ACTA
BOTANICA
Influence
the
of
Uptake
light
and
in
5
NEERLANDICA, Vol.
and
1956
sucrose
Transport
Vallisneria
(3),
of
on
Chloride
Leaves
BY
W.H.
Arisz
(.Botanical
Laboratory,
(ireceived
Introduction
The
and
for
the
long and
on
has been
free
the
light,
to
or
black
opaque
slotted
second 2.5
and the
checking
one
from
or
protection
from
is
The
present
is rather small.
be used in
can
solutions used
are
dioxide free air;
cm
paper
plates
or
from
on
a
placed
KC1
with
the
The
solution,
a
using fluids
compartments
the
local
passage
the
of the
contents
a
them
is
drying out,
of the
through
vaseline
up with
can
be covered with
plates.
perspex
boxes
the
quantity of carbon
Respiration produces also
photosynthesis.
The
from carbon dioxide and
all
in
method
agar
prevention
the other hand it
at
is
by
of the
be examined.
cannot
be
the accumulation
some
carbon
quantity of carbo-
in the boxes will be rather small
free
on
influence
parts
The
prevented by filling
perspex
two
placed in the adjoining
leaftissue
In
C.
uptake from agar
been used side by side for
of the
of the
25°
of 2.5
containing
can
part, is
always
to
used in boxes
mannitol and inositol,
transport
being mixed.
particles.
black
hydrates synthesized
no
solution
sugars,
the free
have
experiments with closed
dioxide which
had
and
advantage
partition
with carbon
dioxide
as
and the effective
compartments
In
An
the
aeration
transparent
zone
absorbing part in this
leaflengths,
solution
purposes.
the slots in the
mixed
The first
a
aerated with
amounted
divided into
were
with addition of other substances.
administration,
proper
the
or
they
being added to
leaflengths have been
of the perspex box between agar
compartment
required
which
uptake
on
of the
cm
cm
cm
chloride
absorbing
constantly being
temperature
immersed in
or
used
in the dark
kept
were
were
The
leaflengths.
called
light
system
possible.
as
other substance
some
with substances
together
4
the
strips
influence of which
two
or
dioxide.
perspex,
for
which is
leaflengths
between agar
if
sugar
examining the transport 5
partition
simple
as
influence of
of chloride ions parts of leaves 2.5
uptake
The solutions
not.
carbon
from
kept
from agar. The series
or
exposed
CaS0
the
ions. The
wide have been used in series of 8,
mm
the medium
of
July 17th, 1956)
in this
publication is
uptake and transport of chloride
study
to
4
from solution
For
Groningen)
method
and
experiments
In order
air
Sol
problem discussed
sucrose
were
H.H.
AND
especially
aerated with
if the
carbon
proved that they have
processes.
INFLUENCE
For the last few
ion
by
specially
It is
in
light
This may be attributed
amounted
to
4
of 2.5
pieces
5
or
composed
uptake
caused
the
by
Influence
The
the
and
sucrose
of chloride
addition of
considerably
Instead
uptake
in
their
and
In
KCL
given
the
on
to
light
uptake in 2.5
light
—
suer.
1/20
in
the
aerated
wound effect
per
8
in
strength.
depends
supply of carbouptake may be
experiments
1
M
of
from
has
agar
of
at
with
2.5
cm
Pretreatment
solution.
1/500
added
been
hours
chloride.
-)- CaS0 4
KC1
segments
24
leaf segments
the medium the
uptake
uptake
leaf
cm
great deal
a
The material of these
2 % fructose
M
Cl
/ig
835
exp.
to
M
24 hours’
molarity
The
KC1
-(- 0aSO 4
.
the
agar.
and
length
In all
0.4
cm
tables
width
25°C.
Exp.
Exp.
Exp.
Exp.
Exp.
1004
1006
1007
1086
835
99
78
110
153
36
1 /20 M
.
.
.
.
256
220
195
185
43
568
401
461
469
193
M
.
.
.
.
618
504
561
540
267
C0
1/20
suer.
showed
tion of
a
rather strong
The material
was
during
administration of
dioxide
a
was
led
We
for
placing purified
help
in
uptake
sucrose.
at
to
100
100
f.c.
f.c.
our
providing
and
a
sucrose
at
purified
our
a
By administra-
light for 24 hours.
stronger
causes
bicarbonate
indebtedness
the
white
has
the exposure air
During
of CO
100 fig.
±
256 fig.
to
through the solution. This
acknowledge
their
in the dark of
pretreated
the
disappearance
for
uptake
M it rises
1/10
sucrose
Exposure
*)
in
remain
2
light -f
and
are
different leaves
than 200 fig which
more
to
1).
the
on
dark
+
frame
the exposure and the
sucrose
(Table
per
dark
series
Eight
from 8
eliminate
to
in the dark varies
Uptake from 1/1000
light.
of sucrose
is
washed
The
pieces of one series are
they don’t overlap. Before the
TABLE
of sucrose
the
previous
well
were
water.
taken
order
from 0
amount
By
to
prepara-
everywhere
sharp knife into smaller
a
distilled
that
so
hours in
hydrates.
relates
The
that of
cutting.
it may
to
with
cut
in
leaf segments
increased
exposure
agar,
off that the width
pieces
pretreatment, particularly
Influence
great
Difco
was
with
the leaves
cut
were
put
frame
24
of light
uptake
Per series
on
for
purified
up
of these leaves.
parts
the
water
was
they
and
perspex
begins
distilled
I.
a
take
ofchloride somewhat.
uptake
corresponds
experiments
Next
cms
and from different
arranged in
entirely
identical leaf
from 8
cellar with
a
water
can
The agar used
light.
much
so
mms.
filled with
chloride
219
LEAVES
carbo-hydrates being present.
Before the
and from their sides
in
poor
agar raises the
to
tion of the leaf material
investigations.
tanks
concrete
the
experience that
our
VALLISNERIA
the purpose. 1)
for
purified
IN
SUCROSE
leaves
chloride in
of
AND
Vallisneria has been cultivated in
The
exchangers.
quantities
LIGHT
years
artificial
to
exposure
OF
to the
agar
disposal.
Difco
and
free
an
from
effect
increase of
Wester
pH
the solution.
Laboratories Detroit
to the
than
from carbon
It
(Mich),
Suikerraffinaderij
220
H.
W.
may be
the
is
If besides
yet.
has
mannitol and
(Table
the
is
added,
inositol
stimulate
the
uptake
as
sucrose
it
appears
that addition of
of
inositol
the
on
with
from
1/1000
0.04
M
99
inositol
„
„
„
„
„
„
0.09
99
the
of
light.
hours
24
sucrose on
with
the
24
Uptake
uptake
hours
of
0.02
M
M
KC1
4- CaSO,
In
light
the
M
-+*
the
M
1/1000
KG1
504
43
513
43
563
46
589
60
71
Pretreatment
light.
KC1
CaS0
+
24 hours
(Exp.
.
4
CaS0
245
4
308
sucrose
318
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
0.08
353
370
0.16
0.24
391
0.32
still
higher
cause
are
separated
M
sucrose
decrease. In
a
that
This
be
may
that
differently. They
One
sugar
have
not
is
on
the
are
it
To discover
is
the cells
uptake
sugars
150,
pretreated
set
at
in.
200
f.c.
in
be
may
the
course
uptake
no
more
expected.
fructose
and
sucrose
cells, where they
better than another. The
are
behave
converted.
differences, however,
sucrose
will
not
the
It
light
appears
Addition of
at
dark
1/10
300 f.c. in
a
for
for
sugar
and of
purpose
hours
24
hours
already
sucrose,
further
sucrose
In it
light
Vallisneria
and
at
150
the salt
material has
to
150,
(Table
4
light saturation
results
more
of the
started
identical,
on
uptake
f.c.
however,
uptake of
we
exposed
next
chloride
are
are
have any influence
24
that
M
light and
has been made.
if the influence of
white
1089).
as
protoplasts
the
that
is of
transport
glucose,
uptake with light saturation. For this
has
As
a
be-
the concentration of sucrose, from which
to
following experiment
notion, that
experiment
uptake
place.
light. At
decreases,
adjoining the medium greatly
not
whether the influences of
the
200 and 300
the
fully investigated.
further addition of
been
takes
symplasmatic
the
the
comprehensible
taken up into the
transported
been
same nature
from the
a
limit
a
favourable effect
It
a
case
sets
to
of chloride ions in
however,
plasmolysis
by plasmolysis,
into and the transport
possible.
uptake
concentration,
sugar
± 0.3
at
184
increase of the
an
in
900)
0.04
results in
dark
3
chloride in
of
from
uptake from 1/1000
addition
about 0.24 M
660
0.15
99
TABLE
Influence
and
light
to
the
0-06
99
»
in
2
chloride uptake
uptake
99
greater
1). Also
(Table
sucrose
In
hours
1947).
becomes
uptake of chloride
TABLE
24
in
carbo-hydrates
(Arisz
the
identical influence
an
SOL
2).
From Table 3
Influence
H.
part inhibited
most
sucrose
exposure
Fructose
dark
for
H.
way the formation of
presumed that in this
photosynthesis
AND
ARISZ
than
as
well
at
100 /ig Cl.
INFLUENCE
This indicates
OF
that
cannot
be based
stance
(cf.
LIGHT
AND
the influence of
the
on
and
exposure
primary formation of
TABLE
5 hours in
during 24
light
to
exposure
Pretreatment
221
VALLISNERIA LEAVES
addition of sugar
and
one
the
sub-
same
243).
p.
of
Influence
IN
SUCROSE
and
dark. Uptake
the
aerated
hours;
4
addition
sucrose
with
from
the
on
1/1000
a
carbondioxide
free
of
uptake
M KC1
air.
chloride.
CaS0 4
+
(Exp.
solution
1089)
186
dark +
232
sucrose
exposure
150
f.c
150
f.c. +
,,
„
264
200
f.c
200
f.c.
300
f.c
300
f.c.
384
sucrose
267
„
+
370
sucrose
257
„
+
„
II.
