South Puget Sound Action Area
Action Agenda Basis
May 2008
South Puget Sound Core Group
Dan Wrye, Convener
Ecosystem Coordination Board
South Puget Sound Action Area Representative
1
South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis
SOUTH PUGET SOUND CORE GROUP REPORT MAY 2008
Introduction
This is a report of the South Sound Core Group to the Puget Sound Partnership (PSP). The
Core Group is a committee of representatives from tribes, counties, cities, military bases,
and watershed and conservation groups that operate or support ecosystem management
programs in the South Puget Sound. The Core Group is convened and chaired by Dan
Wrye, Ecosystem Coordination Board (ECB) member representing the South Puget Sound
Action Area. Other ECB members participating on the Core Group are David Troutt,
Tribal Representative, Bill Dewey, Small Business Representative, and Terri King, Hood
Canal Action Area Representative. Billy Frank, Jr., is the Leadership Council member
assigned to South Puget Sound Action Area. Duane Fagergren and Scott Redman are PSP
Action Area liaisons for South Puget Sound.
This report is recommended to the Puget Sound Partnership as the basis or "foundation"
(RCW 90.71.260) upon which the Action Agenda as it pertains to South Puget Sound be
developed. This Report aligns ecosystem values with threats and causes in each of nine
inlet-watersheds of South Sound. Where available, those values, threats and causes are
aligned with existing watershed programs. The Partnership’s statute provides for a
compilation of existing watershed programs for inclusion in the Action Agenda.
This report is a first step. Having identified threats and causes and compiled existing
watershed programs, these programs need to be reviewed to determine gaps, priorities, and
timing of implementation and be further developed and subject to public review. Also
needed are goals, objectives, milestones, benchmarks, environmental indices, and other
accountability criteria, as determined by the PSP.
Report Format
The South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis is a series of four tables and an appendix that
compile information from nine inlet watersheds of South Puget Sound. We compile this
information in a matrix format. We found this to be useful in aligning threats, causes, and
programs with Partnership goals and geography. The matrices are in the following tables:
•
Table 1. Threats, Causes, and Existing Programs by Partnership Goal and
Watershed.
•
Table 2. Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to the Health of
Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260) by Partnership Goal and Watershed
•
Table 3. Action Area Rollup of Programs by Partnership Goal
•
Table 4. List of Existing Watershed Programs
2
Finally, an appendix is including that documents the results of the South Puget Sound
Ecological Health Workshop that Pierce County sponsored in February 2008.
Matrix Definitions
Inlet-Watershed Based: Geographic delineation to sort and provide general location in
order to identify key issues and responses. Nine inlet-watersheds are included. Also,
identifies where existing citizen-based watershed councils are operating. These inlet
watersheds are (see Figure 1):
•
•
•
•
Carr/Islands
Chambers/Clover
Nisqually
Henderson
•
•
•
Budd
Eld
Totten/Little
Skookum
•
•
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley
Pickering/Case
We found focusing on smaller geographic areas to be extremely useful in identifying
analyzing, and categorizing information on threats, causes and existing programs.
Additionally, we believe that focusing on inlet watersheds will aid in public involvement
and help gain local support for recovery.
Key Threats: A summary characterization of known threats within watershed/basin in
order to help identify and prioritize responses within basin rather than between basins.
Causes: The known, likely, or suspected origin of, or contribution to, the key threats to
South Puget Sound ecological health.
Existing Watershed Programs (RCW 90.71.010 and 260): Watershed-level plans,
programs, projects, and activities that address or may contribute to the protection or
restoration of Puget Sound waters or to the health of Puget Sound. See Table 4.
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Ecological Setting of South Puget Sound
General Physical
South Puget Sound is unique.
It has nine finger inlets, each with its own headwater estuary, and four large islands.
There is over 450 miles of shoreline in the South Sound.
Its terrain is characterized by rolling hills and ridges. There are steep bluffs bordering
Puget Sound which are intersected by small, steep ravines that drain the upland areas.
The terrain and soils of the area have been heavily influenced past glacial activity.
The climate of the area is mild and temperate with average winter temperatures above
freezing and average summer temperatures below 85˚F. Annual precipitation typically
ranges between 42 and 51 inches per year.
Hydrology in the area is characterized by a number of short streams with headwaters in
upland lake or wetland areas that drain into Puget Sound. The downstream reaches of
these streams are usually confined within steeply sloping ravines with sidewall seeps.
There are a number of estuarine bays and lagoons located along the shorelines where
these streams intersect with Puget Sound. Larger river systems include the Nisqually
River and the Deschutes River.
Tidal ranges in South Sound are extensive, with maximum ranges of upwards of 20 feet.
Yet, much of the South Sound has slow circulation and sensitivity to nutrients, causing a
trend to low dissolved oxygen.
Land use, Population, and Economy
The South Sound is one of the fastest growing areas in the state, exceeding the State’s
growth rate consistently since the 1960s. By 2005 the population has doubled to about
300,000. We’re expecting another 150,000 people within the next 25 years. Our growth
rate is high because of our stable economy, high quality of life, and lower cost of living
compared to the Central Puget Sound region. Approximately 75 percent of the
population growth is from people moving here – only a quarter of the growth is from
births.
Much of the population centers around towns and cities of Shelton, Olympia, Lacey,
Tumwater, Steilacoom, University Place, Lakewood, Tacoma, and DuPont, the
community of Allyn, and, of course, along shorelines.
Land use varies from urban populations to rural and mixed use. Commercial forestry and
tribal and non-tribal commercial shellfisheries dominate the natural resources industries.
Washington State capital, Olympia calls the South Sound home.
Recreational use of the shorelines for clam digging, swimming, boating, fishing, beach
combing on state, county, city and private beaches is popular.
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Unique ecosystem characteristics and assets
The clean waters of South Puget Sound provide some of the finest shellfish habitat in the
world and present an array of recreational, commercial and tribal harvest opportunities.
Commercial production of oysters, clams and mussels from these waters and tidelands
contribute significantly to Washington’s position as the nation’s leading producer of
farmed bivalve shellfish, generating nearly $97 million in 2005.
