The Republic of Slovenia
The Government Office for Local Self-government and Regional
Policy
Kotnikova 28
1000 LJUBLJANA
Environmental report
in line with the
Strategic Environmental Assessment of
European Territorial Cooperation
Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary
2007-2013
Domžale, July 2007
Oikos d.o.o.
Jarška cesta 30, 1230 Domžale,
t. + 386 (1) 722 64 00, f. + 386 (1) 721 48 07, [email protected], www.oikos.si
Environmental report in line with the
Strategic Environmental Assessment of the
European Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia- Hungary
2007-2013
Contracting Authority
The Republic of Slovenia: The Government Office for Local Selfgovernment and Regional Policy
Kotnikova 28
1000 Ljubljana
Slovenia
Drafting of the
programme
The Republic of Slovenia: The Government Office for Local Selfgovernment and Regional Policy
Kotnikova 28
1000 Ljubljana
Slovenia
The Republic of Hungary: National Development Agency
Pozsonyi u. 56.
H-1133 Budapest
VÁTI Hungarian Public Nonprofit Company for Regional Development and
Town Planning
Gellerthegy u.30-32
1016 Budapest
Hungary
Drafting of the
Environmental report
The Republic of Slovenia: Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Jarška cesta 30
1230 Domžale
Slovenia
The Republic of Hungary: VÁTI Hungarian Public Nonprofit Company for
Regional Development and Town Planning
Gellerthegy u.30-32
1016 Budapest
Hungary
Quality management of
Hungarian data and
information
RESPECT Consulting
2000 Szentendre, Rezeda u. 14.
Hungary
Project leader
Mojca Hrabar, B.Sc. in Biology., M.Sc. Env. Manag. (Oxon)
Team members
Oikos d.o.o.
Jarška cesta 30, 1230 Domžale,
t. + 386 (1) 722 64 00, f. + 386 (1) 721 48 07, [email protected], www.oikos.si
Katarina Pogačnik , B.Sc. Env.Res. Manag
Klemen Strmšnik, B.Sc. Geography
Urša Zakrajšek, B.Sc. Geography
May 2007
Date:
Number of the contract
Number of the project:
750/07
Key words:
strategic environmental assessment, environmental report, environmental
objectives, impacts, mitigation measures
Oikos d.o.o.
Jarška cesta 30, 1230 Domžale,
t. + 386 (1) 722 64 00, f. + 386 (1) 721 48 07, [email protected], www.oikos.si
Environmental Report for Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of assessment
The aim of Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of the European Territorial Cooperation
Operational Programme Slovenia – Hungary 2007 – 2013 is to:
 harmonize it with environmental goals, environmental legislation and other strategic
documents,
 evaluate impacts of the programme objectives, priorities and proposed measures on human
health and well being, environment, nature and cultural heritage and
 to formulate appropriate measures to mitigate impacts of the programme.
The result of the SEA process is:
 finished Environmental Report, which is in line with the Strategic Environmental Assessment
Directive and
 accordingly modified European Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia –
Hungary 2007 – 2013.
Environmental report is a document that incorporates all processes and assessment findings,
possible alternatives, the evaluation of impacts and mitigation measures. It contains the
information on the priority goals and their specific objectives, which are quantified by a limited
number of indicators in order to measure the progress in relation to the current state of the
environment.
The area of programme is the area of the common Slovenian - Hungarian border and it
encompasses the counties Zala and Vas in Hungary and Pomurje region in Slovenia.
Legal basis
Legal basis for execution of SEA for the European Territorial Cooperation Operational
Programme Slovenia – Hungary 2007 – 2013 is laid down in Directive 2001/42/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council on the Assessment of the effects of certain plans and
programmes on the environment (Official Journal L 197 of 21.07.2001)
The Directive 2001/42/EC is transposed in Slovene environmental legislation by the Decree
laying down the content of environmental report and on detailed procedure for the assessment of
the effects on certain plans and programmes on the environment (Official Journal of RS 73/2005).
The Directive 2001/42/EC is transposed in Hungarian environmental legislation by the
Government Decree No. 2/2005 (I. 11.) on the environmental assessment of certain plans and
programs.
Other plans, programmes and strategies
Other plans, programmes and strategies include legal regimes, set limits, conditions and as well
other strategic documents for achieving environmental objectives. For SEA of the European
Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia – Hungary 2007 – 2013 the following
plans, programmes and strategies were taken in consideration:
 Community Strategic Guidelines,
 National Strategic Reference Framework of the Republic of Hungary (NFT II. 2007-2013) and
Slovene National Strategic Reference Framework,
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Environmental Report for Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
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National Environmental Programme of the Republic of Hungary (NKP II. 2003-2008) and
National Environmental Action Programme of Slovenia,
National Operational Programmes for ERDF and Cohesion Fund in Slovenia,
Regional Development Programmes for Pomurje and Podravje,
Programmes to be financed through the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development
(EAFRD),
Trans European Network (TEN) and
Other National Policies and Programmes.
Course of SEA
Course of SEA was carried out as follows:
 The description of the current state of the environment and trends were based on the
selected guiding questions/indicators, mainly by description and summary.
 The environmental objectives and indicators were laid down according to the Strategic
documents in Hungary and Slovenia. The description is partly different for Hungary and
Slovenia because of different source of information, databases and monitoring systems in both
countries. Although not for all environmental indicators the same data sources have been
available on the both sides the described environmental state should provide comparability.
 The assessment of proposed activity fields has been done by a qualitative description of
positive or negative effects which are induced by priorities and each activity field of the
programming document (Relevance matrix). Since contents, purpose and implementation of
proposed activities of the programme are quite broad and not defined in detail it was
sometimes hard to evaluate possible impacts on environment. For each activity field possible
effect on the relevant issues and indicators were analysed so that alternative suggestions could
be made.
 Alternatives were given in the form of suggestions/recommendations to prevent, reduce and
offset adverse effect for the improvement of environmental performance of the programme.
 Mitigation measures and recommendations are to be implemented through the
programming document with the aim of reducing predicted impacts on the environment.
 The monitoring system for the programming document suggests some indicators for
measuring the impacts of implementation of the programme on environment.
In line with the SEA Directive the environmental authorities as well as general public had the
opportunity to express their opinion on the environmental report.
Final assessment
The European Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia – Hungary 2007
– 2013 is acceptable from the environmental aspect when mitigation measures suggested in
Environmental report are considered.
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Environmental Report for Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive summary _____________________________________________________________ 3
Table of contents _______________________________________________________________ 5
1. Introduction _________________________________________________________________ 7
1.1
Purpose of the strategic environmental assessment ________________________________ 7
1.2
Legal framework and environmental premises ___________________________________ 7
1.3
Methodology ______________________________________________________________ 10
1.4
Consultation of Environmental Authorities _____________________________________ 10
2. Scoping ____________________________________________________________________ 11
3. Information about the programme ______________________________________________ 12
3.1
Name of the programme __________________________________________________ 12
3.2
Programme goals and description __________________________________________ 12
3.3
Basic information on the programme’s priorities and activities ___________________ 12
3.4
Compliance of the OP with the EU, national and regional strategic frameworks _____ 14
3.5
Programme area ________________________________________________________ 16
3.6
Designated use of space___________________________________________________ 17
3.7
Planned period of programme implementation ________________________________ 17
3.8
Needs for natural resources _______________________________________________ 17
3.9
Emissions and waste _____________________________________________________ 17
4. Current state of the environment in the programme area ____________________________ 18
4.1
Current state of the environment and pressure on the environment________________ 18
4.2
State of the environment with environmental indicators _________________________ 32
4.2
Protected and degraded areas ______________________________________________ 34
4.4
Legal regimes in the protected areas ________________________________________ 36
5. The programme environmental objectives, criteria and assessment methods ____________ 38
5.1
Environmental objectives of the programme __________________________________ 38
5.2
Criteria and methods for assessment of impacts _______________________________ 43
6. Established impacts of the programme and their assessment _________________________ 45
6.1
Specification of the impacts of the programme on environment ___________________ 45
6.2
Assessment of impacts ____________________________________________________ 45
6.3
Mitigation measures, “alternatives” and their timeline __________________________ 49
7. Monitoring the state of the environment _________________________________________ 52
8. Note on the comprehensiveness of the report ______________________________________ 54
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Environmental Report for Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
10. Conclusion ________________________________________________________________ 55
11. Bibliography ______________________________________________________________ 56
Tables
Table 1: Basic information on the planned activities in the program area ...................................... 12
Table 2: Current state of the environment and trends per environmental goal in Slovenian
(Pomurje, Podravje) and in the Hungarian Regions Vas and Zala .................................................. 18
Table 3: State of the Environment in Indicators.............................................................................. 32
Table 4: Environmental objectives of the programme in the cooperation area ............................... 39
Table 5: The relevance matrix for assessment of impacts on environmental goals ........................ 44
Table 6: Specification of the impacts of the programme on environment ...................................... 46
Table 7: Assessment of impacts ...................................................................................................... 47
Table 8: Mitigating measures and recommendations ...................................................................... 49
Figures
Figure 1: Compliance of the OP with the EU, national and regional strategic frameworks ........... 15
Figure 2: Programme area ............................................................................................................... 17
Figure 3: Protected and degraded areas in Slovenia........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4: Protected and degraded areas in Hungary........................................................................ 34
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Environmental Report for Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of the strategic environmental assessment
The purpose of the strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is to establish the compliance of the
programme with the environmental objectives as set forth by the legislation and the strategic goals
at relevant levels, assess its impacts on the environment, nature, human health and cultural
heritage and to draw up efficient mitigation measures to be included in the programme, thus
making its environmental impacts acceptable.
The results of the process of strategic environmental assessment of the programme’s impacts on
the environment are the environmental report and the adjusted programme. The environmental
report is a document describing the entire assessment process and most important conclusions,
possible alternatives, impact assessment and mitigation measures. At the same time, the process of
the strategic environmental assessment of impacts on the environment encourages the public to
take part in the decision making process during programme approval.
The European Territorial Cooperation Programme Slovenia–Hungary 2007- 2013 was prepared
by the bilateral working group consisting of The Government Office for Local Self-government
and Regional Policy, Slovenia and Hungarian the National Office for Regional Development
(NORD)Agency and VÁTI Public Non-profit Company for Regional Development and Town
Planning, Hungary.
The decision whether strategic environmental assessment of a programme needs to be carried out
depends on characteristics of the programme and the possible impact of a programme on the
environment. The Government Office for Local Self-government and Regional Policy applied at
the SEA Sector of the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning of Republic of Slovenia for
decision whether it is necessary to conduct SEA for the Cross Border Operational Programme
Slovenia- Hungary 2007-2013 (application Nr. 400-74/2005-69, 7th August 2006 and 1st
September 2006). On the basis of the characteristics of the OP, the SEA Sector confirmed that it is
necessary to conduct SEA.
In the same process, the Nature Conservation Service of the Republic Slovenia was requested to
give an opinion on the necessity of assessment of impacts on protected areas and Natura 2000.
The opinion (Nr.4-V—537/2-O-06/UJ, 7th September 2006), showed that on this stage of a
programme, no assessment of impacts on protected areas and Natura 2000 is necessary. Since the
activities are not exactly defined and locations are not given, the Service suggests that the
assessment of impacts on protected areas and Natura 2000 should be carried out later on during
the programme execution.
1.2 Legal framework and environmental premises
Legal basis for execution of SEA for the Cross Border Operational Programme SloveniaHungary 2007-2013 is laid down in Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council on the Assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment
(Official Journal L 197 of 21.07.2001).
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The Directive 2001/42/EC is transposed in Slovene environmental legislation by:
o Environmental Protection Act (Official Gazette of the RS, nos. 41/04, 20/06, 39/06), Article
40 requires that in line with the principles of sustainable development, comprehensiveness and
prevention during preparation of a plan, programme, spatial or other acts, the implementation
of which may have an important impact on the environment, a strategic environmental
assessment of the impacts must be carried out;
o Decree laying down the content of environmental report and on detailed procedure for
the assessment of the effects on certain plans and programmes on the environment
(Official Journal of RS No. 73/2005);
o Decree on categories of projects for which an environmental impact assessment is mandatory
(Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 66/96, 12/00, 83/02);
o Decree on Natura 2000 areas (Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 49/04, 110/04);
o Rules on the assessment of acceptability of impacts caused by the execution of plans and
projects affecting nature in protected areas (Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 130/04, 53/06).
The Directive 2001/42/EC is transposed in Hungarian environmental legislation by:
o Government Decree No. 2/2005 (I. 11.) on the environmental assessment of certain plans and
programs
During the preparation of the environmental report for the strategic environmental assessment of
impacts of the European Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary
2007-2013 following legal acts has been considered:
for Slovene territory:
 Environmental Protection Act (Official Gazette of the RS, nos. 41/04, 20/06, 39/06),
 Nature Conservation Act (Official Gazette of the RS, no. 96/04);
 Spatial Planning Act (Official Gazette of the RS, no.110/02, 8/03, 58/03)
 Cultural Heritage Protection Act (Official Gazette of the RS, no.7/99)
 Water Act (Official Gazette of the RS, no.67/02, 2/04)
 Forest Act (Official Gazette of the RS, no.30/93, 13/98, 24/99, 56/99, 67/02, 110/02)
 Agricultural Land Act (Official Gazette of the RS, No.55/03)
 Convention on biological diversity (BGBl. Nr. 213/1995; Official Gazette of the RS, No.
30/95);
 The Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats – Bern
convention (Official Gazette of the RS, No 55/99)
 Convention on access to information, public participation in decision making and access to
justice in environmental matters (Aarhus Convention (1998));
 European convention for the Archaeological Heritage in Slovenia transposed by the Act
Ratifying of the European Archaeological heritage (Official Gazette of the RS, No. 7/99)
 European convention for the landscape in Slovenia transposed by the Act Ratifying of the
European Landscape Convention (Official Gazette of the RS, No. 19/03)
 European convention for the Architectural Heritage of Europe, European Treaty Series No.
121, Council of Europe, 1985) in Slovenia its validity is regulated by the Act on notifikaciji
nasledstva glede konvencije Sveta Evrope, Ženevskih konvencij in dodatnih protoklov o zaščiti
žrtev vojne in mednarodnih sporazumov s področja kontrole oborožitve, za katere so
depozitarji tri glavne jedrske sile (Official Gazette of the RS, No.14/92)
 National Development Programme,
 Resolution on National Environmental Action Plan (RNEAP) (Official Gazette of the RS, no.
2/06),
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Resolution on National Programme for Culture (ReNPK0407, Official Gazette of the RS, no.
28/04),
Resolution on the National Energy Programme,
Slovene Spatial Development Strategy (Official Gazette of the RS, no. 76/04),
National Water Management Programme, Operational programme for the protection of water
against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural production for 2004 – 2008;
Operational programme for reaching the national upper emission limits of external air
pollutants;
Operational programme for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions until 2012;
Operational programme for drainage and treatment of wastewater (2004 - 2015);
Resolution on the Transport Policy of the Republic of Slovenia (RTPRS);
National Road Transport Safety Programme 2007 – 2011 (Official Gazette of the RS, no.
63/02);
White Paper European transport policy for 2010: time to decide (Official Journal C 043 E,
19/02/2004)).
Sixth EU framework action programme (COM(2001) 31 final),
EU Sustainable Development Strategy (COM(2005) 658 final);
Thematic Strategy on Urban Environment (COM(2005) 718 final);
Green Paper on EU Energy Efficiency (COM(2005) 265 final);
Guidelines for planning for Strategy for Spatial Development of Slovenia: Development of
Activities for Cultural Heritage Protection and Cultural Heritage Protection (June, 2003).
for Hungarian territory:
 National Strategic Reference Framework of the Republic of Hungary (NFT II. 2007-2013)
 National Environmental Programme of the Republic of Hungary (NKP II. 2003-2008)
 Water Management Act (1995. évi LVII. tv. a vízgazdálkodásról)
 Act on fishing (1997. évi XLI.tv. a halászatról, horgászatról)
 Nature Conservation Act (1996. évi LIII. tv. a természet védelméről)
 Regulation of the Natura 2000 sites (275/2004. Korm.rend. a közösségi jelentőségő
természetvédelmi rendeltetésű területekről-NATURA 2000)
 Forest Act (1996. évi LIV. tv. az erdőről és az erdő védelméről)
 Act of the protection of games and hunting (1996. évi LV.tv. a vad védelméről, a vadászatról)
 Act of the agricultural land (1994. évi LV. tv. a termőföldről)
 Regulation of the air pollution (21/2001. Korm.rend. a levegő védelmével kapcsolatos egyes
szabályokról )
 Act of the waste management (2000. évi XLIII. tv. a hulladékgazdálkodásról)
 Environmental protection Act (1995. LIII.tv. a környezet védelmének általános szabályairól)
 Mining Act (1993. évi XLVIII. tv. a bányászatról)
 National Environental Program II., 2003-2008 (Nemzeti Környezetvédelmi Program II., 20032008)
Environmental premises in the preparation of Environmental Report are:
 environmental objectives of the programme,
 the criteria of evaluation and
 the methodology for evaluation the impacts of the programme on environment, nature, human
health and cultural heritage.
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1.3
Methodology
The screening (phase one of the strategic environmental assessment) determines whether an
operational programme requires a strategic environmental assessment. This phase was carried out
by SEA Sector of the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning of Republic of Slovenia. SEA
Sector confirmed that it is necessary to carry out the Strategic Environmental Assessment for the
programme.
In the second step we prepared the description of the current state of the environment and trends,
including selected indicators.
The environmental objectives were determined on the basis of the state of the environment and
objectives of strategic documents in Slovenia and Hungary (e.g. Slovene National Environmental
Action Plan (NEAP) 2005 – 2013, National Environmental Program II., 2003-2008…).
According to the planned activities of the programme, we specified the possible impacts on
environment, nature, population and health, energy, waste and cultural heritage and landscape. In
this stage we also determined if the impacts are direct, indirect, cumulative, permanent or
temporary. The specification of possible impacts or methodology used in this step was based on
our expert opinion.
Further on we evaluated the predicted impacts of proposed activities on environmental objectives.
Finally we prepared mitigation measures and suggested some recommendations. Alternatives were
given in the form of suggestions/recommendations to prevent, reduce and offset adverse effect for
the improvement.
1.4
Consultation of Environmental Authorities
In order to evaluate the impacts correctly, propose useful mitigation measures and adjust the OP in
line with the conclusions of the strategic environmental assessment, the following organizations
need to be consulted with, if appropriate:
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persons in charge of preparation of the Operational Programme,
Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning, Sector for strategic environmental
assessment (the “SEA Sector”),
Hungarian Ministry of Environment and Water,
The Environment Agency of the Republic of Slovenia,
Inspectorate of Environmental Protection of the Republic of Hungary
Nature Protection Service of the Republic of Slovenia
Cultural Heritage Protection Service of the Republic of Slovenia
SZE KMT (Széchenyi István University, Department of Environment)
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2. SCOPING
Scoping is a phase of strategic environmental assessment in which basic information on the
programme is examined in order to establish which contents require a strategic environmental
assessment, what level of data processing is needed and how the environmental report will be
prepared.
Possible environmental impacts on the following elements were evaluated:
 elements which are affected by the location of the measure under assessment (or their
projects):
o fauna, flora,
o soil, water,
o air,
o cultural heritage,
o landscape;
 elements which are affected by the type and size of the measure under assessment (or their
projects):
o local inhabitants,
o human health,
o use of natural resources,
o energy consumption,
o material goods.
We determined that, due to the general description of the priorities and activities, all issues should
be covered in the environmental report (environment, nature, population and health, energy, waste
and cultural heritage and landscape).
It has been found that some activities implemented under the operational programme will have
environmental impacts. However, generally the Operational Programme is very environmentoriented and most of the measures for its implementation are focused on improvement of
environment and quality of life in the programming region. Moreover, taking into account certain
mitigation measures and recommendations during the adaptation and upgrading of the operational
programme the programme’s environmental impacts will be decreased considerably.
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3. INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROGRAMME
3.1
Name of the programme
The environmental report deals with the European Territorial Cooperation Operational
Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013 (version: 18th January 2007).
3.2 Programme goals and description
The Operational Programme is a document which implements the strategy of the Programme
according to the analysis of the current situation (strengths and weaknesses) in the Pomurje and
Podravje region in Slovenia and the Vas and Zala counties in Hungary.
The programme is designed exclusively for the creation of favourable conditions for economic
growth of the cross-border region with the help of the tourist sector and with an emphasis on the
improvement of living conditions and sustainable growth. In order to achieve this, a strategy needs
to be developed which takes into account the three elements of sustainability: economic, social
and environmental.
The strategic objective of the operational programme Slovenia - Hungary 2007-2013 is therefore:
To place cross border region on the European map as cultural, health and natural precious
area for living and working.
The strategy to address this strategic objective is to:
 develop a competitive and sustainable cooperation area that offers access to work and income
opportunity,
 create preconditions for positive effects in the fields of rural development and tourism,
 develop joint management capacities for preservation and conservation of natural and cultural
assets,
 promote regional and cultural identity,
 strengthen regional development and health cooperation,
 create better connections in cross border traffic and transport,
 support environmental protection and increase the use of renewable energy sources,
 improve management capacity, including environmental management,
 encourage networking (i.e. development of cross border institutions, capacities for regional
development).
3.3
Basic information on the programme’s priorities and activities
Table 1: Basic information on the planned activities in the program area
Priority axis
Activity Field
1. Increase the
attractiveness of
the cooperation
area
1.1. Development of
a Joint Tourist
Destination
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Planned Activities
 Preparation of business/marketing strategies and plans for the
development of joint tourist destination.
 Development of existing and new tourist products and services.
 An upgrade of tourist infrastructure (e.g. cycling / walking paths).
 Cooperation of tourist sector with other fields (cultural and natural
heritage, ethnology, religion, rural products, arts etc.).
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1.2. Preservation
and Development of
Culture
1.3. Improvement of
Cross border
Traffic Connections
2.1. Regional
Development
Cooperation
2. Sustainable
Development
2.2. Preventive
Health Care
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
 Activities supporting small scale revitalisation and restoration of cultural
heritage.
 Establish networks among local media providers acting in public interest
and to the better understanding of cultural differences and similarities of
the area.
 Cooperation of cultural institutions such as museums, libraries and
archives in the field of promotion of the contemporary culture and arts.
 Cooperation between schools and other vocational institutions raising
awareness and emphasizing cultural differences.
 Implementation of joint events, festivals, exhibitions by artists in the
cooperation area, being writers, painters or others.
 Development of new culture related products, services and events.
 Culture of different areas should become a topic in exchange and research
projects, stressing the diversity in languages (Slovenian, Hungarian,
Roma and variety of dialects), art tradition, ethnology, religion etc. The
reading culture shall be encouraged.
 Smaller investments regarding the upgrading of the roads will be
encouraged e.g. roads between cross border villages, cycling routs, which
lead through the border.
 Improvement of public transport system across the border should be
targeted. This should offer better access to cross border opportunities for
employees, customers and tourists.
 Transport planning for improvement of the cross border links and level of
services, joint market research, feasibility studies, organisational
concepts, promotion of use of public transport could be supported.
 Development of sustainable networks of regional development
institutions in different sectors will develop a pipeline of joint cross
border projects for further development initiatives. Preparation of new
projects (pipeline) for further development potentials.
 Development of common labour services, such as exchange of
information on legislative requirements, training programmes designed to
tackle common needs.
 Co-operation between health care service providers: identification of
health/social care needs; planning and implementation of resource sharing
initiatives; joint purchase and use of medical equipments; joint R&D
activity and trainings; exchange of good practices and assistance to the
people living in the closest vicinity of the border.
 Creation of joint services: joint emergency response planning including
the development of communication linkages; co-operation in the field of
special medicinal cares; the on-line co-operations on patient coordination
etc.
 In the field of preventative health care different institutions should be
linked in order to spread awareness on healthy living style: e.g. food
preparation and consumption, drug prevention, prevention of risk by
typical diseases.
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2.3. Environment
Protection and
Management
2.4. Efficient
Energy Use
3. Technical assistance
Human resources
development
Horizontal
activities
Information society
 Joint management solutions in the filed of management of existing and
planned nature parks/protected areas, e.g. public awareness raising, joint
park promotion, elaborating development potentials, transfer of know
how.
 Preservation of the biodiversity should be supported both through direct
activities connected to preservation and through increase of awareness of
the wider population and visitors, and promotion of cooperation with
other land users.
 Cooperation in the field of environmental management, such as knowhow transfer and technology development in the field of noise, fine dust,
waste management and activities concerning the protection of joint water
resources.
 Cooperation in development of joint strategies and plans related to risk
prevention; environment protection and actions in the case of natural
hazards (e.g. flood protection).
 Activities concerning the protection of joint water resources (e.g.
connection of households into small WWTP) and the access to joint
systems of clean drinking water.
 Development and implementation of pilot projects in various fields are to
be supported in order to promote the use of renewable energy sources.
 Transfer of best practices and concepts should be encouraged, e.g. the use
of renewable energy sources in the public traffic and at the local levels.
 The European Territorial Cooperation in the field of efficient use of
energy, e.g. development of measures for reducing energy consumption
in households and enterprise sector, implementation of pilot projects,
awareness rising, training and promotion activities will be supported.
 preparation of the Programme and its further development;
 ensuring the effective and responsible implementation of the Programme;
 special expertise for the appraisal of project applications;
 establishment and support of monitoring, evaluation and control systems
including Control Unit;
 drafting of reports and preparation or monitoring of activities; publicity
and promotional activities (certain work can be carried out by
consultants);
Human resources development (HRD) is regarded in this Programme as an
important element for the entire strategy and is of high relevance for the
selected priority axes. HRD is therefore not regarded as a strategic field of
action as such, but rather as a strategic tool, which should strengthen and
give support to the other activity fields described in the programme priority
axes.
Information society is to be understood as a horizontal tool to support
achievement of priority axes objectives. The Programme stimulates usage of
information society for the purpose of environment management and
protection, preservation and revitalisation of nature and culture and in
setting up and usage of coordination mechanisms.
3.4 Compliance of the OP with the EU, national and regional
strategic frameworks
In accordance with the Lisbon strategy and its goal to “to become the most competitive and
dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable economic growth with
more and better jobs and greater social cohesion” within the next ten years, the SloveneHungarian cross-border region sees its strengths in its environment highly valued for living and
working and for its cultural, health and natural features.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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The European Community strategic guidelines on cohesive policy have defined three priorities for
Structural Funds in the period 2007 – 2013, focusing on the Lisbon (competitiveness) and
Goteborg (sustainability) goals. The ERDF Regulation (Article 6) focuses on individual crossborder activities.
The National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) of the Republic of Slovenia is a
subcategory of the National Development Programme (NDP). The NDP consists of all
developmental-investment programmes and projects in Slovenia between 2007 and 2013 which
will be financed or co-financed from the national or municipal budget. Specific goals of the NDP
are:
- to increase the economic, social and environmental capital and
- to increase efficiency in terms of competitiveness, quality of life and sustainable
consumption of natural resources.
The NSRF includes programmes and projects from the NDP which will be co-financed from the
EU budget and will improve the criteria for new EU cohesion policies between 2007 and 2013.
Apart from that, the operational programme needs to comply with the NSRF and the European
Strategic Guidelines.
OP Strategic goal:
To place cross border region
on the European map as
cultural, health and natural
precious area for living and
working.
Regional development
strategic objectives:
Introduce innovation through
the use of renewable sources
of energy.
Assure optimal conditions for
health and better living
conditions.
Community Strategic
Guideline 1
Improve the attractiveness
of regions by improving
their accessibility, ensuring
adequate quality and level
of services and preserving
their environmental
potential.
OP Priority axe 1
Increase the
attractiveness of the
cooperation area
OP Priority axe 2
Sustainable
development
NDP / NSRF Objectives:


increased economic,
social and environmental
capital
increased efficiency in
terms of economic
competitiveness, quality of
living and sustainable use
of natural resources.
Figure 1: Compliance of the OP with the EU, national and regional strategic frameworks
The National Strategic Reference Framework of the Republic of Hungary derives its strategy from
two concepts, namely the National Development Concept and the National Spatial Planning
Concept, which also set medium and long-term spatial goals for the border regions. The NSRF
was drawn up in line with the Community’s Strategic Guidelines, and its main goal is the increase
of economic growth and employability together with the horizontal principles of sustainability and
equal opportunities.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Article 45 of the Council Regulation proposal on general provisions on the European Regional
Development Fund, European Social Fund and Cohesion Fund from 14 July 2004 states that
Community’s Strategic Guidelines, national strategic reference frameworks and operational
programmes are being evaluated according to the Community’s strategic goals, Article 158 of the
Treaty and specific structural difficulties of the member countries and regions, taking into account
their needs for sustainable development and appropriate legislation of the Community according
to environmental impacts and environmental strategic assessment.
Several other programmes and strategies are important for the implementation of the Operational
Programme which is subordinate to them in importance, content and implementation period. In
order to determine their compliance with a broader strategic context of the OP, comparisons
against the following programmes and strategies were made:
 Sixth Environment Action Programme of the European Community;
 White Paper European transport policy for 2010: Time to Decide;
 National Environmental Action Programme (Resolution on National Environmental Action
Plan (RNEAP), Official Gazette of the RS, no. 2/06;
 Spatial Planning Strategy of Slovenia (Ordinance on Spatial Planning Strategy of Slovenia,
OrSPSRS), Official Gazette of the RS, no. 76/04;
 National Energy Programme (Resolution on National Energy Plan (ReNEP), Official Gazette
of the RS, no. 57/04);
 Hungarian National Environmental Program (NK II. 2003-2008)
 National Strategic Reference Framework of the Republic of Hungary (NFT II. 2007-2013)
3.5
Programme area
The programme area of the European Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme SloveniaHungary 2007-2013 are the Pomurje and Podravje region in Slovenia and the counties of Vas and
Zala in Hungary. The programme area covers 10.658 km2.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
Figure 2: Programme area
3.6
Designated use of space
The designated use of space is determined by municipal planning acts and due to its scale cannot
be presented in the environmental reports.
3.7
Planned period of programme implementation
The implementation of the OP is planned for the period between 2007 and 2013. According to the
n+2 rule, funds can be used for two years after the programme period, i.e. until 2015.
3.8
Needs for natural resources
For all planned new constructions new land will be required for the development. Especially in
case of green-field site development this can have impacts on the preservation of natural and water
resources as well as energy consumption for enabling accessibility of the area. In case of brownfield site development, there might be some negative impact on groundwater, but on the other
hand there might be positive impact of reuse and contamination clean-up of the sites.
The activities will mostly contribute towards an increased consumption of energy and water.
3.9
Emissions and waste
Due to development of the transport infrastructure and the economy, atmospheric emissions, waste
water emissions and soil and water risk in the event of accidents will increase. Research and
development into new environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technologies and the
purchase of such technologies will decrease the emissions to a certain extent, but surely not by as
much as they will increase.
During infrastructure construction a great quantity of waste, especially building waste, will be
created which will need to be built into the infrastructure or disposed in an appropriate way.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
4. CURRENT STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE PROGRAMME AREA
4.1 Current state of the environment and pressure on the environment
Basic information about the planned activities is presented in the table below.
Table 2: Current state of the environment and trends per environmental goal in Slovenian (Pomurje, Podravje) and in the Hungarian Regions Vas
and Zala
Issue:
Country
Current state
Trends and State without
the implementation of OP
Issue:
Country
Current state
Climate change
Slovenia