367
sucrose
Influence of exposure
In Table 5
of the
absorbing
absorbing
the free
Only
1087 is
zone
of the leaf
few
a
1
of the
In
If the
in the
586 /xg. It
more
63
is
to
and that
the
supply
In
146 /xg,
from
it
of ions
to
on
in
to
the
373
to
is
exposed
the free
part
1
and
part
absorbing
3
zone,
and
the accumulation in
the free
the
to
absorbing
light
that
as
raises
a
zone
same
a
in
effect.
stronger
absorbing part
the
a
stronger
free
in
part
increases
accumulation
part.
the
absorbing part
dark from
82
to
itself the accumulation increases
the
zone
results
absorbing
from 46
zone
part
the free
likewise
4)
zone
to
is restricted
being in the light
in
the
an
increase
Here therefore
280 /xg.
by
increase of
an
there is
slight uptake
chloride ion
concentration in
the
symplasm
result the accumulation in the free part in the
picture.
to
in
which is in the dark. This indicates that
exposure
light and in the dark
the
from 223
also accumulates
jug.
the free
pg,
part
absorbing part the stimulating
has
the free
absorbing
1014 series
475
that in the free
and 2
exposure of the
in
in
to
the free
symplasm and makes
absorbing
the
the accumulation
4)
408 /ng,
to
the free
to
sucrose
slight promotion of
a
uptake increases
case
accumulation in both zones; in the
of 142
in the dark.
fully. Experiment
more
(series
160
total
the
in this
1014 series
of the
(experiment
distinguished:
kept
or
addition of
exposure of the
in
the
while in the
117
this
have resulted in
So
the accumulation
Exposure
discussed
be
to
are
light
to
appears that exposure of the
experiment
increases
/xg.
sucrose
both
possible
178
only
be
increases from
part
exposure
the absorbing and the free part are
being added to both. On comparison with
interesting that
action of the
From this
will
absorbing part
absorbing
from
part
cases
exposed
experiment
same
leaf lengths
cm
series 3
sucrose
part in the dark appears
uptake.
part. Two
may be
experiments
remarkable.
gathered
in 5
zone
the influence of
on
the accumulation of chloride ions in the
on
and in the free leaf
zone
both in the dark,
series
light of the absorbing
to
data have been
with
sucrose
Experiments
increases.
1024 and
dark,
Experiment
1025 show
a
bad
and
in the
1026
gives
transport,
222
W.
with
(1025
56 46 78
Exp.
fructose
3
Exp.
0.002
110
41
1024
,
hours.
Exp.
69
51
—44
—
66 67
20 — 102 3 4—1 0
suer suer suer suer
+-j- +-j-
—
——————
(100) (192)(114) (232)
7
7
—
suer. suer. suer. suer.
35
—-3
++ ++
103 199 121 197
dark light dark light dark light
258)525) 334)547)
41
S
sucrose;
1014
M
Exp.
Pret ament 1/100
to
—————
51
24
M
light.
SOL
250 350 263 392 239 321
+
KC1
TABLE
H.
light lightlight lightlightlight
1/20 CaS0
5
H.
(294)(405)(314) (461)(290) (365)
44 55
Exp.
from
4
with
AND
(107) (266)(169) (444)
1025
S
M
1088
295
146 454 156— 589
solution.
light M
in
—— —
1026
KC1
the
ARISZ
(202)(500)(234)(884)
of
1026),Ad it on
and
H.
(199)(519) (188)(755)
82
with 1/20
— —
146
46
1087
280
117—373 142—475
(180)(384) (223)(586)(183)(366)
53
Exp.
Exp.
— — —
100
63
178
63
114
89
181
96 96
—
169—344 238— 451—
127—284 160—408 120—252
sucrose
agar
5A of
partfrom
TABLE
absorbingUptake
the
water.
suer suer suer suer
exposure
exposing others
of
— — —- —
dark light dark light
series
——————
Localisng
dark dark dark dark dark dark
dark dark lightlight
(1024),
Influence sucrose
+ ++ +
effect
i
2
3
4
suer. suer. suer. suer.
+-j- + +
dark light dark light dark light
1
2 34
5 6
light lightlight light
————
suer. suer.
++
dark light dark light
INFLUENCE
has
as
LIGHT
of the
absorbing
accumulation in
in
slight
all
as
the free
of the
these
that
it
is limited
zone
publication
the
the
in
(Arisz
1953,
decisive
influence
Influence
III A.
Two
in the
rule
causes
a
on
cases
slight
more
and
In
This
the
that
being in
the
stronger
the
Ill
So
light.
absorbing
B.
In
(Table 7).
the
Here
provided
free
zone
dark
a
and
at
the
does
there
again
not
to
case
time.
any
concentration
in
this
found,
exp.
of the
leaf
once
accumulation
in
that the influence of
that
exposure
1025 and
1014,
%
3
1026).
in distilled
was
50
to
1010 series
water.
formation of
carbo-hydrates was for
important observation which shows
an
proceeds
in
light
an
influence
the
spite of
of the free
and
a
the
on
absorbing
zone,
absorbing part already
zone
has
two
results:
accumulation
stronger
21).
the
If,
which may
zone,
the
so
8,
the spot
on
exposure
get
a
zone
sucrose
absorbing
of the free
part
zone
absorbing
has been administered
same
an
such
the free part.
increase has been
of
and
there
(Table
zone
case
aerated with carbon dioxide free air.
however,
to
the
the
is
in
left
results
and
as
in
the dark.
rule in
the free
absorbing
absorbing
a
and
zone
an
zone
to
the
is in the
the effect is variable (Table 7).
the
absorbing part increases, while
sucrose
rule the accumulation in the
chloride ion
free
an
accumulation in the
sucrose
in
absorbing part (Exp.
This is
exposure
second
7
exposure
accumulation
have
considerable increase up
a
part
was
the accumulation
increase of the
As
light it
during
that
never
is, however, remarkable,
1083 series
exposed free part
which increases
in
It
1112 the free
to
For in
could
in the free zone,
causes
greater part prevented.
that from the
a
exp.
exposure
means
the
presence
of the accumulation in the
experiment
During
the
less distinct.
6,
walls.
zone
times
(16
part sometimes
5 and
4,
In
previous
a
redistribution
on
be distinguished. In the first the absorbing
6). In this case exposure of the free part as
to
are
the
to
the free part of the leaf takes
to
increase in accumulation
an
exposure grows
or
the
it raises the accumula-
so
experiments
in the cell
light of
to
mostly fairly great
of the free
the dark
proof of the fact that in Vallisneria
a
absorbing
light (Table
decrease).
the dark is
and the
are
not
sometimes be considerable
a
in
mentioned in
with inhibitors
the accumulation
of exposure
part is
the
low level
a
by the supply of chlorides in
by doing
of chloride ions
of the
light
and
1956)
symplasm and
to
exposure
III.
transport
a
also
and in the free part.
absorbing
experiments
(1954, 1956) these experiments
leaves
is
factor,
free part.
uptake
on
on
of
stronger
absorbing part.
absorbing part increases the supply of ions
of the
the
as
keeps the transport
follows that
a
transport
different
a
the accumulation in the
symplasm of the absorbing part
Just
is
it
in
too
1088
experiment
again
Yet the effect
here
of the
symplasm
tion both in
leaves.
223
LEAVES
VALLISNERIA
noticeable
Here
experiments
accumulation in the free
Exposure
IN
Vallisneria
is
In
part.
symplasm
limits
result
a
From
place
SUCROSE
part
circumstances.
conductivity
the
AND
repeatedly been found in
exposure
and
OF
in
the
free
part
also
increases,
but
in
224
W.
;
4
CaS0
1112
+
Exp.
H.
ARISZ
H.
H.
SOL
(235)(288)(303)(349)(323)(419)(412)(562)
75 92
KC1
AND
— — —
1014
116 153 96 167 128 210
160— 196— 189—196 2 7— 252 284— 352
(519) (755)
—
146 280
Exp.
373— 475
M
1/100
1013
with
(455)(610)
89
Exp.
agar
1026
—
hours.
light.24
1083
Exp.
366— 401
Exp.
the
TABLE part
absorbing
the
— — — —
1025
66
131 117 135 107 135 110 128
209— 263 273— 316 228— 235 238— 341
(266) (444)
Exp.
—
110
20 — 334
sucrose,
in
6
being
295
454 589
(259)(394)(390)(451)(335) (370)(348) (469)
50
——
46
209
from
Uptake
(500) (884)
M
1010
— _—————
1024
138 185 135 238 138 160 281 241
1/20
of
(489) (561)(490) (746)(551) (657)(743)(752)
Exp.
351 376— 355 508 413 497 462 511
(192)(232)
7
Exp.
199
35
197—
ad iton
part,
free
the
of
light
suer suer
to
exposure
suer suer
— — — — — ■—
+-j-
+ -j-
dark light dark light dark light dark light
— —-
dark light
-— —
of
Influence
suer. suer. suer. suer.
++ ++
light lightlight lightlight lightlight light
light light
INFLUENCE
4
CaS0 (1014,
4
+
KC1
CaS0
1094
Exp.
LIGHT
OF
AND
(100)(228)(164) (312)
— —
18 75 25
82—
110
19H
IN
VALLISNERIA
225
LEAVES
14(1 39) (215).
S
99— 1 6—
139—202
153
SUCROSE
+
M
KC1
1/1000
71)
64—
from 1/100
103—10
with
S
(199) [188)
28
82 46
——
3
Exp.
from
56
(186) 1014
(
agar
3
67 63
52)
873
——
(
18H
21
S
dark.
(119)
(
7
M
Uptake
70)
(113)
L
49
Exp.
158
——
117 142
the
solution;
in
being 1026).
M
7
TABLE
part
1007
Exp.
0.002 1025,
S21
Exp.
19
S
to
1007),
and
exposure 1006
of
(107) (169)
———
128—
43 50 57
(1004,
Influence solution
Exp.
1025
3
Exp.
(246)[142)(206)(295) 1024
(100) (114)
— ——
121
3
50 71
135— 156 224
. . . .
- — —
139— 178— 150— 228 143— 188 153—249
7A
TABLE
Exp.
103 121
suer suer suer suer
. .
dark light
suer. suer.
+-j-
dark dark dark dark
Exp.
103 72 114 86 121
7
———— ——
dark light dark light
'264 207 331 215 302 239,370,
50 86 57
—
110 102
7
189
1118
67
206 263
125
18,
S
of
light
1004
Exp.
(192) [128)(256) (320)
85
and
——
56 78
146 156
64
part,
the
85
(202)(234)
199 220
71
1006
free
————
1026
14 35 64 85
absorbingfrom 1024,
the
(85) (120)(263) (305)
dark dark
++ +
————————
dark light dark light dark light dark light
suer. suer.
suer. suer.
