6/11/2013
Invasive Plant Definition
from USDA
10 Of NJ’s Invasive
Plants and Their
Chemical Controls
Todd Hagenbuch
Arborchem
570-401-7098
[email protected]
• “Invasive plants are introduced
species that can thrive in areas
beyond their natural range of
dispersal. These plants are
characteristically adaptable,
aggressive, and have high
reproductive capacity. Their vigor
combined with a lack of natural
enemies often leads to outbreak
populations.”
Quotes from Former US Forest Service
Chief Dale Bosworth in 2003
• “The 2nd greatest threat(1st is fire) to US forests is the
spread of unwanted invasive species.”
• “Nationwide invasive plants now cover an area larger
than the entire Northeast, from Pennsylvania to Maine.”
• “Each year, invasives gobble up an area larger than the
state of Delaware.”
• “All invasives combined cost Americans about $138
Billion per year in total economic damages and
associated control costs.”
• “Invasives have contributed to the decline of almost half
of all the imperiled species in the United States.”
How Have Plants
Become Invasive
in New Jersey?
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What makes the Invasive
Plants so prolific?
• Accidental Introduction
• Purposeful Introduction without
knowing the full capability of the plant
to become invasive
o Wildlife Value
o Ornamental Value
o Pretty Flowers
• Bird dispersal by seed
• Seed and Vegetative Reproduction
• Fast growth
• Growth before natives in the spring and after
natives in the fall
• Rapid Reproduction
• Tolerance to wide range of environmental
conditions
• High dispersal ability
Try and ID these Invasives
as we Go!
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Japanese Barberry
Japanese Barberry
• Introduced as an
ornamental in 1875 in
the form of seeds sent
from Russia to Boston.
• Invasive in 20 states
including NJ.
• Birds spread seed
readily.
• Braches can re-root
and start new plants.
• European Barberry is a
new potential invasive
in the Northeast.
Japanese
Barberry
Herbicide Control
Measures:
Contact Arborchem
for specific
recommendations
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6/11/2013
Japanese Stiltgrass
Japanese
Stiltgrass
• Native of Japan and other
Asian countries.
• Annual Grass that grows in
many habitats. Upland to
wetland.
• Threatens native plants
and can compete with
natural tree regeneration.
• Spread throughout the
Mid Atlantic and partially
in the Mid West.
• Individual plants may
produce between 100 to
1,000 seeds and remain
viable for more than 5
years.
Japanese
Stiltgrass
Herbicide Control
Measures:
Contact Arborchem
for specific
recommendations
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6/11/2013
Autumn Olive
Autumn Olive
• Introduced in 1830’s.
• Used as re-vegetation in
strip mine areas.
• It thrives in disturbed
areas(roadsides and old
field succession).
• Forms dense thickets.
• PA Game Commission
introduced for wildlife
food and cover.
• Distinctive silvery scales
on leaves, stem, and fruit.
Autumn Olive
Herbicide Control
Measures:
Contact Arborchem
for specific
recommendations
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6/11/2013
Ailanthus
Ailanthus
• Introduced in
Philadelphia(1784).
• Then introduced to
California during the Gold
Rush.
• In 42 states today.
• Fast growing(6-8’ per yr.),
allelopathic tree.
• Prolific Seeder & Extreme
Vegetative Growth
Pattern.
• Tree Species responsible
for the start of the
Blackout of 2003.
Ailanthus
Herbicide Control
Measures:
Contact Arborchem
for specific
recommendations
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6/11/2013
*Multiflora Rose
*Multiflora
Rose
• Introduced to United
States from Japan in 1866
as rootstock for
ornamental rose.
• Extremely prolific
throughout US.
• Grows in old fields,
woods, roadsides, and
farms.
• Tremendous living fence,
impenetrable thickets.
• State wildlife agencies
utilized for cover and
food.
• Birds disperse seed
readily.
• Thorns are extremely
painful and bent back
like barbs on a hook.