Total GHG emissions (net) 14302.192 (in CO2 equivalent (Gg));

Total exhaust emissions (net) 4259.370 (in CO2 equivalent (Gg));

Total energy emissions (net) 6314.634 (in CO2 equivalent (Gg));

Total waste and waste water management emissions (net) 654.670 (in
CO2 equivalent (Gg)).
Decreasing GHG emissions after 1986, min. in 1991-1992, followed by an
increase, especially after 2000, in particular in the energy industry –
practically at the level from 1986. In the period 1990-2003 CH4 and PFCs
emissions were decreased, N2O and SF6 emissions stagnated, HFCs
emissions increased.
The trend shows an average annual increase by 2.2%.
Taking into account traffic growth and economic productivity, the increase
of GHG emissions would continue to be faster than GHG sinks.
Air
Slovenia
In 2004 the emissions were:
 SO2 – 54,1 kt, in 2000 to 2004 decrease for 45%; limit value for 2010 –
27 kt
 NOx – 57.5 kt, in 2000 to 2004 decrease fo 3 %; limit value for 2010 –
45 kt
 PM10 – 9.08 Mg;
 Pb – 14.44 Mg;
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Hungary
The planning region has got much smaller emission values in comparison to
the national average, so the emission of greenhouse-gases can be considered
relatively low. This is due to the fact, that there is only few industrial units or
conurbations with big emission potentials on both the Hungarian and
Slovenian side. The presence of greenhouse gases will increase in the region
however due to external affects. It can be stated as a summary, that the effect
of the planning area to climate change is negligible and not relevant due to its
size and characteristic.
For the future it is assumed, that the emissions remain stable (although small
increases are possible) - in any case a clear separation of emissions and GDP
growth could be reached and maintained. The trend prognosis follows the
assessment of Hungary’s Report on Demonstrable Progress under Article 3.2
of the Kyoto Protocol, in line with Decisions 22/CP.7 and 25/CP.8 of the
UNFCCC (Hungarian Ministry of Environment and Water, 2005).
Note: The assessment is reduced to the time frame till the year 2013, for the
longer future the trend prognosis according to the above mentioned report
describes a relevant increase of greenhouse gas emissions.
Hungary
In Hungary air quality is most significantly defined by traffic and industry.
Household heating influences it too. Generally said air quality is appropriate in
most of the settlements in the region except from the heavily industrialized
cities. Here further improvements are required.
Over that in the last decade rapidly rising truck traffic on the main routes
caused significant deterioration. On the transnational level guidelines with the
goal to decrease the emissions and immissions were issued by the European
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 CO – 82.17 kt
 NH3 – 17,3 kt, limit value for 2010 –20 kt
 VOC- 46,3 kt; in 2000 to 2004 decrease for 8%; limit value for 2010 –40
kt
In that year the air was excessively polluted with the ozone and particles.
SO2 concentrations exceeded marginal values only in the areas of the
thermal power plants in Trbovlje and Šoštanj and in Krško. CO2
concentrations did not exceed the marginal values in urban areas where
measurements were taken. Total annual concentration values of NOx
exceeded the annual margin. Pb and CO values were very low. Benzene
and heavy metal pollution was below the margin values as well.
The decrease of solid fuel use after 1997 and the increase of natural gas use
(13.1% - since 1992 the rise has been 50%); liquid fuel 36.5%; heavy
increase of energy consumption in traffic and other fields (households,
public and service sector, agriculture, decrease in the industry sector – in the
energy balance of 2001 there is a significant rise in the traffic share (30.8%)
and a significant decrease in the industry sector (28.5%).
Trends and State without
the implementation of OP
Pomurska and Podravje region:
Slovene legislative divides Slovenia into 4 zones of air quality and 2
agglomerations (Ljubljana and Maribor). Pomurska and Podravska region
are part of SI1 zone of air quality, which also contains the agglomeration of
Maribor (SIM). SI1 zone was in 2005 declared as zone of air quality with
“exceeded marginal value + permissible deviation” for fine dust (PM10) and
ozone (O3), while SIM agglomeration was declared as zone of air quality
with “exceeded marginal value + permissible deviation” for ozone (O3).
There are 2 air quality monitoring stations included into national air quality
monitoring network in the cooperation area – Maribor and Murska SobotaRakičan. In 2005 emissions attained these levels:
 Maribor: SO2 – 8 µg/m3, NOx – 60 µg/m3, PM10 – 43 µg/m3,
Pb – < 1 ng/m3, CO – 3,4 mg/m3, O3 – 43 µg/m3 (8 hrs), Benzene – /,
 Murska Sobota – Rakičan: SO2 – 5 µg/m3, NOx – 20 µg/m3, PM10 –
37 µg/m3, Pb – /, CO – /, O3 – 31 µg/m3 (8 hrs), Benzene – /.
Since 2004 air quality in SI1 zone deteriorated because of increased
pollution with fine dust (PM10). In SIM agglomeration pollution with ozone
(O3) deteriorated, while pollution with fine dust (PM10) was reduced
The state will follow trend:

SO2 emissions will decrease;

average annual air pollution with NO2 will remain below the margin
level at all measurement

average annual concentration of CO will be decreasing,
average annual concentrations of the ozone will stagnate,
SO2 concentrations would most likely decrease; especially NO2 and O3
concentrations, PM10 concentrations would increase due to heavier traffic;
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Union. The NEC directive ("national emission ceiling") fixes national emission
goals for the member states.
In Hungary the reduction efforts between 1980 and 1995 were significant. The
total amount of emissions could be decreased from 1600 kt to about 700 kt
further reductions were made since then. 2002 the total amount of emissions
was already bellow 400 kt. The major reduction ratio was archived from the
industrial sector, due to structural changes, reorganization and modernization.
The largest single sector which is responsible for most emissions today is
electricity generation (thermal power plants).
In Hungary NOx emissions in 1990 were about 238 kt and they should be
reduced to 198 kt in 2010. Hungary’s per inhabitant NOx emissions are among
EU’s lowest (2001: Hungary: 18,2 kg/inhabitant; Austria: 24,8 kg/inhabitant).
On the Hungarian side of the programming region the highest PM10
concentrations can be found in Zala county, here the region around Keszthely
is among Hungary’s most affected
Hungary’s emission ceiling for the year 2010 are 550 kt SO2-emissions (in
comparison to the emissions in 1990 this means a reduction of 46%). This
reduction goal is already archived. During the last years NOx emission were
held stable bellow the emission ceiling for the year 2010.
In relation of the most important pollutants (SO2, NOx, CO2), a continuous
emission decrease could be observed in Hungary between 1990 and 2005,
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
current trends would continue.

Traffic emission share would still rise, fossil fuel would still fall due to
biomass and increased use of natural gas, which is why NOx emissions
would decrease, SO2 emissions would stagnate (less coal, less
biomass) HOS emissions will decrease due to legislative requirements.
NH3 emissions would decrease due to intensification of agriculture and
proper treatment of manure.
Issue:
Country
Current state
Waters
Slovenia
Surface waters:
Monitoring of life conditions for freshwater fish species, sea shells and
snails is currently in the phase of implementation. In 2004 areas of surface
water for protection of economically important water species were
determined and regulations on immission monitoring of surface water
quality passed. In the same year 20 bathing water areas and 17 natural
bathing sites were determined, but none of them is situated in cooperation
area.
In 2000 there were 543 sources of pollution – 86 sources were mostly
biodegradable waste waters form the food-processing industry, 457 sources
were from the industry; point sources do not display serious heavy weight
emissions (e.g. Hg, Cd, etc.) into the waters - the biggest pollution sources
were metal and chemical industries, mostly on the Sava river.
There are great differences in the quality of drinking water in Slovenia.
Microbiological tests, which mostly look for excrement contamination, the
differences are clearly linked to water-system size. There is a number of
small systems (approx. 80%) in which the share of infected microbiological
samples is almost 50%; excrement contamination is present in approx. 30%
of these samples. However, these systems supply water only for approx.
10% of the population.
The morphological character of the water courses can be seen in the
environmental atlas prepared by the Environmental Agency of the Republic
of Slovenia.
Floods:
In Slovenia there are over 300,000 ha of flood-risk areas, 2500 ha of which
are urban areas and 94.000 ha of which face a higher risk or large-scale
floods; 42% of them are in the Drava river basin More than a quarter of the
population of Slovenia lives in the area of possible catastrophic floods. 41%
of water flowing through the territory of Slovenia comes from Austria,
including Drava and Mura river. There are no available data about which
measures for insuring flood safety are being currently implemented.
Pomurje region:
 Flood damage in 2005 was 463 mio. SIT.
Podravje region:
 Flood damage in 2005 was 23 mio. SIT.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
which is true especially for SO2.
Hungary
On the Hungarian side of the programming region the West-Danubian Region
belongs to the Danube catchment area. Part-catchment areas of the Danube
watershed are Rába, Marcal, Zala and the Dráva-Mura system. Concerning the
surface water-quality it can generally be stated that larger rivers have mediumquality while smaller brooks are heavier polluted.
There is tap water in every settlement but sewage treatment is adequate in only
little more than half of the households. Thus there is constant danger of gradual
contamination of surface and ground water, causing already reasonable
environmental and health problems.
In Europe sub-surface waters are an important source for drinking water and a
habitat for different water and land ecological systems. So sub-surface waters
quality and quantity is of high importance.
Human disturbances into the hydrologic cycle can have deep effects on the
quality and quantity of the sub-surface waters. The largest dangers come from
agricultural chemicals (e.g. fertilizers and pesticide), from local contamination
sources (e.g. industrial sites, dumps) and from the excessive use of sub-surface
waters. So many sub-surface waters bodies suffer from a degradation of the
water quality and a reduction of the quantity of water.
Sub-surface waters-resources on the Hungarian part of the programming region
are mostly inappropriate for human use, water is used for sprinkling water in
agriculture. Raw waters in West-Dunántúl do not require chemical treatment.
Here the rate of water requiring cleaning is lower than the national average.
Some quality parameters according to EU’s limit values are not meet by 40%
of tap water.
From the economic point the most important natural resource of the region is
thermal and healing water that emerge in an relatively equal distribution in the
region (prominent ones: Hévíz, Bük, Sárvár, Zalakaros, Balf, Lenti).
To reach the EU’s requirements on sewage water treatment (directive
91/271/EWG) Hungary started a national action plan which is supposed to be
concluded till the year 2015.
Sewage treatment develops rapidly. The ideal solution for sparsely populated
areas is near-natural clearing plants although there is a lack of necessary
specialists and authority structures for a faster diffusion of these systems.
Despite these problems more model projects are and have been under planning
and construction.
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Ground waters:
Between 1993 and 2003 aquifiers show a trend of decreased concentrations
for many chemical parameters but the situation in 2003 was still evaluated
as bad at all 13 aquifiers. The reason is mostly high contents of nitrates,
sulphates and pesticides, values of which vary a lot from case to case.
In NE Slovenia (Prekmursko-Mursko polje) margin value for nitrate content
was exceeded in 2004. Compared to other countries, the relatively high
number of aquifiers affected by the nitrates in Slovenia is due to a great
share of alluvial aquifiers in the lowlands with intensive agriculture.
Arithmetic mean values for total pesticides found in ground water in 2004
did not exceed the margin value of 0.5 µg/l at any measurement spots. The
highest share of margin values is represented by atrazine and its metabolite
desetilatrazine.
In 2000 pesticide content was exceeded at 7 out of 13 aquifiers – among
them also Prekmursko, Dravsko and Ptujsko polje in the programming area),
mostly due to metolachlorine, atrazine and desetilatrazine.
Nitrates: the most polluted aquifiers are in NE Slovenia, average content in
the period 1998-2000 still above the margin value in Prekmursko, Mursko,
Apaško, Dravsko, Ptujsko polje.
Drinking water in Slovenia:
 Water potential is 32.1 km3/year, 16,000 m3/year/inhabitant on average.
 Water consumption per inhabitant in 1996 was 112 l/day.
 In Slovenia the average use of drinking water in 2004 was 146 l/day per
inhabitant.
Ground water is the main source of drinking water. 16,000
m3/year/inhabitant on average – significantly above the European average.
Ground water supply varies greatly – 2/3 of the supplies are in the central
part of the country, the least of it is in the extreme NE part of the country
(Mura river basin) and in the extreme SW of the country (seaside area).
Pomurje region:
 Total amount of water used from public waterworks: 6.463 mio. m3;
 Water supply for households in 2005: 3.258 mio. m3;
 Water supply from public waterworks for commercial activities in 2005:
2.094 mio. m3;
 Total amount of water lost in public waterworks in 2005: 1.111 mio. m3.
Podravje region:
 Total amount of water used from public waterworks: 22.608 mio. m3;
 Water supply for households in 2005: 12.077 mio. m3;
 Water supply from public waterworks for commercial activities in 2005:
4.577 mio. m3;
Total amount of water lost in public waterworks in 2005: 5.466 mio. m3.
Waste water:
 31. 12. 2015 is the deadline for collection, disposal and cleaning of waste
water in compliance with directives 91/271EEC and 2000/60/EEC. Two
intermediate deadlines were set for sensitive areas with more than 10.000
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
(31. 12. 2008) and 15.000 inhabitants (31. 12. 2010).
 In 2004 94,831 (1000 m3) were cleaned; in 2003 SIT 27,383 million
were spent for waste water management.
The state will follow the trend:
Surface waters:
 increased share in the second quality class (good condition), due to
decrease of heavily polluted water courses, not changed state in class
four
 The morphological aspect of water courses will improve, due to the more
environmentally friendly management of water courses t
Floods:
The increase of large water courses and the decrease of small and
medium-sized water courses will continue.
 Flood-risk will remain the same or will increase, due to larger water
courses. In the case of floods, the damage will be increased, due to
inappropriate locations of the activities.