++
+ -f
dark dark dark dark dark dark dark dark
226
W.
1004 series
exp.
has
only
been
In Table 7 A
and
aerated
2
and
stated
H.
the
carbon
the result
is
In
the
to
day light,
exposed free zone
in the dark. As
1953
greater
was
an
phenomenon
in distilled
was
part
air.
In
this
in the
Influence
light
the
1953)
and
on
material cultivated
that
absorbing part
of
exposing
TABLE
8
the
part
free
+ CaS04
M KC1
-f-
of
the
leaf
light.
to
CaS0
solution
in the
light
solution in the
light
4
832
75
fructose
in
150
dark
the
free part
+ fructose,
in
the
light -)- fructose
29— 133
Absorption by
a
2.5
cm
leaf
a
2.5
cm
leaf segment
in the
dark
in
light + 2 %
segment
+ 2 %
fructose
30
Absorption by
the
fructose
5
leaf
cm
128
in
segment; absorbing part
the
dark
2 %
+
fructose
free
5
leaf
cm
part
dark
in
segment; absorbing part
free
case
uptake in
down in
in
the
transport
the
favour
the
dark
2
+
through
of
a
5
cm
it increases
leaflength
in
the medium,
(7
jug). If, however,
light,
find
we
in the
absorbing
the free
This is
a
zone
are
there is
the free
total
and
caused
fairly equal
to
is
this.
%
any
part
of
uptake of 122
57
a
fig
rise
the
equally great
in
uptake
as
of
a
5
fig,
is
held
carbo-hydrates
absorbing
uptake in
30
fig,
and the free
dark, fructose being present
cm
leaflength
apportioned
zone.
In this
total increase
of a 2.5
(122)
of fructose is
cm
the
is
free
zone
exposed
to
between 65
case
to
leaflength exposed
zone
on
fig
exposure
from 24
of the free
exposure
the effect of an
exposure
an
57
part
Table 8B the
accumulation in
the free
in the
absorbing
presence
both in the
—
that with the restricted
Scarcity
In
128 jug. If the
to
hardly
Here therefore the effect of
uptake
promote
so
the
free part.
leafsegment in the
cm
exposure
a
may
the
in
24)
fructose
symplasm
the accumulation
zone
2.5
light + 2 %
is fast in the
(
fructose
2 %
65
in the
of that in
absorbing
the dark of
zone
dark,
part
7
17—
in the
fructose
in this
(162)
821
Exp.
B.
the
kept
was
Table 8 (cf. Arisz 1947 Table 7
we give
11A). This may be explained by assuming that
M KC1
Absorbing part
free
exposed
zone.
than in the
/500
+ 2 %
1
the
absorbing
found that the accumulation in
Uptake from 1/500
Uptake from
the
for
was
Exp.
A.
water
experiment
example
and
figs. 8A
This
substance formed in
absorbing
repeatedly
we
free
free
carbo-hydrates
specific
a
SOL
decreases.
it
exposed
dioxide
previous experiments (1947,1948
in the
and
of
transported
2
H.
The increased accumulation in the
greater part prevented.
zone
H.
times.
few
influence of the formation of
part and
AND
1006 series
a
(exp. 1118)
with
ARISZ
on
the
122
to
of
fig.
light.
the total
uptake
of
INFLUENCE
a
segment of 2.5
of the
IV.
free
LIGHT
has been
have
now
experiments
zone, while
the
occurs
the
latter
crease.
the free
case
in
the free
in
in
part
most
the total
cases
but less
tion in
so
than ifthe
the
absorbing
1010 and
the accumulation in the free
part,
26
a
experiments
found; in the other
times
however,
was
decrease of accumulation in the free
exercised
competition
absorbing part.
the
for
vacuoles,
of chloride
to
V.
the
fewer
Table 11
the
of
of addition of
Influence
gives
absorbing
sucrose
is
a
in this
vary
must
times
chloride
absorbing
concerning
This
In
tendency
to
the
case.
increase
an
be due
adjoining
the
was
to
a
the increased
vacuoles
in
the
symplasm into
ions remain available
the total
sucrose
a
uptake
competition
absorbing and that in the free part,
to
the
free part
administering
being exposed
rule
de-
the dark.
sucrose
the results of
zone
as
in
the
results
ions from the medium is increased there is
uptake is restricted
a
The accumula-
light.
to
The
Though by the
between the accumulation in the
since
cases
there is
uptake of Cl increases,
change.
no
part
plasm
which
the free part.
in other
S 41
It accumulates chloride ions from the
owing
to
transport
the
by
exposed
increases.
decrease, eight
there
cases
in
or
there is
zone;
sucrose to
The total
is
zone
part always
eleven
light
uptake increases considerably.
(Table 10).
absorbing
absorbing
in the
17 exp., but
IV B. Remarkable is the influence of adding
part, while it is in the dark
is
zone
the
10 of the
continues unaltered. In exp.
In
the absorb-
exposure may
The result is clear. There
always
not.
or
increase of accumulation
an
increase
an
to
prevailing
effect.
being present
sucrose
in which the influence of
the
moreover
Table 9 contains data in the
the dark,
absorbing part in the light
This may be administered
investigated.
on
the
to
sucrose
influence of exposure
an
medium.
uptake from the
discuss
227
LEAVES
VALLISNERIA
the
influence
an
IN
length. This also shows
the free
to
or
SUCROSE
on
Influence of addition of
sucrose
AND
cm
zone
IV A. We shall
ing
OF
to
small and
the
to
sucrose
the free
part,
light. The promoting influence
local,
but in
some
there is
cases
an
increased accumulation in the
absorbing part too. In experiment 1083
absorbing zone decreases in 2 cases, in two
the accumulation in the
others it increases.
The total
uptake
The differences
remains
are
not
equal
in this
great
in many cases,
experiment.
but it may sometimes
increase.
Table 12 contains the results
administering
in
sucrose
the dark. It is
a
to
of 23 observations
the free
striking
leaf
the
zone,
fact that in eleven
(accumulation in absorbing
and free
whereas in three it remains
fairly equal and in
Especially
sucrose,
part,
if the
the
absorbing
phenomenon
zone
occurs
is
cases
parts together)
in
that
the influence of
zone
the total
decreases
being
uptake
strongly
nine increases
the dark without
on
the chloride accumulation in the
on
absorbing
sucrose
a
addition
slightly.
supply of
to
the
free
absorbing part diminishes in
228
W.
H.
,
4
CaS0
1112
+
Exp.
KC1
96
116 128
1007),
M
0,01
0.01
SOL
—
11
131— 258 1 6— 180
KC1
M
H.
S8L
+
196— 252 196—352 160—2 7— 189—284
H.
17(148(269)) 17(13 3() 177)
from
0aSO
— — —
153 210 75
167
AND
4
(288)(419) (349)(562) (235)(323) (305) (412)
92
ARISZ
1006,
1118
Exp.
(215)(239)
—
72 86
(107)99) 71)125)
with
41
agar hours.
344— 451—
from 24
Uptake sucrose,
light.
in
1083
M
0.05
the
181 96
S
Exp.
—
1087
44 69
Exp.
321
(366)586)
—
Exp.
392—
1094
from
—— ——
131 135
135 128 50 117 107 110
263— 316—
209— 273 228 238—
235 341
dark.
ad iton
part
free
the
1010
— — — —
185 160
solution;
Exp.
376— 497
238
—241
138 138 135 281
508 511 351
—
413— 355 462
879
Exp.
+
hours.
KC1
9;
TABLE
being from
part
free
and
part,
absorbing
0.002
from
the
to
1013
a
Exp.
—209
— —
366
879),
solution
the 878,
401 586
—259
absorbing
486
the
401 586
41
1006
Exp.
—102
Exp.
80— 185— 102—
186
(302) (370)(189) (207)
57
114 12150
103
178—2 8—
18 —249— 139— 150—
(228)(312)
(100)(164)
75
—
18
110
82— 139—
153—202
(120)(305)
(111)
35 85
104
85—
— —
7
220
(128)(320)
5 (298)
213—
(255)(340)
—
—
43 57
85—
25
99 99
156—241
263
S
part,874,
(610)(952) (660)(1072)
87 45 68
8
M
M
Exp.
53— 76— 30— 91—
878
S
0.001
1007
(
84 53 37 64
(167)(231)(170) (288)
24
M
in
(561)(657) (746)(752)(489)(551) (490)(743)
Exp.
(137) (129) 67)(155)
0aSO
10
being
solution
the
of
50 14 64 50
57— 85 7— 75—
4
Uptake
(394)(451) (370)(469)(259)(390)(335)(348)
S9H
—
agar
252— 408
9
TABLE
with
114 178
(1004,
(148) (243) 88)
874
Exp.
873
— — 151—
60 46 53
88—
0.002
(873,
197
Exp.
98
Exp.
25(186)
1087
(142)(295)
7
—
(183)(223)
—
99
7—106
135— 224
248
1088
63 63
(290) (314)
——
51 51
Exp.
221 53
(113)(347)
71
— — 158— — —
46 21 67
to +
1004
35
(144) (242)(120)
4
CaS0
27(172)
(
—
1088
86
143— 153
(
(
1
(525) (547) (365) (461)
(264)(331)
Exp.
120 160
239 263
S
ad iton
. .
suer. suer.
. . suer. suer.
++
sucrose
of
Influence
ad iton
KC1
M
++
-— — ■— — — — — —
light light lightlight dark dark dark dark
suer.
suer.
suer.
suer.
+
+
-f-
+
light light light lightlightlight light light
sucrose 0.002
of
1088),
Influence (1087,
. . suer. suer..
suer. suer.
+-j-
+-j-
lightlight lightlight
dark dark
. .
suer. suer.
. .
+ +
— — — — — — -— — -— — —
lightlight
lightlight dark dark
—
suer.
suer.
suer.
suer.
suer.
suer.
-|-
+
+
+
-j-
-)-
dark dark dark dark
dark dark
dark dark
dark dark dark dark
INFLUENCE
OF
LIGHT
AND
SUCROSE
IN
VALLISNERIA
229
LEAVES
(120)(111)(305) (298)
874, S9
1007
35
8,
4
CaS0
(873,
(288)(349)(235)(305)419) (562) (323)(412)
1112
+
92
KC1
Exp.
M
7,
4
— ——— —
153 75 116 167 210
96
Exp.
