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Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
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Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
General Chemistry
Principles and Modern Applications
Petrucci • Harwood • Herring
8th Edition
Chapter 3: Chemical Compounds
Philip Dutton
University of Windsor, Canada
N9B 3P4
Prentice-Hall © 2002
(modified 2003 by Dr. Paul Root and 2005 by Dr. David Tramontozzi)
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Naming Compounds
Trivial names are used for common compounds.
H2O (water), NH3 (ammonia)
A systematic method of naming compounds is
known as a system of nomenclature.
Organic compounds
Inorganic compounds
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Inorganic Nomenclature
Binary Compounds of Metals and Nonmetals
NaCl
electrically neutral
=
sodium chloride
___
name is unchanged
MgI2 = magnesium iodide
Al2O3 = aluminum oxide
Na2S = sodium sulfide
“ide” ending
When writing formulas must make
sure that there are enough ions to
cancel the charges (remember OS):
Barium oxide BaS (Ba2+ / S2-)
Calcium fluoride CaF2 (Ca2+ / F-)
Iron(III)sulfide Fe2S3 (Fe3+ / S2-)
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Binary Compounds of Two Non-metals
Molecular compounds
usually write the positive OS element first.
HCl hydrogen chloride
Some pairs form more than one compound
mono 1
penta
5
di
2
hexa
6
tri
3
hepta
7
tetra
4
octa
8
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Notice how the
prefix mono
never precedes
the first element.
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Binary Acids
Acids produce H+ when dissolved in water.
They are compounds that ionize in water.
Emphasize the fact that a molecule is an acid by altering the name.
HCl
hydrogen chloride
hydrochloric acid
HF
hydrogen fluoride
hydrofluoric acid
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic ions are very common.
Table 3.3 gives a list of some of them. Here are a few:
ammonium ion
NH4+
acetate ion
C2H3O2-
carbonate ion
CO32-
hydrogen carbonate
HCO3-
hypochlorite
ClO-
phosphate
PO43-
chlorite
ClO2-
hydrogen phosphate
HPO42-
chlorate
ClO3-
sulfate
SO42-
perchlorate
ClO4-
hydrogensulfate
HSO4-
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Naming Organic Compounds
Organic compounds abound in nature
Fats, carbohydrates and proteins are foods.
Propane, gasoline, kerosene, oil.
Drugs and plastics.
Carbon atoms form chains and rings and act as
the framework of molecules.
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Just an introduction to
organic nomenclature.
Dr. Green will reemphasize these rules
when you take 59-230
next year.
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Visualizations of some hydrocarbons
-ane ending
denotes that these
compounds
belong to the
alkane family.
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Visualizations
of
some
hydrocarbons
Visualizations of some hydrocarbons
-ene ending
denotes that these
compounds
belong to the
alkene family.
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Isomers
Isomers have the same molecular formula but have different
arrangements of atoms in space.
(c)
H
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Functional Groups – carboxylic acid
-oic acid ending
denotes that these
compounds
belong to the
carboxylic acid
family.
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Functional Groups - alcohol
-ol ending denotes
that these
compounds
belong to the
alcohol family.
The numbers in
the name identify
the position of the
alcohol groups.
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002
Chapter 3 Questions
3, 5, 8, 12, 16,
17, 23, 24, 35,
42, 46, 53, 57,
61, 73, 95, 97
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Dutton
Prentice-Hall © 2002