Trends and State without
the implementation of OP
Ground waters:
 In general, the trend of decreasing pollution of ground waters with
nitrates and pesticides will remain, due to old problems (industry) and
illegal waste disposal sites (household waste).
 The use of pesticides will decrease.
Sewage water:
The number of treatment plants, the amount/share of treated waste water and
the efficiency of treatment plants will increase.
Till the year 2015 - when the implementation of the national action plan should
be finalized – the problem of inadequate tap water will affect 4.4 million
people (source: Hungarian Water Centre and Public Archives Water
Directorate).
The tasks in the region are carried out according to the Water Directive. The
following processes will characterize water management:
- the improvement of the conditions and the protection of ecosystems
connected directly to water (water ecosystems and land ecosystems directly
depending on water ecosystems)
- sustainable water use based on the long term protection of the utilizable water
resources
- the improvement of water quality with the decrease of pollutant outlet
(emission)
- the progressive decrease of the pollution of underground waters and the
prevention of their further pollution
-decrease of the effects of floods and droughts
In general, it can be stated that there are positive tendencies regarding the
conditions of water in the region. Despite this, there are cases which should be
treated in a stressed manner in the future. Among these, those contaminations
should be mentioned, which form outside the region and reach the region at a
later stage. An example for this is the pollution of the Rába river on the
Austrian side causing a serious problem in the past few years.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
Issue:
Country
Current state
Nature
Slovenia
There are no data in how many interventions in the protected areas,
compensatory measures were conducted.
The largest share of the endangered plants and animals in Slovenia:
amphibians, mammals, birds. Habitat types with a greater number of
endangered species due to a loss of their habitat types are mostly dry and
humid meadows and static and running water.
Pomurje and Podravje region:
 Number of Natura 2000 sites in Pomurje and Podravje region – 35 (29
pSCI, 6 SPA; in Slovenia the total is 286 - 260 PSCI, 26 SPA).
 Number of important ecological areas in Pomurje and Podravje region –
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Hungary
Also on the Hungarian side of the programming region are rich natural values.
The environmental status compared to the other Hungarian regions and to the
national average is good. There are three National Parks (Őrségi NP, Balatoni
NP), protected landscape areas and nature conservation areas.
Kőszegi- and Sághegyi Protected Landscape Area can be found in Vas county.
Presently there is no protected landscape area in Zala county as the previously
existing ones (Keszthelyi-hegység PLA, Kis-Balaton PLA, Szentgyörgyvölgyi
PLA) were merged into National Parks. Further two PLAs - CsörnöcHerpenyő PLA and Mura-menti PLA – waits for annunciation.
Beside other aimed programs (like biofarming) the experimental introduction
of the so-called Sensitive Natural Areas (SNA) has recently been started as
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38.
 Number of protected areas in Pomurje and Podravje region – 107.
 957 natural heritage spots and 366 natural heritage areas.
Individual programmes of protection within different protection
frameworks are overlapping (for example in the entire Slovenia 25 %
of total Natura 2000 area includes 60 % of Natura sites that are both
pSCI and SPA).
None of the protected areas has a management plan, a management
plan is being prepared for Goričko Landscape Park and Eastern
Pohorje.
The map below shows protected areas, Natura 2000 areas (SPA,
pSCI) and ecological important areas.
Natural heritage units or spots are not shown because of the
readability of the map, but can be viewed on the nature protection
atlas website
(http://kremen.arso.gov.si/NVatlas/users/login.asp?refurl=%2FNVatla
s%2Fewmap.asp).

Trends and State without
the implementation of OP


Interventions in nature and their impacts will be decreased with the
compensatory measures.
Not controlled interventions in the natural environment will decrease
biodiversity.
Impact mitigation measures will be more and more appropriate.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
part of the Natural Agri-Environmental Programme (NAEP). ŐrségVendvidék became SNA model area in the West-Hungarian Region. Alas in
the first round no SNA was appointed in Zala county
Also in Hungary allocation of Natura 2000 areas has been carried out. For
plans or projects, which can affect a Natura 2000 area individually or in
combination with other plans or projects, an impact assessment is compulsory.
So a preferable preservation status due to the Natura 2000 regulations can be
guaranteed for the protected areas.
Beside the protected areas the unregulated section of the river Rába is Europewide significant among the non-protected areas.
A habitat (biotope) is defined as an area with specific environmental
conditions, that area is the location of a characteristically organized
partnership of animal and plant types.
In the programming area many unique natural sites can be found, so also the
density of protected areas is high. In Hungary many areas (marsh, well,
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



An increasing number of Protected Areas will have a Management Plan.
Awareness of the visitors and interest in nature conservation is
increasing. The number of visits of the Protected Areas is increasing and
natural history/conservation tourism is being developed.
The number of projects is increasing; in case the projects are conducted
in the natural environment in an inapropriate way or without control,
biodiversity can decrease.
Mitigation measures of the plans and projects will be more and more
important in the future.
Current state
The legislative frame of nature conservation is assured on the Hungarian side
of the planning area. Most of the habitats and areas having priority natural
values have been designated protected. However, the implementation of
significant economy development programmes in the future can cause a
serious threat to the natural values if the nature conservation authorities
cannot protect these natural values with the applicable means. For this reason,
the natural values which are situated outside the protected areas are highly
endangered. The protection of these can be assured -among others- through
agri-environmental programmes and sustainable area and economy
development programmes.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
Issue:
Country
alkaline lake) are generally protected “ex lege” - which means national laws
protect them because of their pure existence (wetlands, water bodies and their
shore lands). Cross-boarder cooperation has some tradition in nature
protection.
Cultural and landscape heritage
Slovenia

The number of built cultural heritage units in Slovenia is 23,781 (in
2005), the number of integral heritage units is 416 and the number of
movable cultural heritage units is 11.
 Investments in Slovenia: in 2001, SIT 1,430,836,218; in 2002, SIT
1,054,163,660 In 2003: 242 investments, in 2004: 191 investments in
 In 1998 landscape subunits and extraordinary landscapes were evaluated,
and a part of Goričko was declared as one of them.
Hungary
On the Hungarian side of the programming region protection concerns and
renovation measured were intensified in the last years. Describe it, give facts.
 In 2005 there were 3.277 objects of cultural heritage, 2.538 areas
of cultural heritage and 9 areas with special protection of cultural
heritage in the programming area.
 Diversity and dispersion of heritage and its connection to
attractive and diverse cultural landscape is typical for Slovenia
and its regions rather more than exceptional individual art or
cultural monuments. It is typical that they appear »in series«, all
of this is the result of interaction of geography and history and
represents characteristic and competitive advantage of Slovenia.
 Lately, the number of permanent damage and loss of objects and
areas of cultural heritage (or their heritage features) is increasing.
Under threat are especially: heritage settlements, castles
(numerous are completely abandoned), heritage buildings –
especially the ones that are not protected as a monument both in
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
the countryside and in the areas where it is under therat from
natural and other hazards. The reasons for this are among others
improper spatial and urbanistic planning, improper control over
implementation of protective measures and guidance as well as
lack of mechanisms for financial help for maintenance and
renewal in line with the heritage measures and guidance. High
costs of proper heritage renewal often deter the owners (e.g. heirs
of an object) or potential investors from renewal and indirectly
stimulates building up new buildings which often improperly
change the appearance of the landscape.
 Due to fast development intensive and dense build-up of land is
occuring in the urban areas both for housing as well as business
buildings and industry; the consequence is often a changed
landscape. The level of awareness concerning preservation of
outstanding and heritage landscape is slowly increasing.
The situation will follow the trends:
 The number of investments in preservation of cultural heritage will
decrease
 investments in preservation of cultural heritage will be slow.
The region is variegated and rich in landscape and cultural heritages, and
belongs to the areas of Hungary where the preservation of these values has got
big traditions. The development sources of the EU available from 2007 will
make possible the needed reconstruction of these national monuments, which
are the part of the cultural heritage. The protection of landscape values
however needs a more complex approach and a wider cooperation of the
society. The protection of landscape values on the long term can be achieved
only with a sustainable region development conception.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
Population and health
Slovenia
In Slovenia:
 The life expectancy for men is 72.2 years and 80.0 for women;
 The damage caused by natural disasters in 2005 was 18,797 mio. SIT;
 In 2005 259 people died in car accidents,
 In 2004, 126,848 tons of hazardous waste was produced,
 In 2004 the damage caused by ecological accidents was estimated to SIT
93 million,
 In 2004 there were 442,131 connections to the public water distribution
system, 157,729 connections to the sewage system and 35% protected
areas.
Pomurje region:
 The life expectancy for men is 69.2 years and 78.5 for women;
 The damage caused by natural disasters in 2005 was 1,142 mio. SIT;
Hungary
The demographic processes of Hungary since the democratic transformation (
1989-1990) can be characterised with the following:
- The decrease of fertility continued (there was a negative record of birth rate
of 11,3 per thousand and total fertility proportional number of 1,68. This was
partly due to the rapid decrease of wedding proportional number. The wedding
ratio was 5,2 per thousand in 1992.)
- the increase of mortality continued (mostly among middle age men and
reached a negative record in 1993 regarding both mortality proportional
number (14,4 per thousand) and the expected average lifetime of men (64,5
years).
- The decrease of population started in 1981 accelerated due to the mentioned
processes. The aging of population continued also by the influence of irregular
changes of generations.
Trends and State without
the implementation of OP
Issue:
Country
Current state
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
Trends and State without
the implementation of OP
Issue:
Country
 In 2005 12,459 tons of hazardous waste was produced.
Podravje region:
 The life expectancy for men is 71.2 years and 79.2 for women;
 The damage caused by natural disasters in 2005 was 3,639 mio. SIT;
 In 2005 50,303 tons of hazardous waste was produced.
The state will follow the trends.:

The number of car accidents will decrease, the number of casualties in
them, amount of hazardous waste and the number of ecological
accidents will stagnate.

The number of connections on the water distribution system and the
sewage system will increase

The surface of protected areas will probably remain the same but the
management thereof will improve.

The number of natural disasters is increasing.
The number of population living in the West-Transdanubian Region will
probably decrease. According to the demographic prediction, there were
992.962 inhabitants in the region in 2006, this will probably decrease to
964.007 by 2021. Besides the decrease of number of the population, the agestructure will change too: the ration of elderly will increase. The expected
average lifetime in the region was 40,6 in 2006. This will increase to 43,6 by
20121. The health conditions of the population living in the WestTransdanubian Region is better compared to people living in other areas of the
country. This is due to the higher living standards and cleaner environment.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
Noise
Slovenia
City centres and areas at main traffic routes are polluted with noise.
Hungary
In Hungary 50-55% of the population suffer from traffic noise, the ratio
reaches 60-65% in large cities (source for all data: Környezetvédelmi és
Vizügyi Minisztérium). Noise load affects exceedingly those who are living
next to urban sections of main national roads.
The three most important among the noise injuries are: road traffic, railroad
traffic, and neighbourhood noises. At the present, the biggest problem for the
local population is noise caused by road traffic (according to the estimates of
the Ministry of Environment and Water Management, 36% of the regions
population complained about this).
Current state
Noise will increase with the expansion of activities.
Trends and State without
the implementation of OP
As a result of probable future infrastructure developments, the noise injury
originating from road traffic will presumably increase. For this reason, utmost
attention has to be paid to the installation of noise reduction devices during
developments.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
Issues:
Country
Soil
Slovenia
 In 2001, 63.3% of forests, 30.5% of agricultural land, 0.7% of water
areas, 2.8% of built areas, 1% of roads and 0,1% of railways.
Current state

The programme area is known for areas of very fertile soil and intensive
agricultural use. Most fertile soil is categorised as the best agricultural
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Hungary
Beside the soil protection aspect the indicator “land consumption” is also an
indicator for land use and the efficiency of settlement politics.
In Hungary the situation is characterized by growing sealed areas. Due to
economic development, the growth rate in the programme region is higher than
in the eastern parts of the country.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
Trends and State of
environment without the
implementation of OP
Issue:
Country
Current state
Trends and State of
land and is protected from change of land use (e.g. from build-up) by the
Law on agricultural land (Zakon o kmetijskih zemljiščih (Ur.l. RS, št.
55/03-UPB)) and Law on land use planning (Zakon o prostorskem
načrtovanju (Ur.l. RS, št. 33/07)).
 In 2005, the amount of fertilizers used in agriculture was 149,504 tons
and the amount of fertilized surface was 440,245 ha.
 Surface area of ordinary anti-erosion measures in Pomurje and Podravje
region-79.307.76 ha
 Surface area of intense anti-erosion measures in Pomurje and Podravje
region- 132.788.75 ha
 Surface area of strict anti-erosion measures in Pomurje and Podravje
region – 5.682.52 ha
The situation will follow the trend:
 The increase of forests, decrease of agricultural land, increase of built
areas and roads.
 Agricultural land decrease on behalf of built land.
 Decrease in the amount of fertilizers used in agriculture will the amount
of fertilized surface area
 The agricultural land that will still be tended will be managed in a
relatively intensive way, but the input of fertilisers will decrease due to
application of Nitrate Directive (renewal of farm infrastructure, sound
use of fertilisers).
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
Resources
Slovenia
In 2005 there were 30 limestone mining areas, 96 dolomite mining areas, 6
silicates mining areas and 36 sand and gravel mining areas in Slovenia.