South Puget Sound shellfish industry is the largest fish industry in all of Puget Sound. It
also has the highest rate of economic return to ports of landing within South Sound. The
commercial shellfish industry is thriving, demand is expanding in markets worldwide,
and clean water is the essential catalyst for continued success.
Use of marine waters and nearshore areas by salmon and trout rates high in South Puget
Sound, not only for salmonids coming from freshwater systems here, but also during
winter and spring periods where salmon from elsewhere in Puget Sound and even British
Columbia are known to feed in the rich South Sound.
Ecosystem Constraints
Historic industrial use of the urban bays in Shelton and Olympia led to contamination of
these inner bays with wood wastes and spent sulfite liquor from pulp and paper mills
which closed in the late 1950’s, and more concentrated waste such as creosote and related
contaminants in the vicinity of the Port of Olympia and Oakland Bay estuary at Shelton.
Capitol Lake, in the heart of Olympia was formed in the early 1950’s as a result of
damming the Deschutes River. Options are being considered by state government to
revert the lake in some fashion back to its former estuary.
Shallow head ends of bays in South Sound restrict passage of marine traffic, especially
commercial vessels coming into the Port of Olympia and Oakland Bay at Shelton.
Maintenance dredging of channels is necessary for larger vessels entering or leaving the
Port of Olympia and shallows and currents limit large vessels through Hammersley Inlet
to Shelton.
All waters that drain from the nine inlets must pass through the Tacoma Narrows, which,
together with the numerous inlets and islands, impedes circulation and restricts flow
within and out of South Puget Sound.
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Greatest Threats to Ecological Health
The South Sound Action Agenda Basis summarizes key threats to the ecological health of
South Puget Sound to include:
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Increase in biotoxins, pathogens, and viruses resulting in loss of private,
recreational, commercial, tribal shellfish harvest.
Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) resulting in fish kills.
Lack of public access to shorelines resulting in a disconnect of people and the
Sound.
Increased stormwater runoff, resulting in reduced recharge leading to saltwater
intrusion and pollution.
Upland and nearshore habitat alteration and loss.
Loss of natural floodplain and wetland functions.
Disconnected and degraded groundwater resources.
Toxic algae blooms.
The Basis identifies the likely causes of the threats to include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Failures of onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats and derelict
vessels.
Land conversion to impervious surface, and native vegetation removal.
Shoreline armoring and development and over-water structures.
Roadway construction and creation of fish passage barriers.
Nonpoint source pollution.
Disruption of natural hydrologic regimes.
Asphalted and realigned stream channels.
Lack of recharge due to impervious surfaces.
Groundwater withdrawals and over-use and contamination.
Water diversions outside of watershed.
In February 2008, we hosted a workshop on the ecological health of South Puget Sound.
The synthesis of causes and threats from workshop are attached to this report and are
summarized below.
•
Threats to shellfish: Pathogens (from natural sources, climate changes – particularly
in Western South Puget Sound); availability of suitable habitat.
•
Threats to salmon: Loss of summer rearing habitat; shoreline armoring; degraded
riparian areas and fragmented habitat; impacts non-SPS fish which utilize South
Sound habitat (e.g., Chinook at Nisqually estuary).
•
Shoreline armoring: Conversion to bulkheads (influence of Shoreline Management
Act) affects salmon habitat, ecological functions, forage fish habitat; impacts of
shoreline armoring related to railroad mainline maintenance is a big issue.
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•
Habitat conversion from historic conditions: Loss of forest cover, reduced large
woody debris and carbon inputs to stream systems, loss of storage in wetlands,
reduction in habitat resilience, degradation and loss of topsoil/duff layer disrupt
natural hydrologic regimes; these are threats to overall biodiversity; correction of
habitat conversion will remedy numerous related watershed problems.
•
Pollution: Historic conditions were of less pollution and more pollution buffering
capacity in the habitat.
•
Toxins: Bioaccumulative toxins affect many species in Puget Sound; toxins in
sediments is a documented problem in Budd Inlet, Shelton Harbor.
•
Stormwater/wastewater discharge: Unknown distribution and effects of
pharmaceuticals, estrogens, caffeine, and other household products in water bodies.
•
Combined impacts from multiple threats: For example, cumulative effects of habitat
conversion, bulk heading and sea level rise.
•
Current incentives for human behavior: Need to develop mechanisms for changing
behavior from current destructive practices (e.g., cap & trade systems, labeling
programs or other incentives).
•
Population growth: Human/animal waste management, impacts from development,
contaminated stormwater runoff.
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Analysis of Results
1.
The ecological health of South Puget Sound is declining in spite of the fact that
there is a wide variety of ecosystem scale plans and programs already in place.
This is because none of the ecosystem programs is fully funded, many of them are
dormant due to lack of local resources, gaps in programs are not well understood,
and the population continues to grow.
2.
The vast majority of ecosystem programs currently underway are being conducted
by local governments and tribes using local resources. The principal exception to
this rule being salmon recovery lead entities which receive partial funding from the
state.
3.
We found about 90 ecosystem scale and watershed programs throughout the South
Puget Sound. Of these, the most numerous address water quality (30% of
programs) and species/habitat issues (36% of programs). The least numerous were
human health/quality of human life (15%).
4.
Of the four counties within the South Puget Sound Action Area, Pierce and
Thurston counties have the most numerous ecosystem scale and watershed
programs in place.
5.
The Squaxin Island Indian Tribe and the Nisqually Tribe have are actively involved
in several ecosystem programs in South Sound.
6.
The state agency with most ecosystem scale programs in South Sound is the
Washington Department of Ecology. Most of these programs were the regulatory
Total Maximum Daily Loads program, data collection and modeling, and grants.
Where available, state funding of ecosystem programs is competition based.
7.
All nine watersheds of South Puget Sound have active salmon recovery lead
entities.
8.
Virtually the entire nearshore of South Sound has been or will soon be assessed by
entities with nearshore restoration expertise.
