Chapter 12 – Test Yourself
Questions
1. ______________ ______________ are enzymes that cut the ______________ ______________ backbone of DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
2. Joining together DNA fragments from different sources produces a ______________
molecule.
3. DNA fragments with ______________ ______________ tend to join together because of
their complementary single-stranded overhangs.
4. In order to gain access to a host cell and be replicated, a fragment of DNA must be taken up
by a ______________ molecule.
5. ______________ ______________ enable us to detect which host cells have been
transformed. A commonly used example is resistance to ______________.
6. Another name for a polylinker is a ______________ ______________ ______________.
7. A short sequence of labelled single-stranded DNA used to locate a specific target sequence
is known as a ______________.
8. The removable central section of the phage Lambda genome is known as a ______________
fragment.
9. Bacteriophage ______________ is a useful vector if DNA is required in a ____________________________ form.
10. Cloning vectors combining features of plasmids and phage Lambda are called
______________.
11. ______________ vectors incorporate foreign DNA at a site that is surrounded by essential
signal sequences.
12. E. coli is not suitable host for the expression of complex eukaryotic proteins because it lacks
the molecular machinery to carry out ______________ modifications such as
______________.
13. ______________ DNA contains only those sequences that are involved in coding for a
polypeptide product.
14. Yeast plasmids are based on a naturally-occurring sequence called the ______________
______________.
15. ______________ vectors are able to replicate in both ______________ and
______________ cells
16. A virus found to be useful in the expression of eukaryotic genes is the ______________. It is
grown in cultured ______________ cells.
17. The soil bacterium A. tumefaciens contains a plasmid called ______________, which causes
crown gall disease. Part of it, the ______________, integrates into host chromosomes.
18. Genes from Bacillus thuringiensis coding for ______________ have been introduced into
plant cells, making them ______________ resistant.
19. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) comprises repeated cycles of the following three steps:
______________, ______________ of primers and ______________ by ______________
DNA polymerase.
20. PCR results in an ______________ increase in the number of copies of the target sequence.
Essential Microbiology, Second Edition. Stuart Hogg.
© 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chapter 12 – Test Yourself
Answers
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restriction endonucleases, sugar-phosphate
recombinant
sticky (cohesive) ends
vector
selectable marker, antibiotics (or named example)
multiple cloning site
probe
stuffer
M13, single-stranded
cosmids
cassette
post-translational, glycosylation/ phosphorylation
complementary
2µ circle
shuttle, yeast, E. coli (bacteria)
baculovirus, insect
Ti, T-DNA
δ-endotoxin, insect
denaturation, annealing, extension, thermostable (Taq)
exponential
Essential Microbiology, Second Edition. Stuart Hogg.
© 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.