Annual production of limestone in 2005 reached 5,926,378 tons.

Annual production of dolomite in 2005 reached 6,197,589 tons.

Annual production of silicates in 2005 reached 99,215 tons.

Annual production of sand and gravel in 2005 reached 3,750707 tons.
Pomurje region:
In 2005 there were 1 silicates mining area and 11 sand and gravel mining
areas in Slovenia.

Annual production of silicates in 2005 reached 72,500 tons.

Annual production of sand and gravel in 2005 reached 1,463,903 tons.
Podravje region:
In 2005 there were 3 dolomite mining areas, 2 silicates mining areas and 14
sand and gravel mining areas in Slovenia.

Annual production of dolomite in 2005 reached 463,714 tons.

The silicate mining areas were not in operation.

Annual production of sand and gravel in 2005 reached 1,658,237 tons.
The trend will follow the state:
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
The infrastructure construction is responsible for further land consumption in
Hungary.
Although soil is an important regulator and crosslink for several natural cycles,
basis for other protection interests, production, housing and infrastructure its
importance is often underestimated. Over that mostly the deterioration of soil
can not be reversed.
In Hungary a constant danger remains erosion. Mountainous areas of the
Alpokalja region and border areas of Vas and Zala county covered with forest
are protected against erosion. In these areas either acidification causes the main
problems, worsening soil quality mostly in hilly lands, or erosion, mainly on
highly decomposed peaty soils.
The soils of the region are endangered mostly by erosion effects. These effects
are based mainly on the methods of land use.
If, in the future, agriculture and sylviculture does not take the soil conditions
into consideration in areas where erosion is a threat, soil degradation will be a
real threat in the future. According to the system evaluating the environmental
sensitivity of the soils (University of St. Istvan, Environmental and Landscape
Management Institution), almost all of the soils of the planning area are all
enlisted in the stressed and highly sensitive classes.
Hungary
The exploitable resources of the region are relatively moderate. It is
characterised primarily by medicine water and thermal water and some small
production of hydrocarbon.
Since there have been major tourism investments based on medicinal water and
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
environment without the
implementation of OP.

Annual production of limestone and dolomite will decrease and annual
production of silicates, sand and gravel will increase.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
Issue:
Country
Current state
Trends and State of
environment without the
implementation of OP.
Transport
Slovenia
 In 2005 there were 31,095 car accidents.
 In Slovenia, there are 972 level crossings, only 652 of which are
signposted.
 45% of the accidents that directly reflect traffic safety in railway traffic
occur on level crossings of the road and railway tracks and 15% of the
accidents occur due to collision or derailment.
 In 2005, 39,759 (in thousands) passengers used the public road transport
system, 97,227 (in thousands) passengers used the city transport system.
 In 2005 14,917 (in thousands) passengers used the national and 825 (in
thousands) the international railway transport system.
 76% of day trips were made by a private vehicle and 24% by public
transport.
 In 2005, 16,344 (1000 tons) or 16,5% of freight was transported on the
railway and 82,750 (1000 t) was transported on the road.
 In comparison with the rest of EU member states (7,3 years) the average
age of registered personal vehicles was in Slovenia in 1999 (6,8 years)
relatively favourable. Till year 2001 the situation deteriorated. Then the
average age of registered personal vehicles was 7.1 years. In 2001, the
share of petrol engines with catalytic converter was 60%.
 In 2005 poor infrastructure increased the passenger train delays from 2.5
to 4.5 min per 100 rail km and freight train delays from 33.3 to 57.7 min
per 100 rail km.
 In compliance with National highway building programme of Republic
of Slovenia and its resolution from year 2004, 660 km of new highways
are planned until 2013. In cooperation area two main sections of
highways - Maribor – Pince and Maribor – Gruškovje are planned.
Pomurje region:
 In 2005 there were 2,049 car accidents.
Podravje region:
 In 2004 there were 9,051 car accidents
Traffic safety:
The trend will follow the state:

number of car accidents will decrease and the number of casualties will
stagnate
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
thermal water, the sustainable use of these resources is very important.
Hungary
In February 2006 six Hungarian cities, six transport service companies, the
responsible ministry and the West-Danubian Regional Development Agency
founded the Regional Traffic Association. The local initiative came into
existence according to the example of the Budapest Traffic Association with
the aim to rise public transport-standards, amend availability, fulfil better
passenger service and so contribute to spreading of more environmentally
friendly ways of transportation.
Three Helsinki traffic corridors are touching the region: first the number IV.
Pan European corridor connecting western part of Europe with the Balkan,
second the number VII. Danube waterway, third the number V. Pan European
corridor or rather a sub-branch of this, named number V/B. A4 / M1 and M15
motorways, the Budapest-Vienna rail line are part of the number IV. corridor,
while the M7 motorway - providing Croatian contact at Letenye - and M70
motorway - providing Slovenian contact at Tornyiszentmiklós - are part of the
number V. corridor. Boba-Zalaegerszeg-Bajánsenye-country border (Hodos)
rail line is part of the same traffic corridor. Upgrade programmes for rail lines
which are part of the mentioned corridors are under way.
Traffic situation of West-Danubian Region is fundamentally determined by its
multiple neighbour position (common borderlines with Slovakia, Austria,
Slovenia and Croatia) and the settlement structure. As the most important road,
rail and water transportation axises enter the country in this region, it is the
West-European traffic gate of Hungary. 60% of the road traffic in the country mainly heavy traffic - leaves Hungary through this region
Around larger cities agglomeration and commuter traffic is the most
characteristic. Rail structure around larger cities - such as Szombathely - is
radial: Transfer traffic to the capital and to international targets is realised
mostly in these cities.
The configuration and quality of traffic networks in the planning region are
above the national average, and the region will keep this lead because of the
planned developments. This was the only region where new railway line was
built in the period 2000-2010, and the region is quite well developed with
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013




Issue:
Country
Current state
Trends and State of
The increase of the number of passengers in the public transport system
as estimated now will be 2% per year (private and public vehicles).
The share of freight road traffic will increase more rapidly than the
railway freight traffic; the increase will continue to be as estimated now
4% per year.
The number of newly constructed and reconstructed roads will
increase (the construction of the motorway network, bypasses, etc.).
The number of passengers will decrease
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
Energy
Slovenia
Energy efficiency:
 Energy intensiveness in 2004: 215 toe/mio. EUR
 Energy intensiveness in 2005: 296 toe/mio. EUR high energy
intensiveness – according to the level of economic development the
consumption is much greater than in the EU.
Approximately 40 CHPs to the Slovene industry, public sector and distanceheating sector: gas engines, steam turbines. Annual production of electrical
energy (measured at power plants) is 810 GWh (= 310 GWh CHP in the
industry, 90 GWh CHP), in distance-heating systems excluding the TETOL).
Renewable energy resources:
 % of production of electrical from all renewable energy resources per
entire production of electrical energy in 2004: 27.7 %, in 2005: 23,7%;
 % of production of electrical energy from all renewable energy resources
per gross consumption of the electrical energy in 2004: 29.1%; in 2005:
24,2%;
 Share of all renewable energy resources in the available primary energy:
8.8% in 2001 – hydroelectric power stations, biomass,
 Currently used 3,970 GWh/year (=50%) of the economically available
potential of Slovene water streams,
 28 natural sources of geothermal water,
 48 drill sites - 10th place in Europe in the power from geothermal
system,
Development of solar thermal systems (sanitary water): 6th place in Europe.
Energy efficiency:
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
railway lines even after the close of several loop-lines in the country in the past
period of time. The average age of cars is 12,3 years, which is matching the
national average. This will probably decrease in the future. The road traffic
development is concentrated on highway developments, which does not
concern the region at the moment. Several roads near the border have been
renovated and this work will continue in the future. The better condition of
public roads is expected to contribute to the decrease of roadway accidents and
to the increase of road traffic safety.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
Hungary
In Hungary the rate of renewable energy used from total energy consumption
is 3,6 % (energy consumption of Hungary in 2001 was 1069 PJ out of which
36,68 PJ was renewable). The country would like to double this amount by
2010. The situation in Hungary is less favourable for production of large scale
hydro electric power, so only 0,7% of total electricity were produced with
renewable energy in 1997, the ratio should be increased to 3,6% in 2010
according to EU’s directive 2001/77/EG. Hungary has potential especially for
wind energy, biomass and geothermic uses. The potential for hydro power is
limited due to the topographic situation. Success is already under way, as today
2,3% of electric energy is produced by renewable resources, till 2010 this rate
might be pushed up to 5%, which is clearly above the EU’s directive
guidelines. On the Hungarian side of the programming region a number of
projects were realized and new ones are under way. A wind power park in
Vép, Vas county already exists. Planning of further wind parks are in process
on more points of the Kisalföld: more than 100 wind power plants on Mosoni
plain and 45 in Rábaköz.
Within the frameworks of "The first European solar school in Hungary"project a unique educative solar laboratory was created in Puskás Tivadar Craft
School in Szombathely.
A wood-heated village heating plant was built in Pornóapáti and district
heating plants were constructed in Szombathely and Körmend.
Biogas plants are planned in more settlements such as Őriszentpéter and
Csörötnek. An organic side-product (hay) plant is planned in Vép.
The first geothermic plant in Hungary is planned to be built in Iklód-bördöce,
Zala county.
An innovative eco centre for renewable energy resources will be founded in
Nagypáli. The centre will both present and simultaneously use solar biomass
and wind energy.
Renewable energy plays a prominent role in the programming region. In Zala
and Vas county there are numerous projects: e.g. wind energy in Vép (Vas),
biomass in Körmend (Vas) or Pusztamagyaród (Zala) or geothermic energy in
Bajcsa (Zala).
The goal of doubling the rate of renewable energy used from total energy
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
environment without the
implementation of OP
The trend will follow the state of environment:

economic growth › the increase of electrical energy consumption faster
than the increase of GDP, energy intensiveness falls slightly (20002005).

Smaller CHP systems are being introduced, mostly due to the needs of
individual industrial plants.

continued increase of general energy consumption, improved energy
efficiency in companies due to adjustments to the environmental
legislation, environment management systems, spread of innovations
and wide use of BREF documents.
Renewable energy resources:
The trend will follow the state of environment:

Increased use of biomass, a chain of hydroelectric power plants is
planned.

% of production of electrical energy from all renewable energy
resources was on the decrease until 2003. In 2004 it was on the increase
(by 5.4%) that again turned into 4 % decrease in 2005.

% of consumption of electrical energy from all renewable energy
resources was on the decrease until 2003. Increase by 7% in 2004
turned into a 4,9% decrease in 2005.

Continued increase of biomass and solar energy consumption –
especially due to energy crisis and more accessible technology, new
energy resources would appear - new hydroelectric power plants,
perhaps windmills, import of energy after the electro-distributional
network has been completed…
consumption is of special importance, because after the total amount of energy
consumed decreased due to structural changes (especially in the industrial
sector the energy consumption was reduced drastically) in the 1990ies, now an
increasing demand for energy can be observed.
The energy balance of the planning area cannot be made independently of the
whole country, so it can be evaluated only through the national Hungarian
data. Both the available resources and the utilization stagnated in the period
1990-2000. The characteristic trend will be the decrease of hydrocarbons and
the small increase of renewable energy resources. The region is specifically
suitable for the utilization of wind energy, since, according to the estimates,
68% of the areas are suitable for installation of wind power plants.
CHP systems would slowly spread, especially in the industry sector at the
level of medium-sized businesses; it is not likely there would be connections
between businesses - energy resources – and the inhabitants – potential
consumer of the energy.
Issue:
Country
Current state
Waste
Slovenia
 In 2005, 797,721 tons of municipal waste was produced and 35,096 t of
waste were recycled.
 In 2005, 633,239 tons of waste was disposed at municipal waste disposal
sites.
Pomurje region:
 In 2005, 31,814 tons of municipal waste was produced and 83 t of waste
were recycled.
 In 2005, 29,970 tons of waste was disposed at municipal waste disposal
sites.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Hungary
On the Hungarian side of the programming region the municipal waste
collection system is almost complete. 13 settlements have not yet joined the
public waste treatment service system.
Duality can be observed in the region concerning the formation of the waste
collection system. In Vas and Zala counties several smaller districts were
formed with more providers of waste collecting services and overlaps of the
collection districts. Licensing of transportation and collection systems is
presently in process.
Disposal of the 2 Mio loose m3 of solid municipal waste is performed on 17
deposits in the region Free capacity is approximately 10 Mio m3, which is
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
Podravje region:
 In 2005, 131,688 tons of municipal waste was produced and 11,612 t of
waste were recycled.
 In 2005, 55,712 tons of waste was disposed at municipal waste disposal
sites.
The situation will follow the trends: The amount of waste at public waste
disposal sites will decrease.
enough, but because of uneven geographical distribution and different filling
scales the establishment of new modernized deposits and transfer stations is
needed.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend.
State without the implementation of OP would follow the trend
Trends and State of
environment without the
implementation of OP
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
The amount of transported communal solid waste will probably increase. The
amount of 25kg/person in the region in 2001 increased to 46kg/person until
2003. But altogether, this is the region where the least communal waste is
forming in the country. The planned termination of illegal waste deposits and
the introduction of modern waste management technologies will solve the
waste management problems of the region on the middle term.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
4.2 State of the environment with environmental indicators
Table 3: State of the Environment in Indicators