9.
Of the nine inlet-watersheds of South Sound, Chambers/Clover, Nisqually, Oakland
Bay/Hammersley, and Budd watersheds have the most numerous ecosystem scale
and watershed based programs. Pickering/Case watershed has the fewest.
10.
The Nisqually Watershed has been a leader in collaborative and institutional
processes in South Sound and is a good model to emulate elsewhere. The Nisqually
River Council has been in place since the late 1980s.
11.
Other than Nisqually, the Chambers/Clover and Key Peninsula/Islands Watersheds
(Case and Carr Inlets) are the only watersheds with active, citizens-based watershed
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councils in place. The Chambers/Clover and Key Peninsula/Gig Harbor/Islands
watershed councils have been in place since the late 1990s.
12.
Of the four water resource inventory areas in South Puget Sound, one (Nisqually,
WRIA 11) has an approved Watershed Management Plan adopted under RCW
90.82,
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Recommendations
1. We recommend the Partnership incorporate the results of the South Puget Sound
Action Agenda Basis into the Puget Sound Action Agenda as it pertains to the South
Sound. Together with this hardcopy submittal, an electronic version in Excel
spreadsheet is transmitted. We hope this is helpful as you rollup into the sound wide
Action Agenda. Table 3. Action Area Rollup of Programs by Partnership Goal was
designed specifically for this purpose.
2. We recommend the Partnership to support local, in-Action Area organization. This
includes both at the Action Area level and at the inlet watershed level. For the inlet
watershed level, we believe our successful models of the Nisqually River Council,
Key Peninsula/Gig Harbor Islands Watershed Council, and Chambers/Clover
Watershed Council should be supported by the Partnership for each of the six
remaining inlet watersheds of South Puget Sound. At the Action Area level, we
believe regional collaboration and coordination that is currently operating on a
donation basis be formally supported and funded by the Partnership.
3. We suggest conducting a gap analysis of existing watershed and ecosystem plans. To
conduct this gap, we suggest using criteria such as:
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•
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•
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Education and outreach
Technical assistance
Financial assistance
Data gathering and
management
Regulatory
Inspection
Enforcement
Capital facilities plans
Public access to shorelines
Funding sources
% fully funded
Institutional (locally adopted,
supported, citizens involved)
Program effectiveness
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Goals, measurable objectives
Benchmarks
Accountability
Cumulative impacts
Incentives, disincentives
Effectiveness, ineffectiveness
of mitigation
Plan consistency and
coordination
Status of implementation
(e.g., number/percent
recommendations
implemented)
4. We encourage the Partnership to continue to work with the Core Group as you
develop the Action Agenda as it pertains to Sound Puget Sound.
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Table 1. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Threats, Causes, and Existing Programs by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Watershed
Partnership Goal
Key Threats
Carr Inlet/Islands
Water Quality
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Water Quality
Sediment and embedded stream bottoms
and degraded surface waters
Increased stormwater, reduced recharge
leading to saltwater intrusion
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Water Quality
Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO)
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to the
Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260)
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats KGI WS 5-year Action Agenda; KGI WS Action Plan; PC KI Basin
and derelict vessels
Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program; PCD Farm Plans;
PC Pet Waste Campaign; PC "Foil the Oil" Campaign; Pierce County
Onsite Sewage Management Plan
Steep, short streams, drain directly to Sound and to lakes and PC KI Basin Plan, KGI 5-Year Action Agenda
erosive soils
Land conversion to impervious surface, native vegetation
LID requirements in GH Community Plan, PC and KC SMP
removal, shoreline development
Amendments, PC KPI Basin Plan
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, point
Shellfish Partners; Burley-Minter and Filucy Bay Shellfish Protection
source discharges (including WDOH policy closures and
Districts, KGI WS 5-year Action Agenda; KGI WS Action Plan; PC KPI
WWTP process upsets)
Basin Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program; Pierce
County Onsite Sewage Management Plan
Nutrient loading from point and non-point sources
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Water Quality
Contaminated marine sediments
Dredge site disposal areas at Anderson and Ketron Islands
Limited; none
Water Quantity
Water Quantity
Increased stormwater, reduced recharge
leading to saltwater intrusion
Upland habitat alteration and loss
PC KPI Basin Plan; LID requirements in GH Community Plan, PC and
KC SMP Amendments
LID requirements in GH Community Plan
Water Quantity
Nearshore habitat alteration and loss
Land conversion to impervious surface, native vegetation
removal, shoreline development
Land conversion to impervious surface and native vegetation
removal
Shoreline armoring and development; over-water structures
Water Quantity
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Water Quantity
Habitat and Land Use
Loss of natural floodplain and wetland
functions
Sediment and embedded stream bottoms
and degraded surface waters
Increased stormwater, reduced recharge
leading to saltwater intrusion
Upland habitat alteration and loss
Habitat and Land Use
Nearshore habitat alteration and loss
Habitat and Land Use
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Habitat and Land Use
Habitat and Land Use
Loss of natural floodplain and wetland
functions
Contaminated marine sediments
Species and Biodiversity
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Species and Biodiversity
Water Quality
Water Quality
Habitat and Land Use
Habitat and Land Use
Cause
KPI Nearshore assessment, PC and KC SMP Amendments
Land conversion, roadway construction, fish passage barriers West Sound Watersheds WRIA 15 Lead Entity Strategy, KPI
Nearshore assessment
Land conversion, clearing, hydrology alteration
PC KPI Basin Plan-Acquisition Component
Steep, short streams, drain directly to Sound and to lakes and
erosive soils
Land conversion to impervious surface, native vegetation
removal, shoreline development
Land conversion to impervious surface and native vegetation
removal
Shoreline armoring and development; over-water structures
PC KI Basin Plan, KGI 5-Year Action Agenda
LID requirements in GH Community Plan, PC and KC SMP
Amendments, PC KPI Basin Plan
LID requirements in GH Community Plan
KPI Nearshore assessment, PC and KC SMP Amendments
Land conversion, roadway construction, fish passage barriers West Sound Watersheds WRIA 15 Lead Entity Strategy, KPI
Nearshore assessment
Land conversion, clearing, hydrology alteration
PC KPI Basin Plan-Acquisition Component
