World Engineering Education Forum 2012
“Engineering Education for Sustainable Development and Social Inclusion”
New Challenges in Engineering Education
Michael E. Auer
Danilo Garbi Zutin
15 October 2012
WEEF 2012 Buenos Aires
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Agenda of my Talk
• The New Challenges with Respect to Learning
• Theses about the Future of Learning
• The New Aspects in Engineering Education
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The New Challenges
• The New Challenges with Respect to Learning
• Theses about the Future of Learning
• The New Aspects in Engineering Education
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Peter F. Drucker
The most important and indeed the truly unique contribution
of management in the 20th Century was the fifty-fold
increase in the productivity of the MANUAL WORKER in
manufacturing.
The most important contribution management needs to
make in the 21st Century is similarly to increase the
productivity of KNOWLEDGE WORK and of the
KNOWLEDGE WORKER.
Peter F. Drucker “Management Challenges for the 21st Century”
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Peter F. Drucker
The most important and indeed the truly unique contribution
of management in the 20th Century was the fifty-fold
increase in the productivity of the MANUAL WORKER in
manufacturing.
The most important contribution management needs to
make in the 21st Century is similarly to increase the
EDUCATION
productivity of KNOWLEDGE
WORK and of the
KNOWLEDGE
TEACHER WORKER.
Peter F. Drucker “Management Challenges for the 21st Century”
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Shift happens
We are living in exponetial times!
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Agenda of my Talk
• The New Challenges with Respect to Learning
• Theses about the Future of Learning
• The New Aspects in Engineering Education
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Thesis 1
The Future of Learning requires the enforcement of a new learning model.
We need more to focus on 21st century competencies and expertise such as
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critical thinking,
complex problem solving,
collaboration,
multimedia communication
and much more
The DULP Vision:
New concepts:
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Open Educational Resources
Educational MashUps
Learning Ecosystems
Online Laboratories
Living Labs
MicroLearning
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Design inspired learning,
Ubiquitous learning,
Liquid learning places (liquid society), and
Person in place centered design,
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Thesis 2
The Future of Learning will be a balanced approach between:
• E-Learning and Face-to-face Learning
• Formal and informal learning
"Synergy from Classic and Future Engineering Education"
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Thesis 3
The Future of Learning will revolve more around context than content:
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Information Age.
Knowledge Society
Data, Information, Knowledge
Easy to access 7/24
Instruction
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Construction
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Learning in Transition
Learning in transition means:
Past Focus
The Future
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Learning objects
Instructional design
Self-paced learning
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Content development
CBT (computer based learning)
Learner tracking
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Web learning applications
Learning activity design
Self-service guided learning and
collaborative, social learning
Content capture
ICT for learning
Formative assessment, learner
profiles, e-portfolios
IMS Global Learning Consortium
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Thesis 4
The future in learning will be characterized by:
• Open content
• Open technology
• Open knowledge
For all !!!
“By making the educational assets free, open and
accessible, the open education movement is beginning to
radically change the ecology and economics of education”.
(Toru Iiyoshi & M.S. Vijay Kumar, MIT)
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Open Content Initiatives
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MIT's Open CourseWare initiative (http://ocw.mit.edu)
Carnegie Mellon's Open Learning Initiative (http://www.cmu.edu/oli),
Rice University's Connexions project (http://cnx.org/) and the
UK Open University's OpenLearn endeavor (http://openlearn.open.ac.uk).
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MERLOT - Multimedia Educational Resources for Learning and Online Teaching
(http://www.merlot.org/)
Web-based materials offered freely and openly for use and reuse
in teaching, learning and research including any tool, material or
technique used to support access to knowledge.
(OER Definition by UNESCO)
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Thesis 5
The Future of Learning is a global one.
Global expertise:
• Global markets for content, skills and competences
• Expertise can be exported anywhere wherever it is in demand
• Experts can be also recruited from anywhere
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Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
MITx’s prototype course, “Circuits and Electronics.”
has more than 120,000 enrollees.
New Business Models necessary !
ELIG (in its white paper 2011)
Open Education:
A wake up-call for the learning industry?
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Thesis 6
The Future of Learning will be characterized by:
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Mobile learning
Learning on the job
Embedded learning
Ubiquitous learning
Pervasive Learning
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Thesis 7
The Future of Learning is inseparable connected with ICT and
especially with Web 3.0 technologies.
