Water Column Monitoring 2017
Preliminary study plan
Daniela M. Pampanin (IRIS)
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New guidelines published in 2015 (M-408)
Companies operating on the NCS are required to carry out environmental
monitoring in order to obtain information on the actual and potential
environmental impacts of their activities and to give authorities a better basis for
regulation.
Guidelines contain general requirements and detailed instructions on how
requirements should be met.
Changes:
- Extended survey every three years.
- Use of both caged mussels and wild fish.
- The terms “effect monitoring” and “condition Monitoring” are no longer in use,
activities coordinated and harmonised in the same program.
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Project organization 2017
Cooperation among IRIS (administrator), NIVA, IMR, SINTEF
Preliminary plan:
- WP 1 - Effects in caged mussels, near field and regional approach (IRIS, NIVA)
- WP 2 - Effects in near field populations of wild fish (IRIS, NIVA)
- WP 3 - Effects in regional populations of wild fish (IMR)
- WP 4 - Zooplankton based monitoring (SINTEF)
Additional activities under consideration
- WP 5 - DREAM validation study (SINTEF)
- WP 6 - Further method development DNA adduct (IMR, IRIS, NIVA)
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Water Column Monitoring – overview of previous studies
År
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Effect monitoring
1995
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Statfjord C
Tampen
Ekofisk
Sleipner
Tampen
Tampen
Troll B
Statfjord B
Lab / litterateur studies
Ekofisk
Lab / litterateur studies
Ekofisk
Ekofisk
Lab / litterateur studies
Gullfaks C
Troll C
No caging
No caging
Caged mussels
2013
2014
Veslefrikk
Oseberg S
Njord A
Wild fish
Wild fish
Wild fish
2016
Laboratory study
Zooplankton
(Becpelag)
(Becpelag)
Condition monitoring
Egersundbanken, Sleipner og Tampen
Barentshavet, Halten, Tampen, Egersund /Lingbanken
Caged cod/mussels
Caged cod/mussels
Caged cod/mussels
Egersundbanken, Tampen, Barentshavet, Haltenbanken
Caged mussels/wild fish
Caged mussels
Nordsjøen, Egersundbanken
Haltenbanken
Rationale for selecting the Tampen area
- Significant PW discharges in the region
- Additional contribution from UK waters
Near field and regional approach with wider spread of relevant rigs
- Old fields with significant cuttings piles on the seabed
Old cuttings with OBM (discharged before1993)
Relevant for the fish approach
- IMR wild fish survey at Tampen in 2017
Provide reference and positive control materials
- Elevated levels of DNA adducts observed in haddock from the region
Condition monitoring 2002 →
- 13 years since last WCM in the area
Statfjord B, 2004
Based on discharge of natural compounds 2005
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Rationale for selecting Statfjord A
- Mature field with significant PW discharges
- Cessation planned
Relevant to document environmental conditions before field abandonment
- Chemical conditions on cuttings pile well documented
DNV GL study, 2012
- Moderate depth reduces risk for loss of rigs
(e.g. 5 rigs lost at Gullfaks C in 2011)
- Commercially important local fish populations
Spawning: saithe, pollock, hake, haddock, cod
- Relevant fish species expected to be available (~150 m)
Important requirement for implementation of the wild fish study
(Veslefrikk 185 m / Njord 330 m - tusk, ling; Oseberg S 100 m, haddock, whiting)
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6
2017 investigation
Holistic approach where different WPs support each other by exchange
of material and results
(e.g. fish caught by IMR exploited as reference for the near field study)
→ improved scientific outcome and better cost efficiency
Near field
- Caged mussels (near field rig design)
- Wild fish populations
- Zooplankton (later presentation SINTEF)
Regional
- Caged mussels (regional rig design)
- Wild fish populations
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WP 1
Caged mussel
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Active biomonitoring is applied to provide information about the effect of the discharge
during an assigned period of time.
1
4
Quantification of biochemical, physiological and/or organism responses.
Known distances from the discharge point, enabling exposure gradient to be determined.
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6
5
2
3
8
10
9
- Number of mussel rigs (~ 15 stations)
- Distribution of rigs based on previous results at Statfjord B and the update
simulation (DREAM)
- Support parameters: hydrographical measurements
(Current, CTD, turbidity, etc.)