Dredge site disposal areas at Anderson and Ketron Islands
Limited; none
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats
and derelict vessels
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste
KGI WS 5-year Action Agenda; KGI WS Action Plan; PC KPI Basin
Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program; PCD Farm Plans;
PC Pet Waste Campaign; PC "Foil the Oil" Campaign; Pierce County
Onsite Sewage Management Plan
Shellfish Partners; Burley-Minter and Filucy Bay Shellfish Protection
Districts, KGI WS 5-year Action Agenda; KGI WS Action Plan; PC KPI
Basin Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program; Pierce
County Onsite Sewage Management Plan
Page 1 of 10
Table 1. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Threats, Causes, and Existing Programs by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to the
Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260)
Watershed
Partnership Goal
Key Threats
Cause
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Human Quality of Life
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats
and derelict vessels
KGI WS 5-year Action Agenda; KGI WS Action Plan; PC KPI Basin
Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program; PCD Farm Plans;
PC Pet Waste Campaign; PC "Foil the Oil" Campaign
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Human Quality of Life
Increased stormwater, reduced recharge
leading to saltwater intrusion
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Land conversion to impervious surface, native vegetation
removal, shoreline development
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, point
source discharges (including WDOH policy closures and
WWTP process upsets)
LID requirements in GH Community Plan, PC and KC SMP
Amendments, PC KPI Basin Plan
Shellfish Partners; Burley-Minter, Rocky Bay, and Filucy Bay Shellfish
Protection Districts, KGI WS 5-year Action Agenda; KGI WS Action
Plan; PC KPI Basin Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Program; Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management Plan
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Human Health
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats
and derelict vessels
Carr Inlet/Islands
(KGI)
Human Health
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, point
source discharges (including WDOH policy closures and
WWTP process upsets)
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Water Quality
Loss of beneficial uses of lakes
Nonpoint source pollution; disruption of natural hydrologic
regimes; onsite septic system failure; toxic algae blooms
KGI WS 5-year Action Agenda; KGI WS Action Plan; PC KPI Basin
Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program; PCD Farm Plans;
PC Pet Waste Campaign; PC "Foil the Oil" Campaign; Pierce County
Onsite Sewage Management Plan
Shellfish Partners; Burley-Minter and Filucy Bay Shellfish Protection
Districts, KGI WS 5-year Action Agenda; KGI WS Action Plan; PC KPI
Basin Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program; Pierce
County Onsite Sewage Management Plan
Chambers/Clover Action Plan; Chambers Clover WS 5-year Action
Agenda; Clover Creek Basin Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and
Loans Program; Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management Plan
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Water Quality
Disconnected and degraded groundwater
resources
Chambers/Clover 5-Year Action Agenda; USGS Model; Clover Creek
Basin Plan; Chambers/Clover Action Plan; South Tacoma
Groundwater Protection District
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Water Quality
Increased polluted stormwater runoff
Asphalted and realigned stream channels; lack of recharge
due to impervious surfaces; groundwater withdrawals;
nonpoint source pollution; sole source aquifer; water
diversions outside of watershed; pollution exacerbated by soil
conditions
High levels of impervious surfaces; low levels of infiltration
Water Quality
Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO)
Nutrient loading from point and non-point sources
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Water Quality
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats
and derelict vessels
Chambers/Clover Action Plan; Chambers Clover WS 5-year Action
Agenda; Clover Creek Basin Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and
Loans Program; Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management Plan
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Water Quantity
Disconnected and degraded groundwater
resources
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Water Quantity
Loss of natural floodplain and wetland
functions
Increased polluted stormwater runoff
Asphalted and realigned stream channels; lack of recharge
Chambers/Clover 5-Year Action Agenda; USGS Model; Clover Creek
due to impervious surfaces; groundwater withdrawals;
Basin Plan; Chambers/Clover Action Plan
nonpoint source pollution; sole source aquifer; water
diversions outside of watershed; pollution exacerbated by soil
conditions
Land conversion, clearing, hydrology alteration
PC Clover Creek Basin Plan
Human Quality of Life
Water Quantity
Water Quantity
High levels of impervious surfaces; low levels of infiltration
Flood response and damage reduction (incl. Channelization, impervous surface, loss of wetlands and
GW flooding)
floodplains
Page 2 of 10
PC Clover Creek Basin Plan; University Place Stormwater Plan
PC Clover Creek Basin Plan
PC Clover Creek Basin Plan; Tacoma Flood Emergency Response
Plan
Table 1. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Threats, Causes, and Existing Programs by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to the
Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260)
Watershed
Partnership Goal
Key Threats
Cause
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Habitat and Land Use
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Land conversion; roadway construction; dams and other fish
passage barriers; nonpoint source pollution
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Habitat and Land Use
Nearshore habitat alteration and loss
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Habitat and Land Use
Disruption of natural sediment transport
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Habitat and Land Use
Species and Biodiversity
Loss of natural floodplain and wetland
functions
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Shoreline armoring and development; disruption of natural
sediment transport by railroad mainline tracks from the
Narrows to the Nisqually delta
Dams at Chambers Creek and Morey Pond; disruption of
WRIA 10/12 Lead Entity Strategy; Morey Pond Bypass Capital
natural sediment transport by railroad mainline tracks from the Improvement Project
Narrows to the Nisqually delta
Land conversion, clearing, hydrology alteration
PC Clover Creek Basin Plan
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Human Quality of Life
Loss of beneficial uses of lakes
Nonpoint source pollution; disruption of natural hydrologic
regimes; onsite septic system failure; toxic algae blooms
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Human Quality of Life
Lack of public access to shorelines
Shoreline development; land use practices and regulations
