The Behavior of the Mean Multiplicity
Coefficients of ASEC
Neutron Monitors During Thunderstorm
Activity
Armen Hovhannisyan
Aragats Neutron Monitor
3 Dead Times of Neutron Monitor
Mean Multiplicity Coefficient
M
m
 mN
m 1
M
N
m 1
m
m
i
0.4
i
1250
N
m 
N
i
i  1,3
m  1.207 ± 0.004
Nucleon double counting effect
Correlation Matrix of ArNM – Dead
Time 1250mcs
Det
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
*
14
2
-1
-4
5
0
-5
-4
-1
-3
2
4
2
1
3
3
-4
2
14
*
12
3
2
-1
0
-1
-4
-4
-4
-1
4
0
-1
1
2
4
3
2
12
*
10
5
-3
0
5
1
-1
-1
0
-2
1
-6
-2
-2
2
4
-1
3
10
*
10
7
5
9
0
-1
-2
0
-2
2
-4
-1
0
-2
5
-4
2
5
10
*
16
3
0
3
-1
-5
-1
1
-2
1
1
2
4
6
5
-1
-3
7
16
*
6
-1
1
-3
-1
6
-1
1
4
-1
0
2
7
0
0
0
5
3
6
*
15
10
1
3
-3
3
-5
2
-1
1
4
8
-5
-1
5
9
0
-1
15
*
19
6
1
1
-2
1
1
-1
-1
4
9
-4
-4
1
0
3
1
10
19
*
11
7
3
-1
-7
0
1
2
0
10
-1
-4
-1
-1
-1
-3
1
6
11
*
11
1
3
1
1
-2
2
0
11
-3
-4
-1
-2
-5
-1
3
1
7
11
*
15
3
-4
0
-1
0
0
12
2
-1
0
0
-1
6
-3
1
3
1
15
*
5
3
4
-2
0
-1
13
4
4
-2
-2
1
-1
3
-2
-1
3
3
5
*
12
8
1
6
1
14
2
0
1
2
-2
1
-5
1
-7
1
-4
3
12
*
12
5
3
-6
15
1
-1
-6
-4
1
4
2
1
0
1
0
4
8
12
*
11
3
1
16
3
1
-2
-1
1
-1
-1
-1
1
-2
-1
-2
1
5
11
*
19
7
17
3
2
-2
0
2
0
1
-1
2
2
0
0
6
3
3
19
*
16
18
-4
4
2
-2
4
2
4
4
0
0
0
-1
1
-6
1
7
16
*
Estimated Mean Multiplicities
i
N 0i .4  N double
m 
; i  1,2,3
i
N1250
i
Section1
Section2
Section3
NM median
ANM
1.43±0.008
1.425±0.008
1.42±0.009
1.425
NANM
1.44±0.013
1.43±0.012
1.42±0.012
1.43
The dependence of mean multiplicity on the cutoff
rigidity (measurements by ship borne 3NM-64 of IQSY
type in December 1966 – April 1967, Kodama & Ishida,
1967). By open circles are denoted mean multiplicities
of the ArNM and NANM
Mean Multiplicity and EAS

N  T * S *  * ( A  E  dE )
E0
E0  3 *10 Gev
6
Average number of > 4σ spikes: 4±2
Expected Number of > 4σ spikes according to gaussian(
2
/ ndf  1.26
) distribution: 0.1
A.Chilingarian G. Hovsepyan, E. Mamidjanyan, Study of Extensive Air Showers and
Primary Energy Spectra by MAKET-ANI Detector on Mountain Aragats, Astroparticle
Physics, 28 , pp 58-71, 2007.
Cross Sections of Photonuclear
Reactions with air
Cross Section of Photo Nuclear Reaction
of Photons with Nitrogen(continuous
line) and Carbon(dotted line) Nucleus
Cross Section of Photo
Nuclear Reaction of
Photons
with
Oxygen Nuclei
Distribution of Mean Multiplicities of ARNM During
Thunderstorm Activity
Multiplicity, m
Nucleon Energy (Gev)
NM64
1
2
3
4
5
6
0.07
0.12
0.18
0.25
0.4
0.64
C.J. Hatton, The Neutron Monitor, in J., G. Wilson and S.A. Wouthuysen (eds.), Progress in
Elementary Particle and Cosmic-ray Physics, vol. 10, chapter 1, North Holland Publishing Co.,
Amsterdam, 1971
Conclusions
The notion of the multiplicity, introduced several decades
ago, despite its elegance did not become yet a basis of the
physical analysis of any importance in the cosmic ray
physics and space weather research. Here we introduce
method of calculation of the mean multiplicity and
demonstrate its relation to the high energy primary cosmic
ray physics and to new observed high energy phenomena in
the thunderstorm atmospheres. We demonstrate the
“bursts” in the mean multiplicity time series measured by
Aragats Neutron Monitor are connected with the incident
Extensive Air Shower initiated by the primary particles with
energies greater than 1 PeV and by the low energy neutron
photo production by the gamma rays from the RREA
process.