IRRIGATION WATER USE
EFFICIENCY
– FIELD STATIONARY EXPERIMENT
Jozef Takac, Pavol Nejedlik,
Nejedlik,
Bernard Siska
ADAGIO, CECILIA, COST734 workshop
Jois,, AT, Oct. 6Jois
6-8, 2008
Goal
Statistical evaluation of the
efficiency of the irrigation o
off crop
production
ADAGIO, CECILIA, COST734 workshop
Jois, AT, Oct. 66-8, 2008
Locality
ADAGIO, CECILIA, COST734 workshop
Jois, AT, Oct. 66-8, 2008
Locality
ADAGIO, CECILIA, COST734 workshop
Jois, AT, Oct. 66-8, 2008
Locality –
experimental field of
Irrigation Research Institute
ADAGIO, CECILIA, COST734 workshop
Jois, AT, Oct. 66-8, 2008
Agroclimatic regions in Slovakia
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Locality - Data
Field stationary experiment:
Loamy soil
Underground water level 8 m under the ground
Yearly mean temperature 9,8°
9,8°C
April--September average temp. 16
April
16,2
,2°°C
Yearly precipitation totals 554 mm
April--September prec. totals 317 mm
April
Mean start of the vegetation period – March 18
ADAGIO, CECILIA, COST734 workshop
Jois, AT, Oct. 66-8, 2008
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Data
Field experiment data
from 19731973-2006
Selected crops:
crops:
winter wheat, spring barley, maize – in 7 years
sugar beet in 4 years
Irrigated and non irrigated fields in paralel with
7 variants of nutrition 0 - NPK - N1P1K1
ADAGIO, CECILIA, COST734 workshop
Jois, AT, Oct. 66-8, 2008
Method
/Evaluated parameters/
Irrigation efficiency IE [% ]
Yi
IE = * 100
Yr
Yi yield of irrigated plant [kg/ha]
Yr yield of non irrigated plant [kg/ha]
ADAGIO, CECILIA, COST734
workshop Jois, AT, Oct. 6
6--8, 2008
Evaluated parameters
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Water use efficiency WUE [ kg/mm ]
Y
WUE =
ET
Y yield of irrigated plant [kg/ha]
ET actual evapotranspiration
/from seeding to harvest/
ADAGIO, CECILIA, COST734 workshop
Jois, AT, Oct. 66-8, 2008
Evaluated parameters
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency IWUE [ kg/mm ]
Yi − Yr
IWUE =
I
Yi yield of irrigated plant [kg/ha]
Yr yield of non irrigated plant [kg/ha]
l irrigation amount [mm]
ADAGIO, CECILIA, COST734
workshop Jois, AT, Oct. 6
6--8, 2008
Results
Statistical parameters of irrigation efficiency IE [%] according to
field experiment in 1973
1973--2006
Crop
Average Median
Min.
Max.
Winter wheat
9
9
-14
84
Spring barley
3
0
-28
54
Maize
92
30
4
727
Silage maize
174
33
6
744
Sugar beet
42
26
11
108
Alfalfa
47
34
3
151
ADAGIO, CECILIA, COST734
workshop Jois, AT, Oct. 6
6--8, 2008
Median of amount of irrigation water [mm],
evapotranspiration parameters [mm], and irrigation water
efficiency parameters [mm]
Crop
Irrigatio
n [mm]
ET
[mm]
ETmax
[mm]
ET/ETmax
[-]
[kg.mm-1]
[kg.mm-1]
Winter
wheat
60
0
40
0
140
0
220
0
540
487
397
394
600
407
718
495
623
623
441
441
683
683
860
860
0,859
0,775
0,961
0,925
0,863
0,596
0,876
0,566
11,29
11,28
12,35
13,43
17,46
20,93
98,08
115,26
7,92
0,14
21,90
87,96
-
Spring
barley
Maize
Sugar
beet
ADAGIO, CECILIA, COST734 workshop
Jois, AT, Oct. 66-8, 2008
WUE
IWUE
Relation between actual evapotranspiration (ET) and yields
/all nutrition variants/
winter wheat
spring barley
8
10
6
yield [t.ha-1]
yield [t.ha-1]
8
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
400
450
500
550
ET [mm]
600
650
250
maize
350
400
ET [mm]
450
500
sugar beet
100
16
80
yield [t.ha-1]
12
yield [t.ha-1]