WRIA 10/12 Lead Entity Strategy; Clover Creek Basin Plan;
Chambers/Clover Action Plan; Chambers Clover WS 5-year Action
Agenda
Chambers/Clover Action Plan; Chambers Clover WS 5-year Action
Agenda; Clover Creek Basin Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and
Loans Program
PC SMP Amendments, Chambers Creek Properties Master Plan
Human Quality of Life
Poor air quality
Wood stove use, industrial air emissions
Limited; none
Human Quality of Life
Flood response and damage reduction (incl. Channelization, impervous surface, loss of wetlands and
GW flooding)
floodplains
Loss of beneficial uses of lakes
Nonpoint source pollution; disruption of natural hydrologic
regimes; onsite septic system failure; toxic algae blooms
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Human Health
Disconnected and degraded groundwater
resources
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Nisqually River
Human Health
Poor air quality
Asphalted and realigned stream channels; lack of recharge
due to impervious surfaces; groundwater withdrawals;
nonpoint source pollution; sole source aquifer; water
diversions outside of watershed; pollution exacerbated by soil
conditions
Wood stove use, industrial air emissions
Limited; none
Water Quality
Increased polluted stormwater runoff
Conversion to impervious surfaces; reduction in infiltration
Nisqually River
Water Quality
Loss of beneficial uses of lakes
Nonpoint source pollution; onsite septic systems; invasive
species
Nisqually River
Water Quality
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, pointsource discharges
Nisqually River
Water Quality
Nisqually River
Water Quality
Loss of connection between surface and
groundwater
Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO)
Conversion fo impervious surfaces; reduction in infiltration;
groundwater withdrawals
Nutrient loading from point and non-point sources
Human Health
Land conversion; roadway construction; dams and other fish
passage barriers; nonpoint source pollution
Page 3 of 10
WRIA 10/12 Lead Entity Strategy; Clover Creek Basin Plan;
Chambers/Clover Action Plan; Chambers Clover WS 5-year Action
Agenda; University Place Open Space Plan; University Place Roads
ESA Program; Pierce County Roads ESA Program; Tacoma Open
Space Habitat Plan
WRIA 12, 11 and 13 Nearshore assessment; PC SMP Amendments;
SPS Low DO Study and Model
PC Clover Creek Basin Plan
Chambers/Clover Action Plan; Chambers Clover WS 5-year Action
Agenda; Clover Creek Basin Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and
Loans Program
Chambers/Clover 5-Year Action Agenda; USGS Model; Clover Creek
Basin Plan; Chambers/Clover Action Plan
Nisqually River Management Plan; Nisqually 2514 Watershed Plan;
PC Nisqually Basin Plan; McAllister / Eaton Creek Comprehensive
Drainage Basin Plan
Nisqually R Management Plan, Nisqually R Watershed Stewardship
Plan; PC Nisqually Basin Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program; Nisqually
2514 Watershed Plan
Nisqually River Management Plan, Nisqually River Watershed
Stewardship Plan, Nisqually Reach Shellfish Protection District,
Nisqually River Basin Fecal Coliform and Dissolved Oxygen TMDL
Nisqually 2514 Watershed Plan; PC Nisqually Basin Plan
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Table 1. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Threats, Causes, and Existing Programs by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to the
Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260)
Watershed
Partnership Goal
Key Threats
Cause
Nisqually River
Water Quality
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats
and derelict vessels
Nisqually River
Nisqually River
Water Quality
Water Quantity
Sea level rise at McAllister Creek
Increased polluted stormwater runoff
Global climate change
Conversion to impervious surfaces; reduction in infiltration
Nisqually River
Water Quantity
Land conversion, clearing, hydrology alteration
Nisqually River
Water Quantity
Loss of natural floodplain and wetland
functions
Flood response and damage reduction
Nisqually River
Water Quantity
Nisqually River
Nisqually River
Water Quantity
Habitat and Land Use
Nisqually River
Habitat and Land Use
Nisqually River
Habitat and Land Use
Loss of natural floodplain and wetland
functions
Upland habitat alteration and loss
Nisqually River
Habitat and Land Use
Nearshore habitat alteration and loss
Nisqually River
Habitat and Land Use
Disruption of natural sediment transport
Nisqually River
Habitat and Land Use
Nisqually River
Nisqually River
Habitat and Land Use
Species and Biodiversity
Loss of connection between surface and
groundwater
Sea level rise at McAllister Creek
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Nisqually River
Species and Biodiversity
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Nisqually River
Human Quality of Life
Loss of beneficial uses of lakes
Nonpoint source pollution; onsite septic systems; invasive
species
Nisqually River
Nisqually River
Human Quality of Life
Human Quality of Life
Nisqually River
Human Quality of Life
Lack of public access to shorelines
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Sea level rise at McAllister Creek
Shoreline development; land use practices and regulations
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, pointsource discharges
Global climate change and local subsidence
Loss of connection between surface and
groundwater
Sea level rise at McAllister Creek
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Development in floodway
Conversion of impervious surfaces; reduction in infiltration;
groundwater withdrawals
Global climate change and local subsidence
Degradation/loss of salmon habitat in estuarine, nearshore
and freshwater areas due to ditching, diking, loss of riparian
cover, and erosion; agriculture
Land conversion, clearing, hydrology alteration
Nisqually River Management Plan; Nisqually 2514 Watershed Plan;
PC Nisqually Basin Plan; Shellfish Partners; PC Septic Repair Grants
and Loans Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program;
Nisqually 2514 Watershed Plan, Nisqually Reach Shellfish Protection
District, Nisqually River Basin Fecal Coliform and Dissolved Oxygen
TMDL
Limited; none
Nisqually River Management Plan; Nisqually 2514 Watershed Plan;
PC Nisqually Basin Plan; McAllister / Eaton Creek Comprehensive
Drainage Basin Plan
PC Nisqually Basin Plan; TC Stormwater Program
PC Nisqually R Basin Plan; McAllister / Eaton Creek Comprehensive
Drainage Basin Plan
Nisqually 2514 Watershed Plan; PC Nisqually Basin Plan
Limited; none
Nisqually River Management Plan, Chinook Recovery Plan, Nisqually
Lead Entity Strategy; Nisqually 2514 Watershed Plan; PC Nisqually
Basin Plan
PC Nisqually Basin Plan; TC Stormwater Program
Land conversion to impervious surfaces; removal of native
vegetation; forestry practices; agriculture
Shoreline armoring and development; disruption of natural
sediment transport by railroad mainline tracks from the
Narrows to the Nisqually delta; onsite septic systems
Limited; none
Sediment disruption at Alder Dam; disruption of natural
sediment transport by railroad mainline tracks from the
Narrows to the Nisqually delta; land conversion; forestry
practices
Conversion fo impervious surfaces; reduction in infiltration;
groundwater withdrawals
Global climate change and local subsidence