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*Multiflora
Rose
Herbicide Control
Measures:
Contact Arborchem
for specific
recommendations
Invasive Bush Honeysuckle
Amur vs. Morrow’s
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Invasive Bush
Honeysuckle
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Amur, Morrow’s, Tartarian,
and quite a few others fall in
this group.
Generally hollow pith in the
stem compared to solid
stem on natives.
Red or Orange berries.
Introduced for bird forage
and erosion control.
Old field succession plants
many times found with
Autumn Olive and Multiflora
Rose.
Competes with Native
Honeysuckle for pollinators.
Morrow’s Honeysuckle can
inhabit wetlands, bogs, and
lakeshores.
Seed spread prolifically by
birds.
Invasive Bush
Honeysuckle
Herbicide Control
Measures:
Contact Arborchem
for specific
recommendations
Oriental Bittersweet
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Oriental
Bittersweet
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Introduced to U.S. in 1860’s
as an ornamental plant.
Found currently throughout
Mid Atlantic and Midwest.
Likes sun, but tolerant of
shade found in most forest
sites.
“Kudzu of The North”
Can climb 60’ up trees.
Fruits are Red and Yellow.
Can be confused with
Native Bittersweet.
Shades out desirable
vegetation.
Extremely strong vine that
can damage structure it
grows on.
Oriental
Bittersweet
Herbicide Control
Measures:
Contact Arborchem
for specific
recommendations
Japanese Knotweed
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Tough To Manage?
Japanese
Knotweed
Japanese
Knotweed
• Introduced from Japan in the
late 1800’s
• Found in the east from
Newfoundland to North
Carolina.
• Lines banks of creeks and
rivers, strip mined areas and
other disturbed sites(RR Yards
& Roadsides).
• Destroys biodiversity where it
exists.
• Grows by seed, but need male
and female plants.
• Grows intensely by vegetative
growth. (Flooding can lead to
new colonies).
• False Bamboo
• Infamous invasive amongst
many I encounter.
• Actually beneficial in its home
range of Japan.
Herbicide Control
Measures:
Contact Arborchem
for specific
recommendations
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*Purple Loosestrife
*Purple
Loosestrife
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*Purple
Loosestrife
Herbicide Control
Measures:
Introduced from Eurasia in 1800’s as
an ornamental and medicinal
plant(treatment for dysentery,
Internal and external bleeding, and
healing of wounds.
Plant displaces native marsh and
riverbank vegetation. Very few
waterfowl species are attracted to
Loosestrife.
Flowers from June to Sept.
Reproduces from seed and
vegetative growth.
One mature plant can produce 2-3
million seeds per year.
This can cross freely with others in
the Lythrum species.
On the Noxious Weed List for PA.
Any non-native Lythrum is on the list
as well.
Pretty, but pretty invasive.
Mile-a-Minute
Contact Arborchem
for specific
recommendations
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*Mile-a-Minute
*Mile-aMinute
• Native of Eastern Asia
and China.
• Introduced by accident
in the 1930’s in nursery
stock in York County, PA.
• It has moved 300 miles in
each direction since
then.
• Annual vine that grows
over desirable vegetation
including trees and
shrubs.
• Colonizes open and
disturbed areas.
• Seed set begins in early
August, its best to treat
before then.
*Mile-aMinute
Herbicide Control
Measures:
Contact Arborchem
for specific
recommendations
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Other Problematic
Invasive Plants
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Good Reference Site on
Invasive Plants-PA
Japanese Honeysuckle
Garlic Mustard
Thistles
Kudzu
Phragmites
http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/invasivetutorial/List.htm
New Chemistry
over past 2 years
• Bayer’s New
Bareground
Chemistry
o Indaziflam
• Esplanade
200SC
oReplaces
Diuron
•
Dupont’s 3 New Products
o Aminocyclopyrachlor
Products
• Streamline-Brush
Control
• PerspectiveBareground Weed
Control
• Viewpoint-Both
qualities
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Dupont
Thanks! And God Bless!
Todd Hagenbuch
Arborchem
570-401-7098
[email protected]
www.arborchem.com
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