S
CaS0
128
+
196— 196 160— 189 252 352 227— 284
1007);
1006
1006,
Exp.
M
1087
1088
55 69
agar
0.002(1004,
—
with
350— 392— 284— 408
from
agar
1004
solution
Exp.
4
Uptake
1083
M.
TABLE
Exp.
0.05
in
11
sucrose
1010
part
Exp.
(561) 746)(489) (490)(657) (752) (551)(743)
———
—241
138 281
35 — 497— 511 413— 462
(610)(660)
——
366 486
—209 —259
ad iton
sugar
of
Influence
+
—— — — — —
suer
+
suer lightlight
+
lightlight dark dark suer. suer.
+-j-
4
.
71
7—105
135— 224— 248
(137) (129) (155)
the
0.01
to
(107)
878
Exp.
874
30- 76
(
87 68 45
S9H
91
Exp.
(125)
—
102
S7H
(
50
14 50
57
85
50) 93)
(
(
(
60
4
89
103—1 11—
46
4
(148)(133)
(269)
17 17
11
—— — —
——
3(183)
(
—46
21
—21
98 53 221
901
258— 180—
(162)(123) 1088 (294)(314)
(180)(223)
1087
— 6 —57 — — — —
36
28
158—
—
131 116
197 151
(144) (120)(242) (186)
——
S8L
Exp.
75—
71)
(214)
88)
(148) 243) (172)
88 35
873
99)
(
80— 102— 186—
186
60 53
Exp.
71)
— — — — — 7-64 —
(
46 67
M
—
99
44 51
Exp.
126
53 63
Exp.
250 263
127 160
+
—
dark dark
—
7
(167) 170)(231) (288)
+
KC1
(142)(113) (295)(347)
53
CaS0
free
.
from 0.002
(1087,
part,
suer.
solution.
1088),from
part
to
suer..
Exp.
in
TABLE being
156 263 241
84 37 53 64
0.001 M
the
the
586 586
401 401
M
dark.
absorbing
(952)(1072)
1013
Exp.
—
(
376 508 351
24
part,
the
263— 235 209— 228 316— 341 273— 238
185 238 138 135 160
hours,
the
free
UptakeKC1
117 110
————
67)
879
+
12
being
absorbing
— — — —
131 135 50 107 135 128
light.
the
from CaS0
(394)(370)(259)(335) (451)(469) (390)(348)
213—
(127)(255) (320)(340)
85
100 178
Exp.
Exp.
220
42 99 57 99
KC1
(405) (461) (384)(586)
—
7—104
S
0.01
with
85—
85 85
suer. suer.
++
lightlight lightlight lightlight lightlight
ad iton
with
agar
sugar
from
of
879),
Influence 878,
. suer. . suer.
-)-
+
. suer.
+
. suer.
+
. suer.
+
———— — —— ——
light lightlight light
light
lightlight
dark dark
suer. suer.
suer. suer.
suer. suer.
++
-f- +
+-j-
dark dark
dark dark
dark dark dark dark
—light
dark dark
230
9 of the 11
it
H.
W.
either
If
has been
there
is
administered
in
3
zone
in
increase,
an
accumulated in the
only
H.
SOL
two
the
to
two
absorbing
in 6
occurs
cases
part
in
decrease
a
of 12, in four
out
The
change.
no
together increases
zones
This indicates
cases.
variable,
decreases.
or
of the accumulation in that
cases
H.
AND
The accumulation in the free part is rather
cases.
increases
sucrose
ARISZ
total
8
quantity
and decreases
that administration of
the
to
sucrose
absorbing part diminishes the long distance effect of the sugar addition
to
the
free
This
the
part.
free
Mrs.
and has
in
influence of the
been
variable
as
dependent
cause.
Miss
the
the
by
appeared
the nutritional
on
Sghreuder
and
Table 13
contains
being
in
the
light.
from
Uptake
added
0.002
agar
KC1
M
dark
dark
dark
dark
dark
dark
dark
—
—
the
0.002
—
—
—
—
—
—
M
suer
M
suer
light +
0.040
M
suer
light +
0.060
M
suer
light + 0.020
light +
0.090
M
suer
light +
0.100
M
suer
light +
0.150
M
suer
in which
the influence
117
88
—
—
—
46
—
—
zone
the free
direction,
free
M
S
part,
KC1
+
the
absorbing part
CaS0
4
from
(899)
(S 15).
15L
3
(106)
39
156)
17
(105)
17
(
91)
3
(
49)
increasing
899
Exp.
72
31
—
38
(110)
—
24
( 69)
( 48)
—
17
37—21
(
52)
26
(
71)
—
45
sucrose
sucrose
solution
concentra-
the accumulation in the
part,
1955;
osmotic
an
this
so
greatly
absorbing
decreases.
In Table 14
to
to
has
in
concentration of the
has been examined. It appears that with
tion administered
not
are
45
74
of the
is
appeared (Arisz
+ CaS0 4 solution
103
0.005
light +
The
S).
It
13
to
with
light
this
experiments
which
pointing
Exp.
dark
the
phenomenon
experiments
concentration
sucrose
has
about
eliminate the
to
marked
(exp.
Vallisneria,
this
TABLE
of
Influence
order
determinations,
of
that
two
to
quite
was
observations
In
author
condition. It
1956)
addition
sucrose
good reproducibility.
a
reactions
other
some
made
1955.
junior
have
to
of
absorbing part
carefully investigated.
who makes the
person
the
Schreuder
1953 and
years
repeated
phenomenon
Arisz
therefore been
Knobbe and
phenomenon
long distance effect
a
the accumulation in
on
part
unexpected
have
of
phenomenon
the
administered
according
as
to
the
part increases
absorbing
absorbing
in
sucrose
absorbing
and
part,
the
free
sucrose
the
to
than without
increasing concentration has been added
same
part
sucrose
in
all
concentration 0.1
experiments.
concentration administered
too.
the free part
the leaf the
sucrose
zone
is
of
again
At 0.1
to
M
being
appears
the
that
absorbing
to
the
accumulation in
the
normal and
being administered. Then
It
M added both
uptake increases
and in the free
accumulation.
an
the
even
sucrose
a
little
higher
again promotes
OF
INFLUENCE
It
SUCROSE
be understood that if
may
administered
chloride
AND
LIGHT
if it
or
in
ions
has been
the
to
value of these cells increases.
the
of
osmotic
the
increasing
effect of
a
sucrose
with
—
—
+ CaS04 solution
the
dark
+
0.02 M
suer.
—
dark
-j-
0.06 M
suer.
—
dark
+
0.10
M suer.
dark
i
dark
dark
+
0.02 M
dark
+
0.05 M suer.
dark
-j-
0.10 M
sucrose
suer.
does
not
take
VI.
Influence
the
do with
In the
—
95
—
—
light
—
light + 0.05
—
light +
light -j-
53
0.05 M
sucrose
M
sucrose
0.05 M
has
167
present itself.
not,
as
(Table
as
on
was
0.1
M
on
the
sugar
of this
the
took
place in
the
the
on
by
the tissue
does
the
in
has
a
sucrose
strength of
our
bringing
and
the
the withthis
prevent
influence.
great
on
uptake and transport
the
chloride
the
influence
two
M
experiments
at
in
the
dark
50
made in
of
sucrose
have been
The
with addition
and
2
different
and
which
in the absence of C0
of 0.1
has
uptake
light during pretreatment.
dark,
150 f.c.
been
and
not
carbo-hydrates.
sucrose
.
dark
determinations have
a
plasmolysis
as
following uptake of chloride. Aeration
carbon dioxide free air
of
to
In
2
determined in
to
but
following uptake. So this effect has nothing
on
rise
place
light of
in the absence of C0
administered
before
intensity with addition
uptake
(276)
during
pre-exposure
on influence of
sucrose
in
74
during pretreatment
already
was
of the
the influence of
sucrose,
67
investigated
next
photo-synthesis
pretreatment
(184)
(234)
then demonstrated that exposure
with
pretreatment
took
(106)
67
inhibitory,
long
during pretreatment into our investigation.
Table 15 gives the result of three experiments
made
(128)
53
3).
pre-exposure
gave
an
—
32
ions
1028). It
This
Sucrose
have seen,
we
—
—
202
sucrose
—
—
117
uptake of chloride ions,
the
a
52 (147)
M sucrose
cannot
part
zone
91)
96
light + 0.05
chloride
the influence of
97)
52
sucrose
experiments
appeared.
(
sucrose
M
on
intensity
45
M
favourable influence
The
90)
0.1
drawal of carbon dioxide formed
to
(
sucrose
pretreatment increases the
during
52
M
of exposure and addition of
p.
—
0.1
influence of
(Arisz 1947,
41)
38
light +
place
uptake of
The
(
0.1
leaf
promoting effect
(
17
on
from
S 45
Exp.
3
sucrose
light +
in the free
absorbing
an
absorbing part
24
M
light +
—
of the
free part. Uptake
—
+ 0.1
—
—
suer.
action
S23H
88—
light
light
the osmotic
and
the
to
M
contact
Exp.
dark
is
sucrose
14
in
KC1
itself
the osmotic
solution
0.002
dark
part
light,
case
231
LEAVES
the accumulation of
promoted
administered
cone,
sucrose
is
that
TABLE
Influence
absorbing
zone
In
VALLISNERIA
in the
placed
absorbing
the
IN
sucrose.
In
1100 and
in
1091
50 and 150 f.c.
1102 the
the absence
duplicate.
of
light
experiment
light intensities,
f.c.
in
uptake
of C0
2
.
was
All
232
W.