In the table below the environmental guiding questions or indicators that will guide analyses
within the SEA process are listed. Proposed indicators shall be used for evaluating state of
environment according to the set environmental goals.
Indicator
Total GHG emissions on national
level
Emissions of SO2, NOx, PM10, Pb,
CO, O3 and NMVOC.
Quantity of water in aquifer
Quality of water in aquifer
Water consumption per inhabitant
Total amount of cleaned waste water
Number of nature management
plans
Number of restored cultural heritage
sites
Life expectancy
The damage caused by natural
disasters
State of indicator in Slovenia
In 2004 – 14302.192 (in CO2
equivalent (Gg)
Emission of air pollutants in
Slovenia (2004) {for the planning
region no data available}:
 SO2: 54,121 t. tons
 NOx: 57,502 t. tons
 PM10: 9,1 t. tons
 CO: 82,166 t. tons
 NMVOC: 46,207 t. tons
 Pb: 14,44 t. tons
State of indicator in Hungary
No data available
Surface water and groundwater
status related to the Water
Framework Directive/
No data available
Surface water and groundwater status
related to the Water Framework
Directive
Zala region: 34,1 m3
Vas region: 33,7 m3
Zala region: 15,5 million m3
Vas region: 13,6 million m3
Zala region: 4
Vas region: 3
No data available
No data available
No data available
No data available
Pomurska region: 69.2 years for
men and 78.5 for women
Podravska region: 71.2 years for
men and 79.2 for women
Pomurska region: In 2005 - 1,142
mio. SIT
Podravska region: In 2005 was
3,639 mio. SIT
Share of population exposed to
noise
No data available
Number of passengers in public
transport
No data available
Number of new public transport
routes
No data available
% of production of electrical from
all renewable energy resources per
No data available
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Emission of air pollutants in Hungary
(2004) {for the planning region no data
available}:
 SO2: 247,3 t. tons
 NOx: 180,7 t. tons
 PM: 90,7 t. tons
 CO: 541,7 t. tons
 NMVOC: 157,4 t. tons
 Methane: 14,42 t. tons
 CO2: 61312 t. tons
 Pb: 33,5 tons
Zala region: 68,3 for men and 77,3 for
women (2006)
Vas region: 68,6 for men and 77,82 for
women (2006)
No data available
Share of inhabitants affected by noise:
- noise of railway traffic: 42%
- noise of air traffic: 44%
- noise from neighbourhood: 64%
- noise of construction activities:
63%
- noise of road traffic: 84%
- noise of industrial establishment:
42%
No data available
Zala region: 1 railway route, 6 road
routes
Vas region: 1 road route
In Hungary: 3,6% (2005)
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
entire production
energy
of
electrical
Total amount of municipal waste
produced
Total amount of hazardous waste
produced
Total amount of municipal waste
recycled
Total amount of municipal waste
disposed at municipal waste
disposal sites
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Pomurska region: In 2005 31,814
tons
Podravska region: In 2005 131,688
tons
Pomurska region: In 2005 12,459
tons
Podravska region: In 2005 50,303
tons
Pomurska region: In 2005 83 tons
Podravska region: In 2005 11,612
tons
Pomurska region: In 2005 29,970
tons
Podravska region: In 2005 55,712
tons
Zala region: in 2004 112,200 tons
Vas region: in 2004 100,700 tons
In Hungary in 2004: 2016295 tons
No data available
Page 33 of 58
Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
4.2 Protected areas, protection areas, degraded areas and
other areas and their legal regimes
In Slovenia protection areas are determined by the laws and their corresponding regulations:
 Nature Conservation Act (Official Gazette of the RS, No. 96/04),
 Spatial Planning Act (Official Gazette of the RS, No. 33/2007),
 Cultural Heritage Protection Act (Official Gazette of the RS, No.7/99),
 Water Act (Official Gazette of the RS, No.67/02, 2/04),
 Forest Act (Official Gazette of the RS, No.30/93, 13/98, 24/99, 56/99, 67/02, 110/02),
 Agricultural Land Act (Official Gazette of the RS, No. 55/03).
 Decree on special protected areas (Natura 2000 areas) (Official Gazette of the RS, No. 49/04,
110/04)
In Slovenia there is a great number of protected areas (nature, water sources, forests with a special
purpose, cultural heritage, etc.). In the Figure 3 just the areas of nature protection in Slovenia are
presented, since it was impossible to show all of them without greatly decreasing the readability of
the map. Thus these areas are just listed in the following text.
Figure 3: The areas of nature protection in Slovenia
Figure 4: Protected and degraded areas in Hungary
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
In the programming area there are the following protected and conservation areas:
 Landscape parks: Landscape park Šturmovec, Landscape park Jareninski dol, Landscape
park Drava, Landscape park Rački ribniki – Požeg, Landscape park Kamenščak – Hrastovec,
Landscape park Jeruzalemsko - Ormoške gorice, Landscape park Goričko, Landscape park
Žabljek, Landscape park Boč-Donačka gora, Landscape park Štatenberg, Landscape park
Negova in Negovsko jezero, Landscape park Mariborsko jezero, Landscape park ljutomerski
ribniki in jeruzalemske gorice; Landscape protection area Őrség
 Forest reserves: Forest reserve Boč – Plešivec, Forest reserve Boč, Forest reserve Šumik,
Forest reserve Gradišče, Forest reserve ridge of Rogla, Forest reserve Škrabarca, Forest
reserve Štatenberško borovje, Forest reserve Pohorski bataljon, Forest reserve on gorge of
Kolarnica, Forest reserve Črno jezero na Pohorju, Forest reserve Cigonca, Forest reserve on
Donačka gora (Rogaški) and Resenik; Forest reserve Szalafő, Forest reserve Pap-erdő, Forest
reserve Szabó-völgy
 Nature reserves: Nature and Forest reserve Zlatoličje, Nature reserve Struga, Nature reserve
Ribniki Podvinci, Reserve Ormoško jezero:
 Natura 2000 areas: Ličenca pri Poljčanah (pSCI), Dravinja pri Poljčanah (pSCI), Goričko
(SPA), Dravinjska dolina (SPA), Slovenske gorice (SPA), Drava (SPA), Mura (SPA), Pohorje
(SPA), Velovlek (pSCI), Podvinci (pSCI), Grabonoš (pSCI), Haloze – vinorodne (pSCI), Boč
- Haloze - Donačka gora (pSCI), Dobrava (pSCI), Radgonsko - Kapelske Gorice (pSCI),
Drava (pSCI), Kočno ob Ložnici (pSCI), Pavlovski potok (Libanja) (pSCI), Juršinci (pSCI),
Velenik (pSCI), Boreci (pSCI), Obrež (pSCI), Središče ob Dravi – Hraščica (pSCI), Mura
(pSCI), Rački ribniki – Požeg (pSCI), Goričko (pSCI), Zgornja Drava s pritoki (pSCI),
Stanetinski potok in Kupetinski potok (pSCI), Žermenica s pritokom (pSCI), Pohorje (pSCI),
Ljubična - Zgornje Poljčane (pSCI), Bistriški jarek (pSCI), Polskava pSCI, Velka s Slivniškim
potokom in Lahinski potok (pSCI), Pragersko – marsiljka (pSCI); Marcal-medence (pSCI),
Alsó-Zala-völgy (pSCI), Nyugat-Göcsej (pSCI), Vétyempuszta (pSCI), Mura mente (pSCI),
Kerka mente (pSCI), Szévíz–Principális-csatorna (pSCI), Oltárc, Felső-Zala-völgy (pSCI),
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013






