TO
CHEMISTRY
Teacher’s Information
Shafikul Islam
Lecturer (Chemistry)
Morning Glory School & College
Savar Cantonment, Dhaka.
Let’s Observe a Figure
Solid
Heating
Heating
Cooling
Cooling
Liquid
Which topic are we going
to discuss???
Gas
States
of
Matter
Learning Outcome
After completion of this lesson learners will be able to --1. Describe matter and their classification;
2. Explain the properties of solid, liquid and gases;
3. Describe various types of physical transformations of matter;
4. Explain the kinetic theory of matter;
5. Explain properties of solid, liquid and gases based on kinetic theory.
Matter and Their Properties
Matter is an object that has mass, occupies space
and exhibits resistance to the applied force.
• Matters have mass.
• All matters occupy space.
• Matters exhibit resistance when pressure is
applied on it.
• Every matter is formed by small particles.
THREE STATES OF MATTER
Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in continual
random motion.
Any state of matter has two competitive forces e. g.
intermolecular force and kinetic energy.
Characteristics of SOLIDS
• Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a
fixed position.
• Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
• Intermolecular distance is less.
• Intermolecular force > K. E.
Characteristics of LIQUIDS
100 mL
 Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far
enough apart to slide over one another.
 Particles are free to move randomly throughout the
medium.
 Intermolecular force is almost equal to K. E.
 Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Characteristics of GASES
2.0 kg




Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Intermolecular force is very weak.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Intermolecular force < K. E.
Transformation of States
Heating
Heating
Cooling
Cooling
Melting Point: The temperature at which a solid substance is converted to its
liquid state is called melting point of that solid
Boiling Point: At normal pressure, the temperature at which a liquid substance
is converted to the gas phase is called boiling point of that liquid.
What are the names of the different types of transformation taking place
in the above animation?
Transformation of States
Description of
Phase Change
Solid to liquid
Term for Phase
Change
Melting
Liquid to Solid Freezing/Solidification
Liquid to gas
Vaporization
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Gas to Solid
Sublimation
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Heat goes to solid as it
melts.
Heat leaves the liquid as it
freezes.
Heat goes into the liquid
as it vaporizes.
Heat leaves the gas as
it condenses.
Heat goes into the solid
as it sublimates.
Heat leaves the vapor if a
sublimate solidifies.
Sugar
Oxygen
Cylinder
Balloons full
of helium gas
Mercury
Salt
Lubricating
oil
Marble
stone
Limestone
Milk
Water
Soya bin
oil
Tabulate solids, liquids and gases
from the above materials.
Stone
Can you tell ….
1. Why solid substances have the strongest
intermolecular force?
2. Why the tube of the wheel of car burst out
while moving at summer?
3. In which state of matter the molecular
vibration is more? Why?
Answer the following questions based on the figure below.
A
Heating
Heating
Cooling
Cooling
B
C
a) What do you mean by boiling point of a liquid?
1
b) Why the melting point and boiling point of a substance are different?
2
c) Mention the characteristics of the phases A, B and C of the above figure.
3
d) What type of changes are shown in the above scheme? Explain with logic.
4
THANK YOU
FOR
YOUR
ATTENTION
Do Not Panic; Just
Practice…….
Goodbye