- Tools for support parameters (i.e. passive samplers)
- Chemical and biological markers (mandatory and possibly additional optional parameters)
Flexible analysis design
- 2-tier approach (screening of many stations around the discharge)
- Focus analysis effort on exposed cages (stations were the 1-tier shows a signal)
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Utslippstall fra 2005 uten produksjonskjemikalier
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Tier 1 - Screening: mussel body burden (bioaccumulation)
sensitive biomarker
Tier 2 - Assessment of potential effects using a battery of biomarkers
Biological markers in mussels
Contribute to development of new techniques for monitoring
Priority areas:
- Monitoring several levels of the ecosystem (e.g. zooplankton, filter feeders, fish)
- Transcriptomics, proteomics, benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase (BPH), vitellogenin (VTG), epigenetic changes,
YES/anti-YES/YAS/anti-YAS)
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WP 2
Wild fish
Passive biomonitoring involves catch of free living organisms.
Approach more relevant for long term effect of PW discharge and ecosystem condition evaluations.
Effect monitoring with wild fish previously used in Becpelag and in 2013 / 2014 WCM surveys
- Both pelagic and demersal species
- Min 3 species recommended in the guidelines
- 25 specimens from each species at each location
- Chemical and biological markers (mandatory and possibly some additional optional parameters)
- The use of 5 species is recommended for data analysis
(US EPA suggests min n 5 species for the use of SSD analysis)
- Possible candidates: haddock, whiting, tusk, ling (demersal) and saithe (pelagic)
Selection of species must be based on actual availability.
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Biological markers in fish
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WP 4
Zooplankton
Copepods will be included for the first time
Lab exposure and method development conducted by SINTEF in 2016
See separate SINTEF presentation!
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Data interpretation
C1-3 OH-NPH in caged cod bile
Various strategies have been applied to summarise the
results of biomarker analyses, using different statistical
and modelling tools.
› Most of the developed tools (indexes) are efficient (e.g.
Biomarker Responses Index (BRI), Bioeffect Assessment Index
(BAI), Health Assessment Index (HAI))
› Establishment of threshold levels (e.g. ICES working groups)
› Species sensitivity distribution
Σ C1-C3 OH-naphthalenes-ng/g bile
6000
5000
*
Statfjord B
4000
*
3000
2000
1000
0
Distance to
Statfjord B
0.5 km
1 km
10 km Ref
Data: E. Aas & G. Jonsson et al (2004)
Predeploye
d
Data interpretation
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to
biomarker data and chemical results.
Total explained variance : 69%.
Integrative Biomarker Response (IBR)
It was developed by Belieff and Burgeot (2002) in order to integrate biochemical,
genotoxicity and histochemical biomarkers.
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Data interpretation for 2017 study
Use of Species Sensitivity Distribution based on biomarkers data
to link monitoring activity with risk assessment evaluation
3 publications (submitted):
I: Biomarker quantification in fish exposed to crude oil as input to Species Sensitivity
Distributions and threshold values for environmental monitoring.
II. Species Sensitivity Distributions based on Biomarkers and Whole Organism
Responses for integrated impact and risk assessment criteria.
III: Use of Biomarkers as Risk Indicators in Environmental Risk Assessment of oil based
discharges offshore
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Water Column Monitoring 2017
› Proposed approach
• Long term experience in the effect of the Produced Water plume
in the water column, previous study to refer to.
• It represents a near field control (caged mussels and wild fish).
• List of selected biomarkers will be discussed
• Examining the effects on the ecosystem in the area of the
discharge
• It represents a regional control (caged mussels and wild fish).
• List of selected biomarkers will be discussed
• Increasing focus on ecosystem effects: ecological focus
PW plume
Ecosystem
effect
Planned field operation
Operation
Cruise 1
Cruise 2
Cruise 3
(~April 19th)
(~15th May)
(~May 29th)
Deployment mussels, Statfjord A / Ref
X
Sampling fish Statfjord A
X
Retrieval mussels, Statfjord A / Ref
X
Sampling mussels, Statfjord A / Ref
X
Sampling zooplankton
X
Collection of wild fish, Tampen / Egersundb.
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(X)
X
Thank you for your attention
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