The
in the
uptake
light
medium free from
C0
and this
sucrose
AND
of
uptake
50
of
and
Vallisneria
chloride by
150
f.c.
in
free
C0 2
with
uptake
50
f.c.
hours
M
150 f.c.
light
of the
Cl
uptake fig
150
COj
M
sucrose
during
able effect.
if the
At
the
same
Cl
light
in the
can
presence
the leaf
of
uptake
light
is
made
(Table
was
1100
of C0
2,
451
444
220
138
380
540
444
525
we
vaseline
and
cannot
1100
so
however,
small
H02 it
and
sucrose
and
from
a
It is clear
and the
be
left
out
compartment
The 5
cm
B
a
substance formed in
formed in the dark
what
it
absorbed
by
undergoes
in
‘light substance’
preformed
a
is
sucrose
conversion
whether the
one
two
substance
purpose
half of the 5
formed
in the
experiments have been
in
leaflengths
cm
with
not
150
perspex
in the absence
f.c.
leaf,
so
have
might
have any C0
2
compartments
particles.
the
Besides
that
had
filling
there
some
be formed in this way
In
aerated
an
slight,
C0
2
quantity of
by photosynthesis
in
the
that this
1099
free
leaflengths remained entirely
as
done with
exceedingly
The
transported
experiment
with
in
disposal.
much
intercellular
big
are
its
as
being
up
influence.
so
at
avoided
was
respiration C0 2
possibility of its being
moreover
control
important
an
A,
curves
substance’.
know
of consideration.
was
in-
and C).
experiment, which fact has
the adjoining part that remains in the dark,
may
3
that the
quite excluded,
may
which
that the
substance
distinguish
we
follows
light is likewise noticeable
(cf. fig.
revert
but
distinctly favour-
in the dark. This is
place
will
1091 addition of
experiment
great, but yet
remaining in the dark. It is of course impossible
be
carbon
concentration
sugar,
In
a
exposed part did
canals with septa in the
low
not
during pretreatment
Communication of the
but
1102
401
16), in which
possible,
1100
1102
362
has
2
Exp.
181
to
the other half
C0
359
‘sucrose
ascertain that the
Cl
fig
—
75
sucrose.
exposed
uptake
50 f.c.
117
transported in the leaf. For this
boxes
Cl
/ig
dark
by further experiments, that
interesting
was
dark
71
during pretreatment,
preformed
a
It
the
117
the leaf is unknown. So
and
in
1102 uptake
medium.
366
distinguished
be
the
on
during uptake
Exp.
time it appears from this
been corroborated
pretreatment
280
experiments
which
to
intensity
174
of chloride takes
uptake
observation,
the
than
309
fluence of the pretreatment with
is
and
free
Exp.
pre-exposure
From
on
exposure
f.c.—COj
1091
C0
uptake
2
light during the pretreatment.
sucrose
to
C0
1091
sucrose
-—
in
1091
1100
exp.
the
during
exp.
2
light+0.1
the
In
50 f.c.
dependent
in
sucrose
in
15
In
leaves.
to
fig
—
is
during the
without
Pre-exposure
sucrose
Exp.
dark
dark+0.1
of
medium.
exposure
pretreatment
20
and
is increased
stronger increase
a
light influence
light
to
exposure
SOL
150 f.c.
TABLE
Influence
H.
H.
and
sucrose.
causes
2
additionof
50
at
addition of
pretreatment by
a
ARISZ
H.
leaf
to
possibility
the
exposed
air.
in the dark
during
OF
INFLUENCE
After
pretreatment.
into
the
KC1 + CaS0
4
exposed,
of
pretreatment
dark-dark.
or
pretreatment
Exposure to
leaflengths
the
separated leafsegments
in
(ftg
—
150
have
and
f.c.
in
been
150
8
two
from
f.c.
of 5
light
darkj
....
dark3
—
0.001
a
had
pre-exposure,
d 1 takes
In
for
50
up
exp.
exp.
1093
1099
277
284
210
309
323
249
50
f.c.
408
369
405
150 f.c.
430
412
462
50
f.c.
224
209
153
150
f.c.
217
227
227
50
f.c.
209
209
150
f.c.
217
217
to
1099 for 50
against 229
fig.
A
formed
fairly
influence
these
The
in
of
been
one
pre-exposure
cannot
carried
at
of d 2
150 f.c.
and d 3.
out
number of
at
with
is
From this
various
light
have been
obtained,
the
on
In
which
known that the sugar condition of
was
plant material. We shall discuss only
to
used
70 and
120 f.c. have been
provided with
a water
uptake of 1/1000 M KC1 -j- CaS0 4
20, 40, 70,
could
made
intensities.
in which the influence of
pretreatment
pre-exposures
clear,
at
been
affects the
uptake. The expercompared with each other, as they have
different
120, 160 and 240 f.c. On
points that had
observations
uptake
transportable.
have
experiment also
Philips sodium lamp
in the dark
on
experiments
that it is
now
experiments,
the heat
rays. The
exposure
50 f.c. and
amount
during pretreatment is
of
be very well
the dark and of
A
during pre-exposure.
average
for 50 f.c.
quite different results
understood
of these
light
number
the leaves before the
iments
at
f.c. 210
against 155 fig and for 150 f.c. 249
experiments make the impression that the sub-
the
large
experiments
be
may
experiments that both
309
experiment
stance
156
231
amounts
to 277
against 216 fig,
against 217 fig. In experiment 1093 it amounts for
284 against 209 fig and for 150 f.c. 323
against 222 fig. In
150 f.c.
f.c.
the
+ CaS0 4 solution
f.c.
1092 this
experiment
Uptake by
150
chloride than the
more
the
After
water.
cm.
cm)
segments d 2 and d 3, which remained in the dark
It appears from all three
substance
was connected with the
exposed zone during
compared during the uptake with the leaf-
be
to
the
1092
3
The leafzone d 1 which
of
exp.
2
dark
2.5
KC1
M
of 2.5
segments
50 f.c.
dark
....
150 f.c.
to
pretreated dark-light
free
of
parts
uptake
parts
cm
carbondioxide
cut in
light
darkjj
second series
chloride. Transport
light. Leaflengths
Cl/24 hours,
cm
a
16
of
uptake
the
50,
to
leaflengths
cm
darkj
in
50
2.5
pretreatment
5
the
on
formed during pretreatment
233
VALLISNERIA LEAVES
made.
TABLE
Influence
IN
the 5 cm leaflengths were cut
following uptake from 1/1000 M
next
series
one
have been
experiments
SUCROSE
pretreatment
equal parts and in the
two
Three
AND
LIGHT
not
but
experiment
be
to
be determined in
made in
not
we
great
duplicate.
(fig.
in
compared.
filter
to remove
was
determined
account
of the great
one
experiment, these
The result
of the
pre-
1).
may get the
impression that pre-exposure
234
W.
H.
ARISZ
AND
H.
H.
SOL
increases both the
uptake in the dark and the one in the light, but the
inaccuracy of the observations with uptake in the dark does not permit
consider it
to
us
of pre-exposure
1.
Fig.
of
Influence
during
exposure
air
24
f.c.,
—
C0
2.
series
of
in the
8
hours.
Abscissa
light only in
dark
preceding
In
light
1947
exposure is
it
pretreatment
mM
in
foot
cm,
A.
KC1
in
the
dark;
CaS0
+
candles.
the effects
formed
uptake in different
B.
in
solution.
70
f.c.;
C.
in
with
Aeration
4
Ordinate
0.4
width
on
the
on
the substance
cm)
uptake
in
Cl'
jig
25°C, 24 hours. Exp.
per
1098
slight degree before the experiment. A prolonged
a
period
had
1
2.5
int.
(length
possesses
Pretreatment;
Uptake from
leafsegments
the
get clearer data
to
need material that
light intensities (Sodium light).
120
order
proved. In
as
we
works
been
in
this
investigated
the
only active during
direction.
whether the
hours
first
of
influence
uptake
or
of prethat
the
influence of pre-exposure is perceptible during the entire uptake period.
For this
after
investigation
pretreatment
two
some
in
the
experiments had been made, in
dark,
at
70
f.c.
and
had been determined after 6 and after 24 hours
It
was
ascertained
influenced the
treatment
fig. 2,
It
in
or
which
appears
the first
6
whether the effect of
uptake only
that it lasted
in the
for
a
at
150 f.c.
which
uptake
(corrected statement).
light during
next
the
few hours
the pretreatment
following
longer time. The results
are
the
pre-
given in
contains the data from Table 7 of Arisz’s
that
through
hours
as
well
pre-exposure
as
in
the
the
next
rate
of
following
paper (1947).
uptake increases
18
hours. From
INFLUENCE
these
experiments
treatment
in
favours the
a
sensitizer
Fig.
1
6
2.
KC1
24
was
Arisz
a
in
of
A.
150
pretreated
f.c.
uptake
Fig.
in
IN
VALLISNERIA
the conclusion
that
235
LEAVES
during
the
pre-
sensitizer may be formed which
a
In
in
fig.
light during
24 hours,
in
the
Abscissa
comprehensible,
made.
to
exposure
precautions.
then cultivated
be
drew
SUCROSE
of
uptake in the light. In order to ascertain whether
really formed, these experiments have been repeated
through pre-eXposure
This is
AND
substance e.g.
+ CaS04 solution,
hours.
with strict
LIGHT
process
Influence
mM
and
light
OF
In 1947
the
dark;
time.
we
because the
daylight
was
B.
pretreatment
The
uptake is
uptake
had omitted
the dark
uptake
too
small
distinct
in
pretreated
Ordinate
uptake in
1, however,
the
25°C.
in
to
70
/rg
on
the
uptake of
determined
after
f.c.; C. pretreated
CL'.
investigate whether
was
increased
as
well.
in the dark for the material
for
such
differences
determinations
were
found for
to
the
the dark.
3 contains the result
of
experiment
1107
on
the
uptake after
236
4,
8
W.
and
either
the
To obtain
before the
iment is
Fig.
C
and
or
at
f.c.
pretreatment
Influence
150
The
From
A
f.c.
of
D
H.
H.
50
at
or
at
SOL
of material
f.c.,
pretreated
150 f.c.
was
put
in the dark for 24 hours,
The result of this exper-
started.
was
is
The line
for
for
the
during
in
pretreatment
A, B, C uptake
uptake
the
exposure
and
in the
determined
three lower
uptake in the dark the
one
50
clear effect the material
proper
uptake.
F in
25°C.
AND
in the dark and
dark
a
ARISZ
satisfactory. All determinations have been made in duplicate.
3.
chloride
hours
24
in
H.
4,
B
8
pretreatment
the
24
dark
the
on
hours.
and
and
24
C
it
hours.
and
lies
distinctly
the
one
for
course
B
and
E
in
50 f.c.
of
in
1107.
that also
has
its
with
influence.
than the
higher
150
the
50 f.c.
24 hours,
Experiment
appears
of the pretreatment
pretreatment with 50 f.c.
in
dark
dark, D, E, F, uptake
after
lines A,
nature
pretreatment
the
f.c.
lies
still
higher. Besides the slope of the lines both in the first and in the second
period
increases
distinctly
after
stronger
pre-exposure.