From Web 2.0 to 3.0:
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from receiver to producer of information,
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from static to dynamic contents,
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from control of the few to the wisdom of the crowds.
Main characteristics of Web 3.0 are the use of:
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Cloud Computing and Cloud Environments
Semantic Technologies,
Social Web Services, and
3D Interactive Technologies
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Agenda of my Talk
• The New Challenges with Respect to Learning
• Theses about the Future of Learning
• The New Aspects in Engineering Education
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Definitions of Engineering
Engineering represents creative thought and skilled actions associated with the use
or adaption of natural materials and natural phenomena in the conceptualization,
planning, designing, and disposing of devices.
Harms/Baetz/Volti: Engineering in Time
Engineering is the discipline, art and profession of acquiring and applying scientific,
mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge to design and build
structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize a
solution to the needs of society.
Wikipedia
Short definition of engineering: exploiting basic principles of science
to develop useful tools and objects for the society.
Link between the Sciences and the Society
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New Engineering Disciplines
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Software Engineering
Information Engineering
Data Engineering
Requirements Engineering
Medical Engineering
Neuro Engineering
Gen Engineering
Social Requirement Engineering (!)
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Systems Engineering as integrating discipline !
New tasks within traditional engineering:
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Online Engineering
Remote Engineering
Virtual Engineering
Re-Engineering
Reverse Engineering
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Decreasing Innovation Cycles
How many years does it take to reach a market audience of 50 Million?
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Radio 38 years
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TV 13 years
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Internet 4 years
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iPod 3 years
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Facebook 2 years
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Tablet PC 1 year
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Exponential Times
From Carlos Delgado Kloos
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Greatest Engineering Achievements and
Challenges
Greatest Achievements in the last century
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Electrification
Automobile
Airplane
Water Supply
Electronics
Radio and Television
Agricultural Mechanization
Computers
Telephone
Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
Highways
Spacecraft
Internet
Imaging
Challenges for the 21st Century
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Prevent Nuclear Terror
Secure Cyberspace
Manage Nitrogen cycle
Access to Clean Water
Carbon Sequestration
Advanced Health Informatics
Better Medicines
Better Understanding of the Human Brain
Cheaper Solar Energy
Energy from Fusion
Restore and Improve Urban Infrastructure
and Transportation
12. Personalized Learning
2011 Study by the National Academy of Engineering (NAE)
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Technology Outlook
2012 Horizon Report
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New Aspects (1)
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Social Position of Learning
80% of all learning on the job
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New Aspects (2)
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Engineers’ Interaction with Others
60% interaction activities (meetings, supervision, writing reports etc)
40% technical engineering activity
Skill/Quality
Weighted average rating*
Ability to work in a team structure
4.60
Ability to verbally communicate with persons inside
and outside the organization
4.59
Ability to make decisions and solve problems
4.49
Ability to obtain and process information
4.46
Ability to plan, organize, and prioritize work
4.45
Ability to analyze quantitative data
4.23
Technical knowledge related to the job
4.23
Proficiency with computer software programs
4.04
Ability to create and/or edit written reports
3.65
Ability to sell or influence others
3.51
5-point scale, where 1=Not important; 2=Not very important; 3=Somewhat important; 4=Very important; and 5=Extremely important
Source: Job Outlook 2012, National Association of Colleges and Employers
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New Aspects (3)
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New Organizational Aspects in Engineering Education
Engineering issues become
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very complicated
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cross disciplinary
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internationalized in a global economy
Example:
Boeing Development
and Production Chain
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New Aspects (4)
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Improvement of the Agility of Engineering Education
Creation of virtual educational units
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New Pedagogic Questions
• What learning approaches have to be used to effectively
response to these changes?
• What are the pedagogies that provide the most effective learning
experiences for engineering students of the 21st Century?
• What learning skills in engineering education need to be
developed and how can engineering teachers succeed in guiding
their students to achieve them?
• What pedagogical approaches have been found to support the
different phases of the present life-long learning continuum, or is
there more research necessary?
• What are the approaches that enable competence in leadership
skills in a multi-cultural working environment, and what is the
best way for these competencies to be delivered?
• Ambient technology is becoming a reality. What does ambient
learning in Engineering Education look like? How can it be
designed, delivered and assessed?
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Thank you!
Michael E. Auer
Danilo Garbi Zutin
Villach, Austria
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