Kebele (pSCI), Dél-zalai homokvidék (Nagykanizsa) (pSCI), Csörnyeberek (Zalakomár)
(pSCI), Sárvíz-patak mente (pSCI), Zalaegerszegi Csácsi erdő (pSCI), Őrség (SPA + pSCI),
Ság-hegy (pSCI), Ablánc patak völgye (pSCI), Váti gyakorlótér (pSCI), Pinka (pSCI), Kölestető (pSCI), Csöngei legelő (pSCI), Kenyeri reptér (pSCI), Kemenessömjéni cserjés legelő
(pSCI), Öregcser (pSCI), Gércei tufagyűrű és láprét (pSCI)
Important ecological areas: Zbelovska gora, Pohorje, Goričko, Kobansko, Drava-spodnja,
Boč-Haloze-Donačka gora, Mura-Radmožanci, Vinorodne Haloze, Dravsko polje, Slovenske
gorice-osrednji del, Oplotnica, Hrastovec, Dravinjska dolina, Ščavniška dolina, Zgornja
Drava, Fram, Radgonsko-Kapelske Gorice, Devina, Ličenca, Medvedce, Rački ribniki-Požeg,
Slivniški ribniki, Pesniška dolina, Obrež, Razvanje, Boreci, Strejaci, Lovrenc na Pohorju,
Podvinci, Pragersko, Juršinci, Grabonoš, Kočno ob Ložnici, Dobrava, Libanja, Velovlek,
Stanetinski in Kupetinski potok, Ljubična-Zgornje Poljčane;
Flood areas: 223 flood areas along rivers Mura, Drava, Dravinja, Pesnica, Ščavnica, Ledava
and their tributaries;
Drinking water protection areas: 6 bodies of underground waters (Goričko, Murska kotlina,
Vzhodne Slovenske gorice, Zahdne Slovenske gorice, Dravska kotlina, Vzhodne Alpe) on
which drinking water protection areas are situated (Prekmursko polje, Ptujsko polje, Apaško
polje, Dravsko polje…);
Areas of anti-erosion measures: 3 types of areas of anti-erosion measures – areas of ordinary
anti-erosion measures with total area of 79,307.76 ha, areas of intense anti-erosion measures
with total area of 132,788.75 ha and areas of strict anti-erosion measures with total area of
5,682.52 ha;
Cultural heritage objects and areas: In 2005 the number of cultural heritage objects in
cooperation area was 3,277, there were 2,538 cultural heritage areas and 9 areas of complex
protection of cultural heritage.
The best agricultural land: most fertile soil is categorised as the best agricultural land and is
protected from change of land use (e.g. from build-up) by the Law on agricultural land (Zakon
o kmetijskih zemljiščih (Ur.l. RS, št. 55/03-UPB)) and Law on land use planning (Zakon o
prostorskem načrtovanju (Ur.l. RS, št. 33/07)).
4.4 Legal regimes in the protected areas
Legal regimes in the programming area are determined by the following legislation:
o Decree on Natura 2000 areas (Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 49/04, 110/04);
o Regulation on determination and protection on natural values (Official Gazette of the RS, Nos
111/04, 70/2006);
o Decree on Important ecological areas (Official Gazette of the RS, No. 48/04);
o Decree on Landscape ParkGoričko (Official Gazette of the RS, No. 101/2003)
o Other Landscape Parks – protected with municipal decrees;
o Forest reserves - protected with municipal decrees;
o Nature reserves - protected with municipal decrees;
o Drinking water protection areas - protected with decrees on the state level;
 Decree on water protection areas for Apaško polje water body (Official Gazette of the
RS, No. 59/07),
 Decree on water protection areas for Selniška dobrava water body (Official Gazette of
the RS, No. 72/06)
 Decree on water protection areas for Dravsko-ptujsko polje water bodies (Official
Gazette of the RS, No. 59/07)
 Decree on water protection areas for Ruše, Vrbanski plato, Limbuška dobrava and
Dravsko polje water bodies (Official Gazette of the RS, No. 24/2007)
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
o Cultural heritage objects and areas - protected with municipal decrees or registered in the
Register of Cultural Heritage of Slovenia (http://rkd.situla.org/)
o Nature Conservation Act (1996. évi LIII. tv. a természet védelméről)
o Regulation of the Natura 2000 sites (275/2004. Korm.rend. a közösségi jelentőségő
természetvédelmi rendeltetésű területekről-NATURA 2000)
o Forest Act (1996. évi LIV. tv. az erdőről és az erdő védelméről)
o National Environental Program II., 2003-2008 (Nemzeti Környezetvédelmi Program II., 20032008)
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
5. THE PROGRAMME ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES, CRITERIA
AND ASSESSMENT METHODS
5.1
Environmental objectives of the programme
Environmental objectives of the European Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme
Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013 are not specified. The Operational Programme only generally
mentions the reduction of the effects on the environment and actions to improve the state of the
environment. Therefore, we defined the environmental objectives on the basis of the state of the
environment and strategic national documents (e.g. Slovene National Environmental Action Plan
(NEAP) 2005 – 2013, Hungarian National Environmental Program II., 2003-2008).
Environmental objectives are shown in table 4.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
Table 4: Environmental objectives of the programme in the cooperation area
Issues
Climate
change
Air
Environmental
objective
Decrease of
greenhouse
emissions by 8% in
the period 20082112 according to
the 1986
Attaining
margin/target
values for NOx,
SO2, PM10, NO2
and Pb, CO and
for benzene and
ozone
Slovenia
Reference
point/Source for
Explanation of environmental
the given
objective
objectives
The objective is transposed from
Slovene National
NEAP because of its importance.
Environmental
The objective was also defined
Action Plan
because of the activities in the
(NEAP) 2005 programme.
2013
Slovene National
Environmental
Action Plan
(NEAP) 2005 2013
Good surface and
ground water
quality according
to the Water
Framework
Directive 2015
Slovene National
Environmental
Action Plan
(NEAP) 2005 –
2013
2000/60/EC
Water framework
Safety of the water
body quantity (e.g.
abstraction, public
water supply or
beverage
production)
Slovene National
Environmental
Action Plan
(NEAP) 2005 2013
Water
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
The main problem, in the programme
area, is with attaining margin/target
values for PM10 and O3. Because of
the activities in the programme we
also included other air pollutants
(listed in the objective).
The objective is transposed from
NEAP because of its importance.
We want to improve the state of
surface
and
ground
waters,
especially the quality of water.
The objective is transposed from
NEAP because of its importance.
There is a great pressure on quantity
of water in the aquifer in the
programme area. We want to stress
the importance of sustainable
handling of ground water sources.
Hungary
Environmental
objective
Reference point/Source for
the given objectives
Explanation of environmental
objective
Decrease of
greenhouse
emissions in the
period 2008-2112
National Environmental
Program II., 2003-2008
The objective is transposed from
National Environmental Plan II.
because of its importance.
The objective was also defined
because of the activities in the
programme.
Attaining
margin/target
values for NOx,
SO2, PM, NO2 and
Pb, CO
National Environmental
Program II., 2003-2008
Good surface and
ground water
quality according
to the Water
Framework
Directive 2015
Safety of the water
body quantity
Page 39 of 58
National Environmental
Program II., 2003-2008 and
2000/60/EC Water
framework
National Environmental
Program II., 2003-2008 and
2000/60/EC Water
framework
The objective is transposed from
National Environmental Plan II.
because of its importance.
We want to improve the state of
surface and ground waters,
especially the quality of water.
The objective is transposed from
National Environmental Plan II.,
because of its importance.
There is a great pressure on
quantity of water in the aquifer in
the programme area (e.g. Rába
River). We want to stress the
Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
The objective Good surface and
ground water quality according to
Improvement of
the Water Framework Directive
hydro
2015 is aiming at good quality of
morphological
water, but we also wanted to stress
characteristics
the
importance
of
hydro
morphological characteristics of
rivers and streams.
The objective is transposed from
Slovene National
NEAP because of its importance.
Reduce the share
Environmental
Reduce the share of
The objective was also defined
of population
Action Plan
population exposed
Noise
because of the activities in the
exposed to noise
(NEAP) 2005 –
to noise
programme.
2013
Resources
Soil
Nature
Rational use of
natural resources
(land, mineral
goods, fossil fuel)
Act on
Agricultural Land
Act on Spatial
Planning
Draft State
Proframme for
Mineral Resource
Management
th
Soil protection
against erosion
and pollution
6 Environmental
Acton
Programme
Protect and restore
habitats and
natural systems
and preserve
biodiversity
Slovene National
Environmental
Action Plan
(NEAP) 2005 –
2013
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
We wanted to stress the importance
of rational use of natural resources.
As natural resources we understand
land, mineral goods and fossil fuel.
The Agricultural Land should be
protected to the maximum degree
and conserve it for further
agricultural use, while mineral
resources and fossil fuels should be
exploited in a sustainable way and
according to the needs.
The objective is transposed from 6th
EAP because of its importance.
In the programme area there are also
areas of anti-erosion measures.
The objective is transposed from
NEAP because of its importance.
In the programme area there are
areas of great biodiversity (Natura
2000 areas, special ecological areas).
Rational use of
natural resources
(land, mineral
goods, fossil fuel,
thermalwater
resources)
importance
of
sustainable
handling of ground water sources.
National Environmental
Program II., 2003-2008
National Environmental
Program II., 2003-2008
Soil protection
against erosion
and pollution
National Environmental
Program II., 2003-2008
Protect and restore
habitats and
natural systems
and preserve
biodiversity
National Nature
Conservation Plan (20032008)
Page 40 of 58
The objective is transposed from
National Environmental Plan II.,
because of its importance.
The objective was also defined
because of the activities in the
programme.
We wanted to stress the
importance of rational use of
natural resources. As natural
resources we understand land,
mineral goods, fossil fuel and
thermal water.
The objective is transposed from
National Environmental Plan II.,
because of its importance.
In the programme area there are
also
areas
of
anti-erosion
measures.
The objective is transposed from
National Nature Conservation
Plan, because of its importance.
In the programme area there are
areas of great biodiversity (Natura
Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
Slovene National The objective is transposed from
Effective and
Environmental
NEAP because of its importance.
integrated nature
Action Plan
In the programme area there are
conservation in
(NEAP) 2005 –
protected areas (Goričko).
protected areas
2013
Accessibility
We wanted to stress the importance
(services, public
of accessibility in all areas (health,
transport)
transportation, public services,..) .
The objective is transposed from
NEAP because of its importance.
Decreased the
There are also areas with flood risks
Population
Slovene National
environmental
in the programme area.
and health
Environmental
health risk
Decreased flood
Action Plan
risk
(NEAP) 2005 –
2013
Energy
Waste
Increase of energy
efficiency in all
areas of energy
consumption
Increased use of
the renewable
energy sources
Decreasing waste
by approximately
20 % by 2010 and
by 50 % by 2050
compared to 2000
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Slovene National
Energy
Programme
Slovene National
Energy
Programme
6th Environmental
Acton
Programme
The objective is transposed from
National Energy Programme because
of its importance.
The objective is transposed from
National Energy Programme because
of its importance.
The objective is transposed from 6th
EAP because of its importance.
Increase of energy
efficiency in all
areas of energy
consumption
Increased use of
the renewable
energy sources
Decreasing waste
Page 41 of 58
2000 areas, special ecological
areas).
National Environmental
Health Action Progremme
Hungarian Energy Strategy
2006-2030
Basic aims are:
- to ensure the right to a healthy
environment;
- conservation of nature and
biodiversity;
- safe and protecting care for
natural resources,
taking sustainable development
into
consideration;
- creating harmony between
economy and environment.
The objective is transposed from
Hungarina Energy Strategy 20062030 because of its importance.
(http://www.gkm.gov.hu/fela
dataink
/energetika/energiapolitika)
National Waste Management
Plan 2003-2008
The objective is transposed from
National Waste Management Plan,
because of its importance.
http://www.kvvm.hu/szakmai/hull
adekgazd/oht_ang.htm
Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
We wanted to stress the importance
of restoration and revitalisation (to
put objects of cultural heritage in
use) of cultural heritage. The
objective was defined on the basis of
Revitalisation and
Resolution on National Programme Revitalisation and
restoration of
for
Culture
2004–2007
and
restoration of
cultural heritage
objectives of Spatial Development
cultural heritage
Strategy of Slovenia and Resolution
on National Environmental Action
Plan.
The programme area is rich with
objects and areas of cultural heritage.
The idea was not to ensure just
improvement of
Resolution on
Cultural
restoration, but also increased
accessibility of
National
heritage
accessibility
of
heritage,
heritage and
Programme for
and
strenghtening of its recognition, its
increas of its
Culture 2004–
Landscape
identification role and use of heritage
identification and
2007 (Official
for educational purposes. In this way
educational
Gazette of RS
it will be easier to ensure revival, use
potential
No. 28/04)
and maintenance of heritage.
We wanted to stress the importance
of preservation of
landscape
heritage.
Preservation of
Preservation of
This objective was formed on the
elements that
elements that
basis of the objectives of Spatial
contribute to
contribute to
Development Strategy of Slovenia
recognition of
recognition of
and
Resolution
on
National
cultural landscape
cultural landscape
Environmental Action Plan.
The programme area includes area of
extraordinary landscape of Goričko.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Page 42 of 58
We wanted to stress the
importance of restoration and
revitalisation (to put objects of
cultural heritage in use) of cultural
heritage.
The programme area is rich with
objects and areas of cultural
heritage.
European Landscape
Convention
We wanted to stress the
importance of preservation of
landscape heritage.
In the programme area includes
area of extraordinary landscape of
Őrség region.
Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
5.2
Criteria and methods for assessment of impacts
We assessed the impact of the programme on the environment in two steps. In the first step we
specified impacts of the programme on the environment on the basis of proposed activities for all
three priority axis and two horizontal activities. We predicted which impact can be derived from
proposed activities. Specification of the impacts is based on certain assumptions drawn from past
experience with impacts of specific activities on the environment. For each impact we predicted, if
impact will be direct, indirect, cumulative, permanent or temporary according to the lower
definitions.
According to the Decree laying down the content of environmental report and on detailed
procedure for the assessment of the impacts on certain plans and programmes on the environment
(Official Gazette of the RS, no. 73/05) the following impacts needs to be assessed:
 Direct impact: occurs when the plan foresees an intervention into the environment which
directly affects the relevant environmental indicators within the plan’s area of effect. The
established area of direct effect is determined on the basis of field measurements, details on
the intervention into the environment and other material circumstances.
 Indirect impact: occurs when the plan foresees an intervention into the environment with
impacts which are not a direct consequence of the plan’s implementation but instead occur at a
remote location from the site of the initial impact, or they occur as a consequence of complex
interrelated events, for example an intervention into the environment which changes the water
level and consequently affects nearby wetlands.
 Cumulative impact: occurs when the plan foresees an intervention into the environment which,
in itself, has a negligible effect on the state of the environment indicators, yet, in combination
with existing interventions into the environment or in combination with other interventions
planned and implemented on the basis of other plans, has a significant effect on the relevant
environmental indicators; or when several negligible effects of a single intervention, or a series
of interventions in the context of the same plan have a significant combined effect on the
relevant environmental indicators.
 Synergistic impact: occurs when the plan foresees an intervention into the environment with
impacts which, when combined, are greater than the sum of their parts. Synergistic impacts are
typically involved in cases where the amount of impacts on habitats, natural resources or
populated areas approaches the compensation limit of these impacts.
 Short-term impact: is an impact which ceases to affect the relevant environmental indicators
within five (5) years after its onset.
 Medium-term impact: is an impact which ceases to affect the relevant environmental
indicators between five (5) and ten (10) years after its onset.
 Long-term impact: is an impact which does not cease to affect the relevant environmental
indicators within ten (10) years after its onset.
 Permanent impact: is an impact which leaves lasting consequences.
 Temporary impact: is an impact of a temporary nature.
We didn’t state if the synergistic impacts will occur, due to the difficulties in assessing the
carrying capacity of the environment. We also didn’t predict short-term impacts, medium-term
impacts and long-term impacts, but only permanent and temporary impacts. The impacts will be
present and more or less the same during the whole programming period.
In step two we assessed the influence of the predicted impacts on environmental objectives. We
used method prescribed in Decree laying down the content of environmental report and on
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
detailed procedure for the assessment of the impacts on certain plans and programmes on the
environment (Official Gazette of the RS, no. 73/05).
Table 5: The relevance matrix for assessment of impacts on environmental goals
Rate
A
B
C
D
E
X
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Explanation of rate
No impact /impact can be positive
Insignificant impact
Insignificant impact (due to implementation of mitigation measures)
Significant impact
Devastating impact
Determination of impact is not possible
Page 44 of 58
Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
6. ESTABLISHED IMPACTS OF THE PROGRAMME AND THEIR
ASSESSMENT
6.1 Specification of the impacts of the programme on environment
The specification of impacts was made on the basis of estimations regarding the type and location
of the potential activities taking place in its context. Specification of the impacts is shown in table
6.
6.2
Assessment of impacts
The assessment of impacts on environmental objectives was based on the possibility that a certain
activity would be supported and carried out in the context of this priority, with a certain impact on
the environment. Assessment of the impacts on environmental objectives is shown in table 7.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
Table 6: Specification of the impacts of the programme on environment
Priority axis
1.1. Development of a Joint
Tourist Destination
1. Increase the
attractiveness
of
the
cooperation
area
1.2. Preservation and
Development of Culture
1.3. Improvement of Cross
border Traffic Connections
2.1. Regional Development
Cooperation
2.2. Preventive Health Care
2. Sustainable
Development
2.3. Environment Protection
and Management
2.4. Efficient Energy Use
1
2
Significant impact
Indirect


-

-
-



-
-


Increased land use
Increased noise pollution
Increased air pollution
Soil pollution
Increased water consumption
Waste generation
Revitalisation and rennovation of cultural heritage
(positive impact)
Revitalisation and restoration of cultural heritage
(positive effect)
Increased accessibility of heritage (positive impact)
Waste generation
Reduction of air emissions (positive effect) 1
Increased air pollution2
Increased noise pollution
Improved accessibility (transport) (positive effects)
Since the activities in this stage are not specified,
corresponding impacts.
Improved accessibility of health care (positive
effect)
Improved quality of health care (positive effect)
Improved management of protected areas (positive
effect)
Preservation of biodiversity (positive effect)
Incorporation of environmental management
systems (positive effect)
Improved flood prevention (positive effect)
Improved quality and accessibility of drinking
water (positive effect)
Increased use of renewable energy sources
(positive effect)
Due to implementation/improvement of public transport.
Due to road construction, which will likely increase the overall traffic in the programming area.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Impact
Cumulative Permanent










v
Direct






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Temporary




























it was not possible to determine significant effects and


-

-


-

-

-
-

-




-




-


-

-


-

-


-

-
Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
Improved efficiency use of energy consumption



