Name: ___________________________________________
Chapter 5 Study Guide
Cell Membranes and Transports
Honors Biology
1. All living cells are encased within a lipid membrane that few water-soluble
substances can pass through. The membrane contains protein passage-ways which
allows specific substances to move into & out of the cell. This delicate skin of
lipids with embedded proteins is called a ______________________
2. What is the plasma membrane also called?
3. List the 3 functions of the plasma membrane
1.
2.
3.
4. Phospholipids have a _____________ head and 2 ___________ fatty acid tails.
Water molecules surround the plasma membrane.
5. The phospholipids line up so their heads point outward toward the water & their
tails point inward away from the water. The result: ________________
6. The cell membrane of eukaryotes contain lipids called ___________, found
between the tails of the phospholipids. The major membrane in animal cells is
_______________. Sterols in the plasma membrane make the membrane more
firm & prevent freezing in low temperatures.
7. Membrane proteins often contain specific proteins embedded within the lipid
bilayer called ____________
8. The three classes of membrane proteins:
1. ________________________: emerge from only 1 side of the membrane
2. ________________________: extend across the plasma membrane
exposed to both sides
3. ________________________: lie on only 1 side of the membrane and are
not embedded in it.
9. Carbohydrates are exposed to the cells outside environments and act as labels on
the cell. The labels do the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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10. _____________________________ states that the phospholipid bilayer behaves
like a fluid more than it behaves like a solid
11. The ___________________________ is made of lipids and globular proteins
12. In 1935, _________ ____________ ____________ portrayed the cell membranes
as a sandwich
13. In 1972 _______________ and _________________ revised the model in a
simple but profound way calling it __________________________________
14. List the 6 key classes of membrane proteins. Be familiar with how they move into
and out of the cell.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
15. Transporter proteins are not selective. (true or false)
16. Transporter proteins only allow certain substances to leave or enter the cell
through ____________ or _____________
17. Transporter proteins each have a channel selective for a particular molecule. (true
or false)
18. Enzymes are involved in chemical reactions outside the cell. (true or false)
19. Cell surface receptors work to detect __________ ___________ with receptor
proteins found on their _____________
20. Cell surface identity markers carry their own markers to identify themselves to
other cells. (true or false)
21. Cell surface identity markers do not have ID tags specific for protein
combination. (true or false)
22. Cell adhesion proteins use specific ___________ to __________ themselves to
one another either temporary or __________________
23. Proteins that provide for attachment to the cytoskeleton interact with other cells
often _____________ themselves to the __________ by linking ___________
24. List the 3 types of passive transport
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25. _____________ is the movement of molecules from an area of ____________
concentration to an area of ____________ concentration.
26. Diffusion is the simplest type of active transport (true or false)
27. The difference found in the concentration of molecules across a distance is called
_______________________________
28. Sugar molecules placed in high concentration at the bottom of a beaker will
1.
2.
3.
29. Molecules tend to move from areas where they are more concentrated to areas
where they are less concentrated or “down” their concentration gradient.
Diffusion will eventually become ____________-where the concentration of
molecules will be ___________throughout the space
30. ______________________allow some molecules to pass through, but not others,
where __________________only allows certain molecules to pass through the
membrane. Key factor in the exchange of substances between cells and tissue
fluids. Ex: Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between lungs and blood
31. List the factors that affect the rate of diffusion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
32. Molecules that cells require are polar and cannot pass through the nonpolar
interior of the phospholipid bilayer-so they enter through specific channels in the
plasma membrane. The inside of the channel is polar which moves them across
the membrane. Each channel (which fits the molecule) is selective that that type
of molecule and is said to be _____________________________
33. ___________________________ is used by molecules that cannot easily diffuse
through cell membranes. Molecules may not be soluble in lipids or too large to
pass through. Assistance is given by _______________
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34. _________________________ Transport molecules from an area of higher
concentration on one side of the membrane to an area of lower concentration on
the other side
35. An example of facilitated diffusion is ________________
36. A type of transport that involves membrane proteins are known as
________________________ in the form of passive transport.
The ions are ______________________________
37. Ion proteins gates may open or close in response to 3 kinds of stimuli:
1.
2.
3.
38. ________________ is the process where water molecules diffuse across a cell
membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
This is a type of __________________ transport
39. What is hypotonic solution?
40. Give an example
41. What is hypertonic solution?
42. Give an example
43. What is isotonic solution?
44. Give an example
45. Terms associated with osmosis:
a. ___________________ describes a cell that loses water and shrinks
b. ___________________ describes a cell that gains water and swells
c. ____________________ ________________ is pressure created by water
where the cytoplasm pushes against the cell membrane
c. ____________________ ________________ is pressure created by water
as it moves into or out of a cell
d. ___________________ ____________________ is pressure in plant cells
called __________ that makes a plant rigid and up right instead of wilted.
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46. Hypertonic & Hypertonic solutions are determined by the % solute in a solution.
Example: a cell has 1% salt and its environmental solution has 5% salt. Then the
environmental solution is the Hypertonic solution and the cell is the Hypotonic
solution. Water will always move from where IT is high to where IT is low.
**In a 1% cell solution water would be about 99% and the 5% environmental
solution, water would be 95%. Water moves from 9995. (hypo to hyper) the
cell would ___________ (shrink or swell)
47. The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient requiring energy
or ATP is called _______________________. Examples: _______________
48. ___________________ is a carrier protein in animal cells that requires ATP &
ADP to transport Na+ and K+ ions up their concentration gradients.
49. Describe how the Sodium Potassium Pump Works:
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
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Step 4:
Step 5:
50. Why do cells need a Na+ -- K+ Pump?
51. The 3 types of endocytosis is
1.
2.
3.
52. Exocytosis means
53. List some examples of exocytosis
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