Functional Exercise
Physiology
Task 1
1.1 Discuss the sources of fuel
available to the body
• The universal energy currency is ATP ( Adenosine Tri
Phosphate)
• However, do we have enough ATP to sustain energy for
long periods?
• Can we sprint indefinitely?!!!
Carbohydrate and Fat
oxidation
Approximate available fuel reserves
Fuel
Energy stored
(KJ)
Approximate time at 75 per
cent of max work
ATP, PCr, and glycogen
80
1 min
Blood glucose ( oxidation)
350
5 min
Liver glycogen ( oxidation)
1500
20 min
Muscle glycogen ( oxidation)
6000
1.5h
Plasma FFA and TG ( oxidation)
170
2min a
IMTF ( oxidation)
9000
2h a
Fat stores ( oxidation)
360000
3-4 days a
Protein
2000 000
1-2 days b
1.2
Assess the degree to which energy
systems are used in different sport
and exercise activities
Swim 1500m26:30
Bike 40km1:08
Run 10km: 45:50
Aerobic
Glycolytic
or
ATP/PCr ?
Running distance
Duration
Per cent oxidative
Per cent glycolytic
100m
0;9.58
10
90
20
80
30
70
60
40
80
20
95
5
97
3
99
1
0:10.49
200m
0;19.19
0;21.34
400m
0;43.18
0;47.6
800m
1:41,01
1.53.28
1500
3;26.0
3;50.46
5000m
12.37.35
14;11.15
10km
26;17.53
29;31.78
42.2km
2hours 03;38
2hours 15;25
1.3:Assess the energy expenditure for different
physically demanding activities with respect to the
concept of energy and work
• Activity: running
• Distance :15 km
• Duration: 1:22:27
• Pace:5:29min/km
• Energy: 978kcal
• HR: 161bpm
• Activity: TRX
• Duration: 30: 29
• Energy: 199kcal
• HR: 116bpm
Energy Expenditure
•
•
•
•
Energy Expenditure has 3 primary components:
BMR
Physical Activity
Body size, body composition, gender, psychological status
Other determinants of energy
expenditure in addition to physical
activity
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Body size
Body composition
Age
Gender
Environment
Genotype
Hormonal status
Psychological status
Stimulant agents
Disease
1.4
Discuss the results of laboratory VO2
measures
Aerobic Performance
• Fitness can be measured by the volume of oxygen you can
consume while exercising at maximal effort.
• This is known as your VO2 max and it is the maximal amount
of oxygen you can take up and use in one minute per kilogram
of your body weight.
Average untrained male- VO2 max of around 45ml/kg/min
A world class endurance athlete- VO2 max 80ml/kg/min
Average untrained female- VO2 max of around
38ml/kg/min
A world class endurance athlete- VO2 max of 70ml/kg/min
Why is this important?
• Aerobic capacity or vO2 max can be one of the most
important indicators of performance. Those with a higher
VO2max are fitter and can work harder than those who have a
lower VO2 max.
• Aerobic fitness may also factor into how well you recover.
Results
• 55.8ml/kg/min
• The VO2 will depend on factors such as: gender, age, sport you
play .
Average aerobic capacity data
Sport
Age
Male
Female
Basketball
18-30
40-60
43-60
Cycling
18-26
62-74
47-57
Football
22-28
54-64
50-60
Swimming
10-25
50-70
40-60
Volleyball
18-22
Weight lifting
20-30
40-56
38-52
Wilmore JH and Costill DL ( 2005)
Erin Densham, Olympic Triathlete, scored 67 ml/kg/min on her VO2max test
(Herald Sun Newspaper, 16 April 2009).