300
8
4
60
40
20
0
0
300
350
400
450 500
ET [mm]
550
600
650
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
ET [mm]
Relation between actual evapotranspiration (ET) and yields
/optimal nutrition /
winter wheat
spring barley
10
8
6
yield [t.ha-1]
yield [t.ha-1]
8
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
400
450
500
550
ET [mm]
600
650
250
maize
350
400
ET [mm]
450
500
sugar beet
100
16
80
yield [t.ha-1]
12
yield [t.ha-1]
300
8
4
60
40
20
0
0
300
350
400
450 500
ET [mm]
550
600
650
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
ET [mm]
Relation between relative evapotranspiration (ET/ETmax) and yield
/all nutrition variants/
winter wheat
spring barley
8
10
6
yield [t.ha-1]
yield [t.ha-1]
8
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
50
60
70
80
ET/ETmax [mm]
90
100
50
maize
70
80
ET/ETmax [mm]
90
100
70
80
ET/ETmax [mm]
90
100
sugar beet
16
100
80
yield [t.ha-1]
12
yield [t.ha-1]
60
8
4
60
40
20
0
0
40
50
60
70
80
ET/ETmax [mm]
90
100
50
60
Relation between precipitation during the veg. period and WUE
/non irrigated, all nutrition variants/
spring barley
20
16
16
WUE [kg.mm-1]
WUE [kg.mm-1]
winter wheat
20
12
8
12
8
4
4
0
0
240
280
320 360 400
precipitation [mm]
440
120
480
maize
280
sugar beet
160
WUE [kg.mm-1]
30
WUE [kg.mm-1]
160
200
240
precipitation [mm]
20
10
0
120
80
40
0
200
300
400
500
precipitation [mm]
600
200
240
280
320
precipitation [mm]
360
Relation between irrigation dosage and IWUE
/all nutrition variants/
winter wheat
spring barley
60
40
20
IWUE [kg.mm-1]
IWUE [kg.mm-1]
40
0
-20
20
0
-20
-40
-40
20
40
60
80
irrigation [mm]
100
30
120
500
40
400
30
20
300
200
10
100
0
0
0
60
sugar beet
50
IWUE [kg.mm-1]
IWUE [kg.mm-1]
maize
40
50
irrigation [mm]
50
100
150
irrigation [mm]
200
250
40
80
120
160 200
irrigation [mm]
240
280
Histograms of Irrigation Water Use Efficiency IWUE
/all nutrition variants/
winter wheat
spring barley
16
25
12
15
number
number
20
10
8
4
5
0
0
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
IWUE [kg.mm-1]
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
IWUE [kg.mm-1]
maize
sugar beet
25
6
20
5
number
number
4
15
10
3
2
5
1
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
IWUE [kg.mm-1]
60
70
40
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
IWUE [kg.mm-1]
Statistics of IWUE according to the nutrition variants
winter wheat
60
spring barley
40
20
IWUE [kg.mm-1]
0
-20
20
0
-20
NPK
N1PK
N1P1K1
N1PK
N1P1K1
maize
500
sugar beet
400
200
fertilization
N1P1K1
N1PK
NPK
NK
0
PK
0
NP
100
O
10
NK
20
300
PK
30
NP
IWUE [kg.mm-1]
40
IWUE [kg.mm-1]
NK
fertilization
O
50
NPK
fertilization
PK
O
N1P1K1
N1PK
NPK
NK
PK
NP
-40
O
-40
NP
IWUE [kg.mm-1]
40
fertilization
Conclusions
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Positive effect of irrigation comes mainly at the crops
harvested in late summer, maize and sugar beet.
Irrigation efficiency was lower at the cereals
Irrigation water use efficiency was highest at all crops
during dry seasons when low irrigation dosages were
applied
Precipitation totals during the vegetation season, resp.
the amount of water flowing into the system is not the
only parameter determining the efficiency of water use
by the crops. The way and the date of irrigation as well
as the nutrition and soil properties and their
interactions play the decisive role.