In
the
third
INFLUENCE
OF
LIGHT
AND
SUCROSE
period the difference is still visible
for the three
upper
which have been
much
are
This
slope between the leaflengths
pretreated in the dark and those exposed
this
at
difference with
the
but
greater,
small, because
237
LEAVES
well. The same thing holds good
F, for which the uptake at 150 f.c.
examined. Here the differences in
was
VALLISNERIA
as
E and
lines D,
IN
f.c.
150
the
f.c.
is
pretreatment
has been reached.
light intensity light saturation
experiment supports
50
to
previous experience that the influence
during the entire period of uptake.
pre-exposure
What is new, is that the influence of pre-exposure is also demonstrable
of
is
with
uptake
does
not
in the dark. We
form
experiment
a
CO
free
it
Seeing
deserves
We
experiment
for
Table
the
1106,
8
few
itself
experiments
these
takes
the
with
24
hours
of
in
gives
(Table
place in the
(24 hours),
uptake
in
pretreatment
in
the
dark
B
and
in
chloride
dark.
the
10,
dark
Here
uptake
and
in
the
sucrose
Exp.
was
had
but
increases the
uptake,
10
at
uptake
that the
so
of
uptake
with
the
So in
effect.
difference whether
no
f.c.,
an
from
during the
higher
slight
a
it makes
at
sucrose
appears
great pains
us
gave
40
or
70 f.c.
at
An
during the pretreatment distincteven
appears
be
to
greater
17
of
chloride
In A
70 f.c.
with
dark
added
1097
It
4).
sucrose
The effect
40
uptake
(fig.
consistently
a
17)
sucrose
cases.
on
that
This influence
uptake.
consumed in the
pre-exposure
uptake in all
the
substance
that this substance
substance is formed
a
TABLE
Influence
hours
originally
addition, however, of 1/20 M
ly raises
place
has been verified for
50 f.c.
at
24
too
not
which
1097 and 1103
pretreatment
the
that
possible
also increases the
pretreatment
but
In
interpretation.
experiments
above
seems
15, from which it appeared
hours and
that
diminishes,
A
it
uptake in the light
hours,
is
pretreatment which
chloride.
the
in
may add that
of carrier.
to
the whole duration. So here
action
chlorophyll
have exposure take
to
demonstrated
already
name
on
object
pre-exposure
of
increases both
light. We
in the
our
light is transportable,
revert
of 4
formed which
uptake
it has been
that
assume
the concentration
substance is
a
during pretreatment
sucrose
uptake
that
medium.
was
the
now
addition
too
a
formed in the
of
that
therefore
must
or
in the dark and the
uptake
in
sensitizer
a
increases, but
this
demonstrable
and
in
the
sucrose
during
dark.
Pretreatment
in
chloride uptake
the
0.05
M,
in
the
G
dark
chloride
pretreatment.
1103.
G
B
A
pretreatment
uptake dark
uptake dark
0.05
M
with
uptake
Exp.
dark
Exp.
1103
after
pretreatment with
sucrose
0.05
1097
dark
M
sucrose
Exp.
1097
1103
1097
1103
64
32
103
156
167
10
f.c
60
32
110
153
167
199
40
f.c
57
39
103
153
167
219
70
f.c
60
43
103
156
163
216
209
238
W.
when
than,
that
in
is
sucrose
this
H.
AND
administered
material
case
ARISZ
has
H.
H.
SOL
It is
during the uptake.
been
used
which
clear
rich
was
substance’ and poorer in
influence
any
4.
Fig.
the
C
1
Influence
chloride
in
the
mM
‘sugar substance’ so that light did
during the pretreatment and sugar did.
dark
KC1
of
uptake.
+
of
supply
A
1/10
M
In
experiment
in the
to
indicate
in
that
treatment
the
(Table
absorbing
pre-exposure
bring about
two
The
the
B
50
the
18)
the free
and
in
and
supply
effects
the
the
in
f.c.
is
on
+
absence
course
M
of
have
not
the
1/50
of
sucrose,
CO a
after
now
‘light
from
,
4,
8
and
1108.
same
was
found.
results
as
with
part.
These
sugar
occur
Here
pre-
pretreatment
part strengthens
free
which
dark
determined
same
gives the
to
pretreatment
in
uptake
Experiment
150 f.c. without CO
dark, but sugar addition
dark,
Uptake:
25°C.
hours.
during
the
a
tion both
other.
1090
in
sucrose.
-(- CaS0 4 solution,
24
exposure
sucrose
pretreated
in
accumula-
results
during
independent
the
also
pre-
of each
INFLUENCE
OF
LIGHT
AND
SUCROSE
TABLE
Influence
from
of
pretreatment
M KC1
0.01
in
dark
the
added
+ CaS04
is
in
agar
LEAVES
the
uptake
light
the
strips
difference
no
VALLISNERIA
239
18
and
to
IN
on
(exp.
of
In this
1090).
chloride
case
there
visible.
.
pretreatment
Uptake
the
in
150
the
dark
f.c.
150
217
CO
—
in
pretreatment
in
dark
f.c.
C0
—
2
202
373
383
s
dark
dark
dark
—
—
—
dark
181
light
245
0.05
light +
M
—
—
323
suer
—
67
(248)
153
(398)
270—
227
(550)
340
188
82
(270)
174
(444)
252
(592)
—
—
Discussion
From the
experiments
the influence of
on
and
sucrose
light
on
the
uptake and transport of chlorides in Vallisneria leaves that have been
discussed
here,
transports
The
the Vallisneria
from
Dependent
the
exposure
as
symplasm
mitochondria
this
may
unsuited
have
or
has
administration of
of 2.5
leaf segments
are
not
results
first
yet
we
have
of
in
ion
exchangers.
0-500 ftg Cl is
sucrose
Most
cms.
up
cell, after
sufficiently
Cl
as
In
is
stored
on
uptake
in
to
processes
be
to
the
leaves
discussed in
seem
cell.
They
to
be
may
by providing energy
cytoplasm
cell
carried
secretion of
a
they
transport
the
symplasm
next
Vallisneria
investigated
migrate from cell
carriers
the
symplasm,
which there is
intercellular
cannot
influence
from
started
into the
taken
to
for
they
function
cultivation
in chloride and
by
removed
quantitatively.
the
to
poor
considerable
be inferred from the increase of osmotic value.
carriers
because
may
due
symplasm into the vacuoles.
important
an
they
is
experiments
been
make
to
examine them
and
from cell
are
As
paper.
possible
to
salt
of the
discussion
ions from the
is
and
plants in artificial light in soil
theory that the ions
in the
it
place
these
series of 8
taken up per
the
in
which
on
in the vacuoles
In
that
appears
uptake
great
water
it
of chlorides take
suggested
as
by Robertson.
In the
present
interpretation
themselves.
of Vallisneria
results, it
was
It
makes
found
of the
may
use
transport experiments various difficulties
be
imagined that
of various
(Arisz
1947,
path for transport of salts; besides
the cell
walls and
the arguments
to
a
zone
part
in
plasmatic
adds
a
fresh
render it
the
in the
already
transport,
given
the
walls
transport
act
a
part.
previous publications
influence of
argument. For does
possible
a
previous
symplasm is a
in Vallisneria. It is
the cell
in
that the
imagine
in the leaves
from
not
through
difficult
to
In addition
which
point
illuminating the absorbing
exposure
that accumulation both in
of the
the
absorbing
absorbing and
free zone
greatly increases? As long as the absorbing zone is
dark, the exposed free part can accumulate but small quantities
of chloride.
If there
the cells of the free
of the
cases
transport
Starting
1953)
can
through the bundles
decide whether in certain
to
1948,
we
a
courses.
absorbing
was
part
part
a
uptake of chloride ions by
surrounding cell walls, the exposure
considerable
from the
could
not
have
such
a
great
influence.
240
W.
weak
The
and
1088)
with the
this
ions,
connected
of
cause
tension
AND
H.
H.
cannot
be
be understood
can
be
to
not
act
cell
in
part,
a
so
walls
In
the
For
compared
walls
could
symplasm
a
these differences
however,
and Schreuder
1956). As
in
differences
especially
1024
experiments
cell
variable.
so
(Arisz
walls
considered.
(e.g.
of the
be assumed that if the cell
would
process
SOL
experiments
some
slight significance
transport
are
they do
be
ARISZ
by the sensitive plasroodesmata,
conductivity
a
the
symplasm. It
transport
in
in
transport
shows
H.
suction
submerged leaves of Vallisneria
only diffusion
in the wall
would
capillaries
left.
The
of the bundles for
significance
here. We may refer
to
recent
a
will
transport
be
not
discussed
(Arisz and Schreuder
paper
1956),
from which it appears that the bundles of Vallisneria transport chloride,
in
probably
Arisz
(1952)
which
at
way
We will
leaf cells
than
in
of exposure.
that
consequently
The
times.
is
sucrose
a
localised
more
is
sucrose
which
the
be
cannot
general
whereas
increases,
than
experiments
of the
the secretion from
absorbing part with that in the free part. As
competition
determining
influence
the
absorbing
in the
any
is in the
is
exposed
light,
in the free part.
osmotic
long
owing
As
in
In
to
of
the
are
uptake
sucrose
transport factor
If,
will
also
the
however,
chloride ions present
since the ion
competition
in the
symplasm
symplasm,
more
to
part
time.
same
rule the total
competition.
and there
supply
is
not
the accumulation in the free part
cases
to
the free
part,
usually also gives
Particularly
if the
is
a
the
with
absorbing
increase
already
in
connected
the
local
absorbing
phenomenon
the accumulation
phenomenon
the
no
some
this
the
local administration of
ions
often
too.
distance
greatly reduce
This
light
administered
to
for
of
a
of
transport
sucrose
absorbing
at
the
of
The
administered
the
but the unknown
controlled,
there is
more.
then increased
Sucrose
be
development
zone
and
By exposure
conductivity
symplasm,
limiting
is
may
the
influence
though
it may decrease in the free part
case.
made,
are
in
expected
impression
that of exposure,
the
of carbo-
history and
The favourable influence of
competition of
increases in this
supply
easier
into
previous
only on the spot of administration. If it
absorbing part in the dark, accumulation in
this
same
local stimulation of the accumulation.
certainly takes place.
