Name: ________________________ Date: ___________ Period:_________
Ecology
Chapters 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 30, and 31
(Ch. 19)
Multiple Choice:
1. The thinning of the ozone layer is caused by
A. CFCs
C. Oxygen
B. CO2
D. CO
2. Which of the following is not one of the 5 main levels of organization within
ecology?
A. biosphere
C. atom
B. ecosystem
D. community
3. Abiotic factors in an ecosystem can include
A. plants
C. sunlight
B. animals
D. macroinvertebrates
4. An animal could migrate to avoid
A. a hurricane
C. an extreme cold snap
B. cold temperatures in winter D. a volcanic eruption
5. A species’ fundamental niche
A. cannot be larger than its realized niche
B. changes in response to predators or competitors
C. can be larger or smaller than its realized niche
D. is always as large as or larger than its realized niche
Short Answer:
6. What are abiotic factors?
8. What is tolerance?
7. What are biotic factors?
9. What is acclimation?
10. Use the graph below to explain the temperature needed for the best
generation results for mesophile.
11. Can the mesophile generate at 60 degrees Celsius? Why or why not?
12. What are some examples of
resources that lions need?
13. What is a niche?
(Ch. 20)
Multiple choice:
14. A clumped distribution
A. occurs when individuals are evenly spaced
B. may occur when resources are concentrated
C. occurs only because of social interactions between individuals
D. occurs only among plants
15. Population growth is
A. a group of individuals of the same species living in the same place
B. the spatial distribution of organisms in a population
C. the change in the number of individuals in a population over time
D. the number of individuals in population that survive and reproduce
16. In the exponential model, the growth rate
A. is the same as the birth rate
B. is the change in population size after birth and death rates have been
accounted for
C. changes with population size
D. population growth continues indefinitely without limiting factors
17. Which of the following is NOT true of the carrying capacity in the logistic
model?
A. varies with population size
B. remains constant
C. represents the maximum sustainable population
D. is the population size at which the birth rate equals the death rate
Short Answer:
18. What is population size?
20. What is dispersion?
19. What is population density?
21. Which of the following shows
random dispersion, clumped dispersion,
and even dispersion?
1. ______________________________
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
22. What is an age structure?
23. What is growth rate?
24. Which country is showing
rapid growth?
25. What is exponential growth?
26. What is logistic growth?
27. What is carrying Capacity?
(Ch. 21)
Multiple Choice:
28. In which of the following interactions do both species benefit?
A. competition
C. mutualism
B. predation
D. commensalism
29. An example of a parasite is
A. deer
C. tick
B. lion
D. snake
30. Which of the following is true to of a mimic?
A. it is poisonous or distasteful
B. it is identical to a poisonous species
C. it closely resembles a poisonous species
D. None of these are true
31. Primary succession occurs
A. on bare rock
C. after a forest fire
B. in a disrupted habitat
D. only on dry land
Short Answer:
32. What is mutualism? Give an example…
33. What is commensalism? Give an example…
34. What is predation? Give an example…
35. What is mimicry? Give an example…
36. What is competition?
37. What is species diversity?
38. What is the difference between primary succession and secondary succession?
(Ch. 22)
Multiple Choice:
39. The major producers found in aquatic ecosystems are
A. photosynthetic Protists
B. chemosynthetic bacteria
C. aquatic plants
D. None of these
40. Decomposers benefit an ecosystem by
A. manufacturing energy
B. returning nutrients to the soil
C. controlling the population
D. removing toxic substances
41. The combustion of fossil fuels has increased atmospheric levels of
A. ammonia
C. CFCs
B. nitrogen
D. carbon dioxide
42. Which of the following is NOT true of tropical rain forests?
A. they are found near the equator
B. they have the highest species richness of any biome
C. they show wide seasonal changes in temperature
D. they are rapidly disappearing
43. Eutrophic lakes are
A. clear
C. swift
B. murky
D. small
Short Answer:
44. Fill in the trophic levels in the ecological pyramid below: (tertiary consumers,
primary consumers, primary producers, secondary consumers)
45. What are decomposers? Give two examples…
46. What are biogeochemical cycles? Name the four cycles?
47. What is a biome? Give 3 examples…
48. What is eutrophication?
(Ch. 23)
Multiple Choice:
49. Ozone protects organisms from
A. meteor impacts
B. harmful radiation
C. salt depletion
D. cold temperatures
50. Which of the following is not a use for CFCs?
A. fuel
C. propellant in aerosol cans
B. coolant in refrigerators
D. cleaning electronics
51. Which of the following is NOT true of biodiversity?
A. it is decreasing
B. it consists mostly of mammals and reptiles
C. it has declined sharply at least five times in the past
D. it is higher in tropical rain forests than in any other biome
52. Benefits from biodiversity include
A. medicines
C. water purification
B. useful products
D. all of these
Short Answer:
53. What are chlorofluorocarbons?
54. What is the greenhouse effect?
55. What is biodiversity?
56. How can we measure the Earth’s
biodiversity?
57. Why is biodiversity important?
58. What is conservation biology?
(Ch. 30)
Multiple Choice:
59. The phylum Bryophyta includes
A. mosses and club mosses
B. hornworts and liverworts
C. liverworts and cycads
D. conifers and ginkgoes
60. Mosses help start new biological communities by
A. detecting air pollution
B. forming new soil
C. producing spores
D. slowing decomposition
61. Gymnosperms include all of the following except
A. cycads
C. ginkgoes
B. gnetophytes
D. horsetails
62. The great success of angiosperms is due in part to
A. a highly efficient vascular system
B. seeds protected by fruits
C. animal dispersion of pollen, fruits, and seeds
D. all of the above
Short Answer:
63. What are 3 plant adaptions that
give plants an advantage to live on
land?
65. What is the alternation of
generations?
64. According to figure 30-2 of the
phylogenetic tree, which plant has the
closest relationship to the algal
ancestors?
66. Name three types of bryophytes
and are they vascular or nonvascular?
67. What type of plants can be found in 68. What type of plants can be found in
Phylum Lycophyta?
Phylum Pterophyta?
69. What are gymnosperms?
70. What are angiosperms?
71. Explain the difference between a
monocot and a dicot.
72. Is this an angiosperm or
gymnosperm?
(Ch. 31)
Multiple Choice:
73. Nonfunctional xylem in the center of a tree trunk is
A. summerwood
C. heartwood
B. sapwood
D. springwood
74. Water moves between tracheids through
A. end walls
C. vessel elements
B. stomata
D. pits
75. Stomata open and close due to water pressure changes in the
A. guard cells
C. root hairs
B. sieve tube member
D. cortex
76. A waterproof substance occurs in cell walls of
A. cortex
C. palisade mesophyll cells
B. endodermal cells
D. vessel elements
77. The main site of photosynthesis in cacti is the
A. root
C. leaf
B. flower
D. stem
Short Answer:
78. Explain the differences between parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma
cells.
79. What are the three tissue systems?
80. Explain the function of xylem and phloem tissues.
81. What are the three types of roots?
82. What is the function of a stem on a plant?
83. Explain the differences between heartwood, sapwood, and summerwood.
84. What is the function of leaves on plants?
85. How does gas exchange work in plants?