparent Losses:
$ 104,904
$ 111,179
N/A
Annual Cost of Real Losses:
$ 114,403
$ 120,245
N/A
Apparent Losses Per Service Connection Per Day (gallons/connection/day):
6.8
6.7
15.0
Real Losses Per Service Connection Per Day (gallons/connection/day):
59.0
57.6
63.3
Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL) (million gallons/year):
64.7
64.7
N/A
198.64
193.69
N/A
3.07
2.99
3.57
64
64
75
Key Performance Indicators
Financial Indicators
Operational Efficiency Indicators
From Above, Real Losses = Current Annual Real Losses (CARL) (million gallons/year):
Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [CARL/UARL]:
Validity Score
Action Plan
Master Meter Testing
Action Plan
Leak Detection
Action Plan
Water Main Break Analysis
150.0
Village
140.0
Boulder Hill
130.0
Number of Breaks Per 100 Miles of Main
120.0
110.0
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
Typical water mains break
25 to 27 times per 100 miles of water main annually*
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
* Resource: AwwaRF Report 91165, "Main Break Prediction, Prevention and Control," Neil S. Year
Action Plan
Water Main Break Analysis
• Water Main Break Analysis
– Water Quality
– Water Main Installation Date
– Frequency by Location
Action Plan
Targeted Water Main Replacement
• Water Main Breaks
• Water Quality
• Water Main Age
Action Plan
Customer Meter Testing
• Test and Replace 50-100
Meters Based On:
– Location
– Age
• Calculate Repayment
Period
FY2013
Variable Production Cost =
$ 575.94 per MG =
$ 0.58 per 1,000 Gallons
(Variable Production costs include electric, sludge removal, and water chemicals.)
Incorporated Rate = $ 4.90 per 1,000 Gallons
Unincorporated Rate = $ 6.03 per 1,000 Gallons
Residential
Incorporated
Unincorporated
Incorporated
Unincorporated
Incorporated
Unincorporated
Incorporated
FY2012 Billed Water Use (1,000 Gallons)
355,075
154,930
Meter Inaccuracy
1%
2%
3%
4%
Water Not Being Variable Billed Due to # of Meters to Lost Revenue # of Meters to Be Replaced Meter Inaccuracies Production Be Replaced @ Based on @ $300/Meter
(1,000 Gallons)
Rates
$300/Meter
Cost
3551
1549
7102
3099
10652
4648
14203
$ 2,045
$ 892
$ 4,090
$ 1,785
$ 6,135
$ 2,677
$ 8,180
6.8
3.0
13.6
5.9
20.4
8.9
27.3
$ 17,400
$ 9,340
$ 34,800
$ 18,687
$ 52,195
$ 28,027
$ 69,595
58.0
31.1
116.0
62.3
174.0
93.4
232.0
Next Steps
•
•
•
•
•
Perform Annual Audits and Track Progress
Master Meter Testing
Customer Meter Testing
Leak Detection
Water Main Break Analysis
– Evaluate Water Main Leak/Break Report
• Water Main Replacement
Questions
QUESTIONS?