This indicates
it is
as
experiments
appears
the
in the
taken up
the
course
the different
to
uniform reaction
a
administering
is
with
divergence owing
various
at
by
addition
sucrose
The
metabolism. Of
leaflengths
the
great
a
sugars
cells,
specialised
cells do
(cf. also Schumacher und Hullsbruch
parenchyma cells they form part of the symplasm.
the
as
and converted
hydrates
effect
cells.
parenchyma
of
tracts
as
during part of their life transport substances
begin with the influence of
analyse
made
tubes
parenchyma
as
shows
than
degree
stronger
considered the sieve
least
1955). Just
to
somewhat
a
zone
a
being
is in the dark,
mentioned,
absorbing
part
of the secretion
part,
decrease
in
which
the
can
appears.
conductivity
dehydration of the symplasm (Arisz and Schreuder 1956).
absorbing part the peripheral
cells take up the chloride ions
INFLUENCE
direct from
OF
If, therefore
IN
VALLISNERIA
the
also
obtain the chloride ions
to
make itself felt
chloride
will
be
in the
absorbing
Sucrose administered
the
accumulation
which
in
may
(Table
17).
which
during
in
the
raises
the
sucrose
is
It
Summing
the
we
up
may
must
absorption of
process,
the vacuoles.
The local
be based
by
Donnan
lead
to
part.
stronger influence
the
during
uptake
several
during
in the
increases
hours,
dark
as
solution
outer
ions
or
on
from
the
promotion
a
the
symplasm
competitive
and the free
absorbing
of ions from
influence of the sugar
specific
a
accumulation
higher uptake
effect of sugar administration and
Frey
Teorell,
part point
tion in the medium and in the
plasm
is
the ion
regulate
into
sucrose
In
the
and
this
effect
the
to
chlorides
from
consider if the
the
of
in
might
into
so
that
ions
in
the
the
rate
of ion
presence
of
level.
vacuoles.
leaves is
the
i.e.
process,
the
symplasm
symplasm of Vallisneria
The
rate
of ion
under
a
We
here
secretion
have
now
free space in the
Burstrom and
by
of
to
sense
Lundegardh,
Donnan system in this
a
of
speak
Difficulties
arise,
a
part being
in the
restricted
however,
exposure
considerably,
From
so
this
dark,
of the
that
it
into
uptake
the
free
plasmatic
the influence of the ‘membrane’,
the
rate
the
of
the
appears,
as
part
has
part
the
to
symplasm
to
free space without the
intermediary of
zone
exceed
the
accumulates
does
the
been
not
when the
space,
exposed,
however,
already
supply of chloride ions
is
cannot
part,
free
regard
theory of free
uptake
tfie free
With
space
which is
space.
the free
absorbing
also
case.
free
for
fight effect is treated. For when
ions.
limited
is
uptake has been explained
accumulation
the
however, be
considered
By
being maintained,
in communication with the free space in the walls and with
medium.
must,
a
concentra-
concentration in the sym-
medium. Still
Robertson, Hope, Butler, Epstein,
which is
is
assume
by secretion of chloride
certain
a
the
on
the
dark
the
above
The influence of sugar
strengthening
investigators
Arise)
the secretion of ions into the vacuole
from
uptake
rise
decreases
way
symplasm
cannot
is
symplasm
the medium the
whenever it
restored,
into the vacuoles.
uptake
various
as
Vervelde,
certain relation between the chloride ion
a
system
“membrane”
Wijssling,
by diffusion of ions from
we
a
accumulates
conceivable that if the
(Meyer,
the
take it up,
to
cases
mentioned process.
It is
of
tension,
To the free part
uptake
on
sucrose
on
the
which
between accumulation in the
can
effective
that
say
ions from
of the secretion
last
of accumulation
equally
a
administered
and that this may be attended
the medium. This
into
is
symplasm.
light.
locally
on
if it
rate
the
suction
some
during pretreatment has
than
a
part.
considerable accumulation of chloride in the free
on
symplasm, the
and which will be able
sucrose
carried,
the
by
241
LEAVES
through
been diminished
conductivity has
which is in touch with the
some
SUCROSE
the medium and introduce them into
other cells will have
this will
AND
LIGHT
the
a
absorbing
certain limit.
rate
more
discussed,
. take place
increases
chloride
that
the
in the wall
symplasm of the absorbing
242
W.
It
zone.
AND
also follows from this that
into the
causes
H.
SOL
be
to
due
the
to
Primary is
and
and
influence of
is the
secondary
free
light
in the
have
been
performed
Experiment
is
first
during
the
on
of chloride
series
rinsed
the vacuole.
demonstrate the
to
TABLE
the
sym-
cannot
symplasm
absorbing
parts.
Experiments
uptake
symplasm
into the vacuoles of
stronger secretion
takes
process
into the
of chloride ions in the
free space in Vallisneria leaves. In Table 19
a
a
the accumulation in
on
greater availability
the
light
absorbed
plasm. The greater availability of chloride ions
be
of ions
light affects the permeation
chloride ions
more
H.
under the influence of
symplasm, i.e. that
which
place
ARISZ
H.
in
after
analysed
is
the
of
presence
dark
30 minutes.
There
is
no
of
free
minutes
loss
in
in Vallisneria
space
concentrations
different
in
rapidly rinsing
15
during
of KC1
presence
given
are
distilled
water,
distilled
aerated
at all of absorbed chloride
ions.
leaves.
After
24 hours
during
second
the
water,
the
series
third
series
Experiment 1113.
15
rapidly
30
minutes
minutes
after
24 hours’
uptake
of
M
KC1
rinsed
259
263
266
after
24
hours’
uptake
of 0.001
M
KC1
rinsed
316
323
316
after
24 hours’
uptake
of 0.004
M
KC1
rinsed
359
362
355
after
24 hours’
uptake
of 0.016
M
KC1
rinsed
408
415
415
the
uptake
of
A
the dark.
loss
of
a
one
sence
air
a
of
has
considerable
cannot
on
quantity
the
of
was
Table 20
Influence
from
with
a
of
same
to
exposure
B
of
in
of
the
light
and
Pretreatment
Light
+
CO,
light
the
during
carbondioxide.
1/1000
pretreatment
A
C
Light —CO,
Dark
+
higher
formed,
as
way
in distilled
water
presence
In the
pre-
than that of normal
is
formed.
It
is
clear
they will promote the
has
been
found when
to
light during
M
KC1
without
of
+
pretreatment and
Light intensity
CaS0
C0
uptake
CO,
exposure
20
C
4
after
in
2,
24
100
f.c.
the
pretreatment;
the
dark
with
uptake
Uptake
A
C0
2
hours;
25°C.
Experiment
uptake
light
light
B
found.
not
was
a
water
be shown in this way.
data about the influence of
gives
solution
CO a ,
tissue
light
and
light
distilled
added.
absence
or
the
uptake of chlorides.
are
TABLE
presence
to
carbo-hydrates
sugars
accumulation of chlorides in the
sucrose
in
loss of chloride ions. Therefore the
influence
photosynthesis
the
the
uptake
concentration of carbon dioxide
a
that if in
no
chloride ions
strong
a
after
exposed
hour showed
free space for
Light
chloride ions from
of
KC1
in aerated
by leakage
chloride ions
Likewise leaf segments
during
of
different concentrations
subsequent loss of
in
0.00025
of
on
19
apparent
an
from solutions
data
some
+
—
;
in
in
US
Cl
CO,
547
CO,
523
403
CO,
410
light + CO,
303
—
CO,
165
Cl
light
duration
S 96.
light
light
the
fig
the
light + CO,
—
in
of
INFLUENCE
the
Aeration
with
has
pretreatment
the
as
experiment shows
increases
air
containing
uptake
on
the
243
LEAVES
absence of carbon
or
presence
dioxide
effect
The
VALLISNERIA
the
the
during
light
to
exposure
double influence
the formation of
pretreatment, viz,
which
substance”
“light
uptake in the
same
the
during
IN
SUCROSE
carbon
with addition of sugar.
of exposure
AND
LIGHT
and the
pretreatment
dioxide.
OF
following
specific
a
and
uptake
the
formation of sugar in the presence of carbon dioxide. With this material
during uptake
only influence after
had
It
is
evident
uptake
process,
the
uptake in
the
uptake.
that
also
has
the
a
previous
a
medium free
a
in
of carbon
presence
in
pretreatment
a
light
both
as
light
to
exposure
the
influence
specific
more
and
exposure
an
from carbon dioxide
Van Lookeren Campagne
dioxide
dark.
the
on
during
exposure
greatly promotes
found that the action
(1956)
spectrum of the photosynthesis in light of various wavelengths perfectly
with that of the
corresponds
is
a
at
lower
a
on
the
chlorophyll.
dioxide is
feature
common
based
that have
It
of formation of
respiration.
uptake
This,
intensities
light
(Table
sucrose.
data it may be
will
be
On
4).
continued also
the
limiting for
the
uptake.
formation of the
the
absence
that
not
light and
identical way, e.g.
seem
as
sucrose
a
result
and
photosynthesis
be
to
the
for
case,
even
at
van
light saturation
Therefore
same
of carbon
ground of
Lookeren
Campagne’s
the formation of an energy rich substance
higher light intensities than
at
that
so
the
an
in
and accumulation
uptake
a
which uptake
of chloride is
maximal,
uptake of chloride may be caused by addition
expected that
uptake is maximal,
cause
at
considerable increase in
of
is
used for the reduction
imagined
in
does
however,
As
light energy by the
substance both in
rich
energy
an
be
process
found
atmospheric carbon dioxide,
incorporated
therefore
might
would influence the
is
energy
was
photo-accumulation
and
the transference of
this
uptake
photosynthesis.
photo-accumulation,
for
required
for processes that
photo-accumulation
with
and
photosynthesis
In
of chlorides.
not
saturation for
photosynthesis
of
absorption
of substances
in
the
light intensity than
of carbon
presence
the
of chlorides. There
photo-accumulation
difference since the saturation for the chloride
a
cannot
sugar
substance which is
dioxide but
sugar
at
which
salt
dark reaction becomes
be
active
through
formed in the
influence
must
light
the
in
dark
reaction.
Four
1.