Degradation/loss of salmon habitat in estuarine, nearshore
and freshwater areas due to ditching, diking, loss of riparian
cover, and erosion; agriculture
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, pointsource discharges
WRIA 12, 11 and 13 Nearshore assessment
Page 4 of 10
Shellfish Partners; PC SMP Amendments; TC SMP Amendments; PC
Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program; TC Septic Repair Grants
and Loans Program; Nisqually 2514 Watershed Plan
Nisqually 2514 Watershed Plan; PC Nisqually Basin Plan
Limited; none
Nisqually River Management Plan, Chinook Recovery Plan, Nisqually
Lead Entity Strategy; Nisqually 2514 Watershed Plan; PC Nisqually
Basin Plan
Nisqually River Management Plan, Nisqually River Watershed
Stewardship Plan; Nisqually Reach Shellfish Protection District Report
and Recommendations
Nisqually R Management Plan, Nisqually R Watershed Stewardship
Plan; PC Nisqually Basin Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program; Nisqually
2514 Watershed Plan
PC SMP Amendments, TC SMP Amendments
Nisqually River Management Plan, Nisqually River Watershed
Stewardship Plan
Limited; none
Table 1. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Threats, Causes, and Existing Programs by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to the
Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260)
Watershed
Partnership Goal
Key Threats
Cause
Nisqually River
Human Health
Loss of beneficial uses of lakes
Nonpoint source pollution; onsite septic systems; invasive
species
Nisqually River
Human Health
Henderson Inlet
Water Quality
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Henderson Inlet
Henderson Inlet
Water Quality
Water Quality
Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO)
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Henderson Inlet
Water Quality
Increased polluted stormwater runoff
Henderson Inlet
Water Quantity
Degraded groundwater resources
Henderson Inlet
Habitat and Land Use
Upland habitat alteration and loss
Henderson Inlet
Habitat and Land Use
Nearshore habitat alteration and loss
Henderson Inlet
Habitat and Land Use
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Henderson Inlet
Species and Biodiversity
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Henderson Inlet
Species and Biodiversity
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Henderson Inlet
Human Quality of Life
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Henderson Inlet
Henderson Inlet
Human Quality of Life
Human Health
Henderson Inlet
Human Health
Lack of public access to shorelines
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Nearshore habitat alteration and loss
Henderson Inlet
Human Health
Degraded groundwater resources
Budd Inlet
Water Quality
Loss of beneficial uses of lakes
Nisqually R Management Plan, Nisqually R Watershed Stewardship
Plan; PC Nisqually Basin Plan; PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program; Nisqually
2514 Watershed Plan
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, pointNisqually River Management Plan, Nisqually River Watershed
source discharges
Stewardship Plan
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, pointHenderson Inlet Watershed Action Plan; Henderson Bay Onsite O&M
source discharges (including WWTP process upsets)
Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program, Henderson
Inlet Shellfish Protection District, Henderson Inlet Fecal Coliform,
Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, pH Water Quality Improvement
Strategy
Nutrient loading from point and non-point sources
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats Henderson Inlet Watershed Action Plan; Henderson Bay Onsite O&M
and derelict vessels
Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program, Henderson
Inlet Shellfish Protection District, Henderson Inlet Fecal Coliform,
Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, pH Water Quality Improvement
Strategy
Conversion to impervious surfaces; reduction in infiltration
Henderson Inlet Watershed Action Plan; Henderson Bay Onsite O&M
Program; Woodland / Woodard Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin
Plan
Over-use; onsite septic systems; other contamination
Northern Thurston County Groundwater Management Plan;
Henderson Bay Onsite O&M Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and
Loans Program
Land conversion to impervious surfaces and native vegetation WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
removal; forestry practices; agriculture
Shoreline armoring and development; over-water structures; TC and Lacey SMP Amendments; Henderson Bay Onsite O&M
onsite septic systems
Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Land conversion; roadway construction; fish passage barriers; WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
nonpoint source pollution; removal of native vegetation in
riparian areas
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, point
Henderson Inlet Watershed Action Plan; Henderson Bay Onsite O&M
source discharges (including WDOH policy closures and
Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program; Henderson
WWTP process upsets)
Inlet Shellfish Protection District Report and Recommendations
Land conversion; roadway construction; fish passage barriers;
nonpoint source pollution; removal of native vegetation in
riparian areas
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, point
source discharges (including WDOH policy closures and
WWTP process upsets)
Shoreline development; land use practices and regulations
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, pointsource discharges
Shoreline armoring and development; over-water structures;
onsite septic systems
Over-use; onsite septic systems; other contamination
Nonpoint source pollution; onsite septic systems; invasive
species
Page 5 of 10
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
Henderson Inlet Watershed Action Plan; Henderson Bay Onsite O&M
Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
TC and Lacey SMP Amendments
Henderson Inlet Watershed Action Plan; Henderson Bay Onsite O&M
Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
TC, Lacey SMP Amendments; Henderson Bay Onsite O&M Program;
TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Northern Thurston County Groundwater Management Plan;
Henderson Bay Onsite O&M Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and
Loans Program
Budd Inlet/Deschutes Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair
Grants and Loans Program
Table 1. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Threats, Causes, and Existing Programs by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to the
Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260)
Watershed
Partnership Goal
Key Threats
Cause
Budd Inlet
Water Quality
Point source discharges
Budd Inlet
Water Quality
Potential process upsets, DOH policy
closures; Low DO
Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO)
Cooper Point Sewerage Management Plan; LOTT facility plan; SPS
Low DO Study and Model
Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) in Budd Inlet because of SPS Low DO Study and Model; Budd Inlet Watershed Action Plan; TC
point and non-point source pollution; onsite septic systems
Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Budd Inlet
Water Quality