(positive effect)
Because of the nature of this priority axis, it was not possible to determine significant effects and corresponding
3. Technical assistance
impacts.
 Human resources
Horizontal
Since the activities are not specified, it is not possible to determine significant environmental effects.
development
activities
 Information society
Table 7: Assessment of impacts
Issues
Assessment
of impacts
Climate
change
Decrease of greenhouse
emissions by 8% in the period
2008-2112 compared to the
1986
B
Air
Attaining margin/target values
for NOx, SO2, PM10, NO2 and
Pb, CO and for benzene and
ozone
B
Good surface and ground
water quality according to the
Water Framework Directive
2015
A (no impact)
Water
Environment
Environmental objective
Noise
Safety of water body quantity
(e.g. abstraction, public water
supply or beverage production)
C
Improvement of hydro
morphological characteristics
A (no impact)
Reduce the share of population
exposed to noise
B
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Explanation
Both negative and positive impacts of the activities in the programme on the environmental
objective are expected; negative because of increased air pollution due to enlarged traffic
(development of tourism, investments in transportation – road construction) and positive because of
the reduction of air emissions due to implementation/improvement of public transport.. We asses
that programme will have insignificant impact on environmental objective. Greenhouse gas
emissions will not decrease, on the contrary we predict a small increase of greenhouse emissions.
Both negative and positive impacts of the activities in the programme on the environmental
objective are expected; negative because of increased air pollution due to enlarged traffic
(development of tourism, investments in transportation – road construction) and positive because of
the reduction of air emissions due to implementation/improvement of public transport.. We asses
that programme will have insignificant impact on environmental objective. We predict a small
increase of emissions. Limiting values for PM10 and ozone are already exceeded.
The programme does not contain any activities that could have impact on this environmental
objective.
Negative impacts of the activities in the programme on the environmental objective are expected.
There is already a great pressure on the use of water from the aquifers in the programme area. With
development of tourism there will be even grater pressure on the aquifer. We asses that programme
will have insignificant impact on environmental objective, but only due to implementation of
mitigation measures.
The programme does not contain any activities that could have impact on this environmental
objective.
Negative impacts of the activities in the programme on the environmental objective are expected
due to development of tourism and road construction. The share of population exposed to noise will
increase, but the share will be negligible. We asses that predicted activities will have insignificant
impact on the environmental objective.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
Negative impacts of the activities in the programme on the environmental objective are expected.
Rational use of natural
There will be some use of natural resources, especially land due to development of tourism and
resources (land, mineral goods,
B
Resources
road construction. We asses that programme will have insignificant impact on environmental
fossil fuel)
objective.
A possibility of soil pollution and erosion is expect due to the activities of the programme, i.e. due
Soil protection against erosion
B
to development of tourism and road construction. We asses that the programme will have
Soil
and pollution
insignificant impact on environmental objectives. Impacts will be temporary.
Protect and restore habitats
Programme supports nature protection and management (e.g. nature and natural parks management,
A (positive
and natural systems and
preservation of biodiversity). We asses that the programme will have positive impact on
impact)
preserve biodiversity
environmental objective.
Nature
Programme supports nature protection and management (e.g. nature and natural parks management,
Effective and integrated nature
A (positive
preservation of biodiversity). We asses that the programme will have positive impact on
conservation in protected areas
impact)
environmental objective.
Programme supports activities which will improve accessibility of health care and transport
Accessibility (services, public
A (positive
accessibility (public transport, road construction - improvement of cross-border transport links).
transport)
impact)
We asses that the programme will have positive impact on environmental objective.
Population and
health
Programme supports activities such as cooperation in development of strategies and plans related to
A (positive
Decreased flood risk
risk prevention (e.g. flood protection). We asses that the programme will have positive impact on
impact)
environmental objective.
Increase of energy efficiency in
Programme supports activities in the field of efficient use of energy. We asses that the programme
A (positive
all areas of energy
will have positive impact on environmental objective.
impact)
consumption
Energy
Increased use of the renewable
A (positive
Programme supports activities in the field of use of renewable energy sources. We asses that the
energy sources
impact)
programme will have positive impacts on environmental objective.
Decreased amount of waste by
Because of the activities in the programme, especially development of tourism, we expect an
approximately 20 % by 2010
increase of waste generation. We asses that programme will have insignificant impact on
B
Waste
and by 50 % by 2050 compared
environmental objective.
to 2000
Revitalisation and restoration
A (positive
Programme supports cultural heritage preservation and development. We asses that the programme
of cultural heritage
impact)
will have positive impact on environmental objective.
Improvement of accessibility of
Programme is very oriented towards establishment and improvement of accessibility of heritage;
heritage and increas of its
A (positive
with support to various events, networking, research as well as links to tourism identification and
Cultural heritage
identification and educational
impact)
educational potential of the heritage will be increased. It was assessed that the programme will
and Landscape
potential
have a positive impact on this environmental objective.
Preservation of elements that
Programme contains no activities, that could have impact on environmental objective.
contribute to recognition of
A (no impact)
cultural landscape
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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6.3 Mitigation measures, “alternatives” and their timeline
The alternatives were given in the form of recommendations to prevent, reduce and offset adverse
effect for the improvement of environmental performance of the programme.
Although the fact mentioned above, the state of environment without the implementation of OP ,
given in the Table 3 of the environmental report, can be taken, as the alternative to the
implementation of OP.
The mitigation measures and recommendations are shown in table below. The mitigation
measures apply to mitigation of the programme impacts on the environmental objectives, while
recommendations apply further decrease of environmental impact on issues.
The mitigating measures and recommendations should be implemented by the organisation
responsible for the preparation and implementation of the Operational Programme and by the end
users – operators of individual projects. They must be implemented during the preparation of the
programme or in the programme period, namely before 2013, in fact before 2015 due to the n+2.
Supervision of the implementation of mitigating measures will be carried out in the broader
context of monitoring the implementation of projects and use of project/programme funds.
In case that the programme is modified or it is obvious that the circumstances (especially
regarding the environmental situation) change significantly the experts must be informed about the
new or changed relevant environmental concerns, so that they can give suggestions for further
modification of programme implementation.
Table 8: Mitigating measures and recommendations
Issues
Climate
change
Environment
Air
Water
Environmental
objective
Decrease of
greenhouse
emissions by 8%
in the period
2008-2112
according to the
1986
Attaining
margin/target
values for NOx,
SO2, PM10, NO2
and Pb, CO and
for benzene and
ozone
Good surface
and ground
water quality
according to the
Water
Framework
Directive 2015
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Mitigation measures
Recommendations
o
o
o
Impact of the programme on
the environmental objective
will be insignificant, we did
not predict any mitigation
measures.
o
o
Implementation
of
the
programme will not have
any
impact
on
the
environmental
objective.
We did not predict any
mitigation measures.
o
o
Measures/projects to increase the efficiency
of freight transport and logistics should be
included.
Innovative projects for stimulation of
freight transport with trains should be
supported.
Measures to support public cross-border and
interregional transportation should be
included,
i.
e.
cooperation
of
buses/minibuses on demand, single bus
tickets for the entire programming area etc.
Support for concepts of innovative mobility
solutions, schemes for cross border rentals
(cars, bikes e.g. in protected areas) and car
sharing and cross border transport means in
tourism.
All the activities for promotion of cultural
events should have provision of public
transport and intermodality for visitors as
one of the key activities.
All new buildings should be connected to
sewage system.
All sewage systems of the projects should
have waste water treatment.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
o
Safety of water
body quantity
(e.g. abstraction,
public water
supply or
beverage
production)
Improvement of
hydro
morphological
characteristics
Innovative projects for
measuring and charging
of water use
o Increase
of
public
awareness.
o Use of alternative water
resources
(e.g.
rainwater), recycling of
waste water.
Implementation
of
the
programme will not have
any
impact
on
the
environmental
objective.
We did not predict any
mitigation measures.
Impact of the programme on
the environmental objective
will be insignificant, we did
not predict any mitigation
measures.
Noise
Reduce the share
of population
exposed to noise
Resources
Rational use of
natural
resources (land,
mineral goods,
fossil fuel)
Impact of the programme on
the environmental objective
will be insignificant, we did
not predict any mitigation
measures.
Soil
Soil protection
against erosion
and pollution
Impact of the programme on
the environmental objective
will be insignificant, we did
not predict any mitigation
measures.
Protect and
restore habitats
and natural
systems and
preserve
biodiversity
Impact of the programme on
the environmental objective
will be positive, we did not
predict
any
mitigation
measures.
Nature
Effective and
integrated nature
conservation in
protected areas
Accessibility
(services, public
transport)
Population and
health
Decreased flood
risk
Energy
Increase of
energy efficiency
in all areas of
energy
consumption
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
Impact of the programme on
the environmental objective
will be positive, we did not
predict
any
mitigation
measures.
Impact of the programme on
the environmental objective
will be positive, we did not
predict
any
mitigation
measures.
Impact of the programme on
the environmental objective
will be positive, we did not
predict
any
mitigation
measures.
Impact of the programme on
the environmental objective
will be positive, we did not
predict
any
mitigation
measures.
o
Introducing clean technologies; waterconserving
technologies,
establishing
closed-loop systems.
o
Minimise interventions into the river banks
– i.e. no building on the river banks.
o
Efficient land use planning for different
activities (separation of dwelling areas and
tourist areas/open-air event places…)
o
Brownfield sites and degraded areas should
be primarily used as sites for new
construction.
Urban sprawl must not be encouraged.
Foster investments and improved use in
existing tourist infrastructure.
o
o
Recommendations for water and resources will
have positive impact on soil as well.
o
o
o
o
o
o
Locations with low importance for
biodiversity should be used primarily used
as sites for new construction.
Investments in new infrastructure require
attention and possibly an EIA on existing
natural areas, protected areas and Natura
2000 areas.
Support the uptake of Environmental
Management Systems and Audit Schemes
in tourism industry (ISO 14.000, EMAS,
Eco-labels, green purchases etc.).
Support explicitly sustainable products for
tourism and leisure economy.
Support measures, which focus on
environmental awareness of the public.
Revitalisation of urban and village centres
should strongly focus on energy efficiency,
including promotion of district heating,
alternative fuels and building energy
efficiency. Use of biomass and other
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
Waste
Cultural
heritage and
Landscape
Increased use of
the renewable
energy sources
Impact of the programme on
the environmental objective
will be positive, we did not
predict
any
mitigation
measures.
Decreasing
waste by
approximately
20 % by 2010
and by 50 % by
2050 compared
to 2000
Impact of the programme on
the environmental objective
will be insignificant, we did
not predict any mitigation
measures.
Revitalisation
and restoration
of cultural
heritage
Preservation of
elements that
contribute to
recognition of
cultural
landscape
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
renewable energy resources should be
encouraged.
o
Impact of the programme on
the environmental objective
will be positive, we did not
predict
any
mitigation
measures.
Implementation
of
the
programme will not have
any negative impact on the
environmental
objective.
We did not predict any
mitigation measures.
o
o
o
o
Prepare a cross border strategy for waste
and its possible proper use as secondary
material.
Support projects for cross-border waste
disposal.
Support to spatial planning should be
oriented to urban and village regeneration.
Topology of the cultural landscape should
be taken into consideration when building is
foreseen (traditional architecture,...).
Cooperation
in
cultural
heritage
conservation could focus on promotion of
environmentally friendly renovation of
buildings as well as promotion of traditional
knowledge used as environmentally friendly
techniques.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
7. MONITORING THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT
State monitoring carried out by the Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia and
statistical data collected by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia enable us to monitor
the status of the environment and obtain data on the environmental impacts of the Operating
Programme’s implementation in the Slovenian part of the programming area.
In Hungary, the monitoring is carried out by the Hungarian Biodiversity Programme. The aim of a
monitoring programme might be the observation of changes in the fauna and flora caused by a
known or estimated environmental change such as the decrease of water-table levels, or climate
change. Due to the very high number of species and habitats, it is impossible to monitor
everything and everywhere. In the design of the Hungarian Biodiversity Monitoring System the
following key areas were given priority:
o the monitoring of endangered and protected natural values,
o the observation of elements with a diagnostic value in assessing the general state of the biota
and communities,
o the study of the direct and indirect effects of human-induced changes, and changes of the
environment.
In addition, a system is being established to monitor the status of species and habitat types
protected within the network of Natura 2000 sites, as well as the status of biodiversity in general.
We suggest that following indicators are monitored:
o Total GHG emissions on national level,
o Emissions of SO2, NOX, PM10, Pb, CO, O3 and benzene,
o Quantity of water in aquifer,
o Quality of water in aquifer,
o Water consumption per inhabitant,
o Total amount of cleaned waste water,
o Number of nature management plans,
o Number of restored cultural heritage sites,
o Life expectancy,
o The damage caused by natural disasters,
o Share of population exposed to noise,
o Number of passengers in public transport,
o Number of new public transport routes,
o % of production of electrical from all renewable energy resources per entire production of
electrical energy,
o Total amount of municipal waste produced,
o Total amount of hazardous waste produced,
o Total amount of municipal waste recycled,
o Total amount of municipal waste disposed at municipal waste disposal sites.
As can be seen in Table 3, State of the Environment in Indicators, on pg.31, there are no data for
some of the listed indicators. Since the proposed indicators reflect current state of the environment
according to the set environmental goals, effort should be made to establish systems to obtain this
information. Responsible bodies should therefore inform appropriate authorities in both countries
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
(e.g. Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia) to start monitoring the state of the
environment and obtain data on the environmental impacts.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
8. NOTE ON THE COMPREHENSIVENESS OF THE REPORT
The structure and chapter layout of the current environmental report is based on the Decree laying
down the content of environmental report and on detailed procedure for the assessment of the
effects on certain plans and programmes on the environment (Official Gazette of the RS, No.
73/05). In preparing the chapters, we also observed the provisions of the Directive 2001/42 by the
European Parliament and European Council dated 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects
of certain plans and programmes on the environment (the “SEA Directive”). The environmental
report will be assessed by the relevant national authorities and examined in the second phase of
the strategic environmental assessment.
The preparation of this environmental report was based on the statutory requirements, guidelines,
scoping, type and extent of activities to be carried out in the context of the Operational Programme
and selected data.
The evaluation criteria and methodology used are based on past experience in the field of strategic
environmental assessments for planning documents and various handbooks on strategic
environmental assessment of effects on the environment, in particular the “Handbook on SEA for
Cohesion Policy 2007 – 2013”.
The analysis of the environmental status was based on accessible data. The data ware collected
from various databases and reports. The central data source was Slovenia’s State of the
Environment Report, as amended by reports prepared by the Environmental Agency of the
Republic of Slovenia for the European Environment Agency, as well as on data provided by
NORD for Hungary. It should be emphasized that data from various sources are not always
identical, however they do not contradict each other, which suggests that the trends are most likely
correct.
The effect of priorities will largely depend on what kind of projects will be supported. By
supporting environmental technologies and preventive measures we can encourage economic
growth and realize the environmental protection objectives of the programme. When assessing the
impacts on achieving an individual environmental objective, we tried to provide a general
evaluation, based on assumptions regarding the impacts of the proposed activities.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
10. CONCLUSION
The purpose of the strategic environmental assessment is to establish the compliance of the
programme with the environmental objectives as set forth by the legislation and the strategic
objectives at relevant levels. The results of the process of strategic environmental assessment are
the environmental report and the adjusted programme with proposed mitigation measures.
The European Territorial Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia – Hungary 2007
– 2013 is acceptable from the environmental aspect when mitigation measures in
Environmental report are fully considered.
Oikos, svetovanje za razvoj, d.o.o.
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Environmental Report for Cross border Cooperation Operational Programme Slovenia-Hungary 2007-2013
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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podporo rasti in novim delovnim mestom: Strateške smernice Skupnosti, 2007–2013.
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19. European Commission (Directorate General for Regional Policy), Tavistock Institute, GHK
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evaluation and innovative actions, Evaluation and additionality: The New Programming
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evaluation and innovative actions, Evaluation and additionality: The New Programming
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cohesion policy is successful?, Integrating micro and macro approaches to the evaluation of
Structural Funds, March, 2006.
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