A
rate
If
of chloride
an
during
the
a
the
(Table
seem
to
be
dioxide free
the
it
exposed
receives
to
medium increases the
formed which is
part
transportable.
remains
leaflength
of the
or
as
part,
in the
enzyme
so
in
substance
the
dark
formed in
that
light. Therefore it is
which
plays
a
part
readily consumed by the uptake
during
Exposure
studied.
a
subsequent chloride uptake is
16). This substance promotes the chloride uptake
adjoining
well in the dark
effective
2.
pretreatment
exposed
been
in carbon
A substance is
uptake.
kind of catalyst
not
have
adjoining part of
increased
as
effects
light
previous exposure
several
not
in the
a
sensitizer
but
uptake. It does
process
as
it remains
hours.
light during
the
uptake
in carbon dioxide free medium
244
W.
the
promotes
The
light.
the
is
rate
uptake
the
does
uptake
formed in
in
the
distilled
the
the
light
SOL
shorter
or
same
time.
Up
to
which is
seems
is
energy
the
rate
or
there
now
substance is formed which
a
medium is
intensity of the
at
indicate that
may
It
the
on
many hours
substance
water.
light when
present
are
the
H.
exposure
This
uptake.
H.
dependent
longer
a
during the
of
produce
not
pretreatment
ions
may go
rate
AND
during
on
diminish after
indication that
no
ARISZ
effect is
uptake. The
may
increases
H.
that
this
free
from
used
during the
substance is
take
to
during
exposure
formed
salt
the
ions.
ions
only
If salt
into
the
symplasm.
3.
a
In
5
leaflength
absorbing and
does
on
the
called
an
interpreted
an
of the
uptake
does
way
only
is
stance
The
data
acts
on
the
absorbing
quite
the
uptake
of a
zone
not
proof that
absorbing
is
part
not
this
to
therefore been
the
to
most
be
free
It
hydrates
tion in
influence
of
The
can
use
separate
mediary
to
free
zone
the
distinct
if
we
in
if
even
The
dioxide free
sub-
the
in
1
sucrose
/20
experiments
medium,
by respiration
so
was
of
give
to
light.
to
were
the free part
difficult
accumulation
important effect
of 7.5
from the
gives
cm
the
Still
M is
have
that
at
available
zone
of the
the accumula-
exposure
to
light of the
zone
is rather
third
great.
opportunity
zone
1 and
and 4 in the dark with addition of
an
on
the
absorbing
of 2.5 cm, which remains in series
3
uptake in the absorbing
light
rather
effect
a
zone.
longer leaflengths
exposed
zone
to the second
on
in
light
is
an
that
A
(Table 6 exp. 1112 and Table 7
exp.
unlikely that this extremely small quantity of carbo-
The influence of
the
analysis
transferred
process
photosynthesis
produced
have caused the rather
of
and in series
It
leaflengths.
in carbon
dioxide
absorbing
the
parts
of the
the
photosynthesis
seems
the
interesting
an
means
which is
part
formed in the
the result
repeated
carbon
the
used in
1118).
both
that
metabolic
on
further
a
symplasm. This
it is remarkable that this influence is
administered
give
to
boundary
know
we
process.
carbo-hydrate.
a
the
on
have been
transporting leaflength has
exposed
the substance
is
leaflength
conclusive
the
light
would
membrane but
insufficient
are
the
part. This would be
that
sure
in
however,
the
on
it
of the pores in the
Nowadays,
well.
produced
sugar
and it would have been
permeability
the accumulation in the whole
on
the
part also increases,
influence of the
Formerly
the size
on
depend
Exposure of the free
4.
the
on
influence
light
as
processes
in
as
should be inclined
we
in the free
an
symplasm.
protoplasm.
not
locally,
the secretion of the ions from the
on
this indicates
influence of light
as
part of
both
vacuoles.
of ions in the
surface
of the
light acted only
absorbing part,
light
absorbing
of accumulation
that, however, the accumulation
availability
of the
exposure
If
part.
influence of
an
if it is in the dark,
even
an
increase
an
the free
in
symplasm into
Now
causes
the accumulation in the
think of
to
experiments
transport
cm
by
zone
even
to
inter-
2
in the dark
sucrose
(Table 21).
zone
in series
Addition of
(series 3) increases uptake only slightly but
third
an
2
on
sucrose
exposure
with simultaneous addition of
sucrose
OF
INFLUENCE
the
to
second
LIGHT
AND
(series
zone
SUCROSE
has
4)
accumulation in the
absorbing
light forms other substances than
moved in the
are
lation in the
the
absorbing
three
is
zone
The
The third
series
distilled
3
leafzones
are
between
is
in
in
sucrose
7.5
0.01
M
cm
of
zone
in
and
separated
2.5
free
3
and
2
the
chloride
is
first
second
zone
i
light -f-
sucrose
2
light -j-
sucrose
3
light
4
light +
-j- sucrose
hours.
and
question whether
the absence
dark
—
dark
—-
the
in
sucrose
dark
sucrose
At
in the
give
to
us
+
dark
+
+
in
the
uptake
is
single segments
sucrose
430—
sucrose
543—
444
sucrose
as
with
68
117
89
75
—
110
124—
in
light
that formed
have
we
75—
in the
part
identical
content
110—
—
529—
sucrose
satisfactory
a
is in
zone
chloride
is
seen
also
of these processes
knowledge
our
hours’
zone
light, which
time
24
of 8
Cl
second
added.
Pretreatment
light.
the
The
This
in
absorbs
M sucrose
sucrose.
to
formed in the free
product
the present
for
sufficient
not
M
fig
light
—
—
sucrose.
with 0.05
light j +
of carbon dioxide could be
transportable.
is
+
dark
—
—
M
0.05
divided
and
light
to
in
accumulation
boxes
1117.
third
dark +
during the pretreatment
4
After
content
the
on
perspex
exposed
4
zone
—
—•
sucrose
in
exposed
and
estimated. Experiment
series
accumu-
justified it raises the
part
placed
cm
series
light during 24
to
the
are
KC1, 0aSO 4
series
which
zone
and the
uptake
strips containing 0.05
agar
dark,
the
the free leaf
the
the
on
21
of
zone
distilled water,
in
exposed
water
first
strips with
dark
zone
and
1
agar
the
a
of
Leaflengths
zone.
from
in
of
light
to
245
LEAVES
strong indication that
a
If this conclusion is
absorbing part.
compartments.
chloride
This is
symplasm and promote
exposure
VALLISNERIA
considerable influence
a
zone.
TABLE
of
Influence
IN
this
to
answer
question.
SUMMARY
Sucrose
in
ions
sucrose
the
still
in
part
If
the
those
through
the
Exposure
increase
the
in
cell
the
ions
free
both
in
the
zone
is
in
free
in
absorbing
the
the
the
dark
influence
of
in
of
chloride
result
being active
for the
light and
free
the
of the
in
the
chloride uptake
sucrose
is
not
due
to
the
in
without
the
sugar,
it
This
part.
for
does
part
and
of
a
result
chloride
the vacuoles
has
the
increases
ions
in the
from
the
absorbing
not
zone
zone.
influence
limiting
a
proves
surroundings.
that
the
Therefore
take
free
This
part
on
does
the
not
transport of chlorides
place.
being exposed
transported
indicates
the
to
to
light,
that
a
causes
substance
absorbing part
an
is
which
ions.
absorbing
increase
and
much
as
leaf.
absorbing
of chloride
part,
as
absorbing
part
and
the secretion
dark,
the
free
the
free
sucrose
the
only
also
light
symplasm
of the
in
the
part,
an
of
influence
obtains
direct from its
to
accumulation
not
with light saturation
that
part
exposed
exposed
of the
This
place
walls
likewise result
The
the
accumulation
Exposure
photosynthesis,
uptake into
takes
the
on
effect is
light
substance.
vacuoles.
of the free
the
by
the
uptake,
same
accumulation
of
increases
may
in
chloride
up
formed
the
uptake
accumulation
take
in
The
symplasm and indirectly
the
into
for
as
the
of the
Light promotes
symplasm
leaves.
dioxide. Seeing
increases
formation
influence
regulating
a
carbo-hydrates
of carbon
transport
have
cells of Vallisneria
of
formation
absence
light
and
the
of
the
free
zone
total
part
the
administered
increases.
effect
to
being
uptake,
is
the
in
the
so
that
dark
the
If, however,
with
sucrose,
accumulation
the
absorbing
variable.
absorbing
or
to
the free
zone
is
in
246
W.
the
main
local,
Sucrose
takes
fact
ions
place
that
so
the
into
ions
the
Sucrose
in
osmotic effect
in
free
also
on
ions
of
in
accumulation
of the
the
the
dark
in
the free
increases
dark
compete
transport
and
in
with
the
in the
the secretion
sometimes
is
due
dark with
free part
the
symplasm
the
sugar.
This
This
part.
in
occurs
absorbed
of administration.
zone
into
absorbing
the
Addition
This influence
zone
in
vacuole;
of
the
to
and
to
the
is
sucrose
accumulate
the
presence
it
light, likewise
the secretion
cases
the
to
which
to
free
part
accumulates
gives
into
have
may
a
the
an
fewer chloride
compensated by giving
be
may
in
is
some
sucrose
absorbing part, owing
the vacuoles.
in
result.
the
increases.
the
in
must
if the
zone,
the
SOL
transport
accumulation
The rate
the secretion
of
H.
increase
an
in
absorbing part
determine
the
increase
absorbing part
ions
of the
vacuoles.
H.
absorbing part
vacuoles
uptake of chloride
carbo-hydrates
local
the
to
the
expense
that the
limited,
of
the
at
the
into
AND
explained by
be
can
administered
of chloride
ARISZ
sometimes
though
This
adjoining part.
H.
sucrose
to
the
absorbing part.
senior
The
M.
J.
writer
Schreuder
analyses.
The
is
for
greatly indebted
the careful
marked
experiments
is
for
S have
H.
Knobbe-Meester
and help with
been
carried
the
by
out
and
Miss
experiments and
Mr.
H.
senior
author
Arisz,
W.
H.,
1945.
Proc.
Kon.
Ned.
Akad.
Wet.
48
Arisz,
W.
H.,
1947.
Proc.
Kon.
Ned.
Akad.
Wet.
50:
1019-1032.
Arisz,
W.
H.,
1948.
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Kon.
Ned.
Akad.
Wet.
51:
25-32.
Arisz,
W.
H.,
1952.
Annual
Arisz,
W.
H.,
1953.
Acta
Arisz,
W.
H.,
1954.
Nature
Arisz,
W.
H.,
1954.
Acta
Arisz,
W.
H.,
1956.
Protoplasma
responsible
the
Mrs.
to
execution
H. Sol.
the
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