Degraded groundwater resources
Over-use; onsite septic systems; other contamination
Budd Inlet
Budd Inlet
Budd Inlet
Water Quality
Water Quality
Water Quality
Degraded and sufficient gw supplies
Sea level rise in downtown Olympia
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Budd Inlet
Water Quantity
Degraded groundwater resources
Over use; contamination
Global climate change and local subsidence
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats
and derelict vessels
Over-use; onsite septic systems; other contamination
Budd Inlet
Water Quantity
Flood response and damage reduction
Development in floodway
Budd Inlet
Budd Inlet
Water Quantity
Habitat and Land Use
Sea level rise in downtown Olympia
Nearshore habitat alteration and loss
Budd Inlet
Habitat and Land Use
Upland habitat alteration and loss
Budd Inlet
Habitat and Land Use
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Budd Inlet
Habitat and Land Use
Budd Inlet
Habitat and Land Use
Disruption of natural sediment transport in
freshwater streams
Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO)
Global climate change and local subsidence
Point and nonpoint source pollution; urban bay
industrialization; toxics in urban harbors; intensive shoreline
re-development at Cooper Point and along Budd Inlet;
shoreline armoring
Land conversion to impervious surfaces and native vegetation Budd Inlet/Deschutes Watershed Action Plan; Percival Creek
removal; forestry practices; agriculture
Drainage Basin Plan; Chambers Creek - Ward/Hewitt Lake Creek
Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan
Land conversion; roadway construction; fish passage barriers WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy; Capital Lake Management Plan;
at Capitol Lake and elsewhere; nonpoint source pollution;
Percival Creek Drainage Basin Plan; Chambers Creek - Ward/Hewitt
removal of native vegetation in riparian areas; Indian/Moxley Lake Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan; Indian/Moxlie Creek
creek systems piped
Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan
Input of fine sediments in upper watershed
Budd Inlet / Deschutes River Watershed Action Plan
Budd Inlet
Budd Inlet
Habitat and Land Use
Species and Biodiversity
Sea level rise in downtown Olympia
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Budd Inlet
Human Quality of Life
Loss of beneficial uses of lakes
Budd Inlet
Human Quality of Life
Lack of public access to shorelines
Budd Inlet
Budd Inlet
Human Quality of Life
Human Health
Sea level rise in downtown Olympia
Loss of beneficial uses of lakes
Budd Inlet
Human Health
Degraded groundwater resources
Northern Thurston County Groundwater Management Plan;
Henderson Bay Onsite O&M Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and
Loans Program
Northern Thurston County Groundwater Management Plan
Olympia Sustainability Initiative
Budd Inlet/Deschutes Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair
Grants and Loans Program; Budd Inlet TMDL
Northern Thurston County Groundwater Management Plan;
Henderson Bay Onsite O&M Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and
Loans Program
Percival Creek Drainage Basin Plan; Chambers Creek - Ward/Hewitt
Lake Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan; Indian/Moxlie Creek
Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan
Olympia Sustainability Initiative
LOTT upgrade; Port of Olympia Cleanup; Port Property
Redevelopment; TC SMP Amendments; Olympia and Tumwater SMP
Amendments
Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) in Budd Inlet because of SPS Low DO Study and Model; Budd Inlet Watershed Action Plan; TC
point and non-point source pollution; onsite septic systems
Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Global climate change and local subsidence
Land conversion; roadway construction; fish passage barriers
at Capitol Lake and elsewhere; nonpoint source pollution;
removal of native vegetation in riparian areas; Indian/Moxley
creek systems piped
Nonpoint source pollution; onsite septic systems; invasive
species
Shoreline development; land use practices and regulations
Global climate change and local subsidence
Nonpoint source pollution; onsite septic systems; invasive
species
Over-use; onsite septic systems; other contamination
Page 6 of 10
Olympia Sustainability Initiative
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy; Capitol Lake Management Plan;
Percival Creek Drainage Basin Plan; Chambers Creek - Ward/Hewitt
Lake Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan; Indian/Moxlie Creek
Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan
Budd Inlet/Deschutes Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair
Grants and Loans Program
TC, Olympia and Tumwater SMP Amendments; Olympia SMP
Amendments
Olympia Sustainability Initiative
Budd Inlet/Deschutes Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair
Grants and Loans Program
Northern Thurston County Groundwater Management Plan;
Henderson Bay Onsite O&M Program; TC Septic Repair Grants and
Loans Program
Table 1. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Threats, Causes, and Existing Programs by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to the
Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260)
Watershed
Partnership Goal
Key Threats
Cause
Budd Inlet
Human Health
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Eld Inlet
Water Quality
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats
and derelict vessels
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste
Eld Inlet
Eld Inlet
Water Quality
Water Quality
Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO)
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Nutrient loading from point and non-point sources
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats
and derelict vessels
Eld Inlet
Water Quality
Increased polluted stormwater runoff
Eld Inlet
Eld Inlet
Water Quantity
Water Quantity
Eld Inlet
Habitat and Land Use
Flood response and damage reduction
Disconnected and degraded groundwater
resources
Nearshore habitat alteration and loss
Conversion to impervious surfaces; reduction in infiltration;
runoff from public roads and highways
Development in floodway
Lack of recharge due to impervious surfaces; groundwater
withdrawals
Shoreline armoring and development; onsite septic systems
Eld Inlet
Habitat and Land Use
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Eld Inlet
Species and Biodiversity
Eld Inlet
Human Quality of Life
Eld Inlet
Eld Inlet
Human Quality of Life
Human Health
Eld Inlet
Human Health
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Lack of public access to shorelines
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Nearshore habitat alteration and loss
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Water Quality
Land conversion; roadway construction; fish passage barriers;
nonpoint source pollution; removal of native vegetation in
riparian areas
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, pointsource discharges
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, pointsource discharges
Shoreline development; land use practices and regulations
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste
Shoreline armoring and development; onsite septic systems
Budd Inlet/Deschutes Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair
Grants and Loans Program; Budd Inlet TMDL
Eld Inlet Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Program; Totten, Eld and Little Skookum TMDL; Totten and Eld Inlets
Clean Water Projects
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Eld Inlet Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Program; Totten, Eld and Little Skookum TMDL; Totten and Eld Inlets
Clean Water Projects
Thurston Stormwater Program
Green Cove Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan
UNK
TC SMP Amendments; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
Eld Inlet Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Program; Totten, Eld and Little Skookum TMDL
Eld Inlet Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Program; Totten, Eld and Little Skookum TMDL
TC SMP Amendments; Olympia SMP Amendments
Eld Inlet Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Program; Totten, Eld and Little Skookum TMDL
TC SMP Amendments; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste
Totten/Little Skookum Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair
Grants and Loans Program; Mason County Onsite Sewage
Management Plan; Totten, Eld and Little Skookum TMDL; Shorebank
Onsite Grant and Loans Program; Totten and Eld Inlets Clean Water
Projects
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Totten/Little Skookum Water Quality
Inlet
Totten/Little Skookum Water Quality
Inlet
Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO)
Nutrient loading from point and non-point sources
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats
and derelict vessels
Eld Inlet Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Program; Totten, Eld and Little Skookum TMDL; Shorebank Onsite
Grant and Loan Program; Totten and Eld Inlets Clean Water Projects
Totten/Little Skookum
Inlet
Totten/Little Skookum
Inlet
Totten/Little Skookum
Inlet
Totten/Little Skookum
Inlet
Totten/Little Skookum
Inlet
Water Quality
Increased polluted stormwater runoff
Conversion fo impervious surfaces; reduction in infiltration
Totten/Little Skookum Watershed Action Plan
Water Quantity
Upland habitat alteration and loss
Water Quantity
Increased polluted stormwater runoff
Land conversion to impervious surfaces and native vegetation Totten/Little Skookum Watershed Action Plan; WRIA 13/14 Lead
removal; forestry practices; agriculture
Entity Strategy
Conversion fo impervious surfaces; reduction in infiltration
Totten/Little Skookum Watershed Action Plan
Habitat and Land Use
Upland habitat alteration and loss
Habitat and Land Use
Nearshore habitat alteration and loss
Land conversion to impervious surfaces and native vegetation Totten/Little Skookum Watershed Action Plan; WRIA 13/14 Lead
removal; forestry practices; agriculture
Entity Strategy
Shoreline armoring and development; onsite septic systems MC SMP Amendments; TC SMP Amendments; TC Septic Repair
Grants and Loans Program; Mason County Onsite Sewage
Management Plan
Page 7 of 10
Table 1. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Threats, Causes, and Existing Programs by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Watershed
Partnership Goal
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to the
Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260)
Key Threats
Cause
Totten/Little Skookum Habitat and Land Use
Inlet
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Totten/Little Skookum Habitat and Land Use
Inlet
Totten/Little Skookum Species and Biodiversity
Inlet
Disruption of natural sediment transport
Land conversion; roadway construction; railroad culverts and WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
other fish passage barriers; nonpoint source pollution;
removal of native vegetation in riparian areas
Railroad culverts on freshwater systems
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, pointsource discharges
Totten/Little Skookum Species and Biodiversity
Inlet
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Totten/Little Skookum Human Quality of Life
Inlet
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Totten/Little Skookum Human Quality of Life
Inlet
Totten/Little Skookum Human Health
Inlet
Lack of public access to shorelines
Totten/Little Skookum Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair
Grants and Loans Program; Mason County Onsite Sewage
Management Plan; Totten, Eld and Little Skookum TMDL; Shorebank
Onsite Grant and Loan Program
Land conversion; roadway construction; railroad culverts and WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
other fish passage barriers; nonpoint source pollution;
removal of native vegetation in riparian areas
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste
Totten/Little Skookum Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair
Grants and Loans Program; Mason County Onsite Sewage
Management Plan
Shoreline development; land use practices and regulations
MC SMP Amendments; TC SMP Amendments
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, pointsource discharges
Nearshore habitat alteration and loss
Shoreline armoring and development; onsite septic systems
Totten/Little Skookum Human Health
Inlet
Totten/Little Skookum Watershed Action Plan; TC Septic Repair
Grants and Loans Program; Mason County Onsite Sewage
Management Plan; Totten, Eld and Little Skookum TMDL; Shorebank
Onsite Grant and Loan Program
MC SMP Amendments; TC SMP Amendments; TC Septic Repair
Grants and Loans Program; Totten, Eld and Little Skookum TMDL
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Water Quality
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, pointsource discharges (including WWTP process upsets)
Oakland Bay Action Plan, Oakland Bay/Hammersley Inlet Watershed
Action Plan; Mason County Onsite Sewage Management Plan
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Water Quality
Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO)
Nutrient loading from point and non-point sources
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Water Quality
Increased polluted stormwater runoff
Oakland Bay/Hammersley Inlet Watershed Action Plan
Water Quality
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Conversion fo impervious surfaces; reduction in infiltration;
runoff from public roads and highways
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats
and derelict vessels
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Water Quality
Eutrophication
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Water Quality
Degraded groundwater resources
Nonpoint source pollution; discharges from wastewater
treatment plants and other point sources; transport of
pollutants within the SPS; marine transport of point source
pollution from adjacent action areas
Over-use; onsite septic systems; other contamination
Water Quality
Sea level rise in downtown Shelton
Global climate change and local subsidence
Limited; none
Water Quantity
Degraded groundwater resources
Over-use; onsite septic systems; other contamination
UNK
Water Quantity
Sea level rise in downtown Shelton
Global climate change and local subsidence
Limited; none
Habitat and Land Use
Upland habitat alteration and loss
Land conversion to impervious surfaces and native vegetation WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
removal; forestry practices; agriculture
Page 8 of 10
Oakland Bay Action Plan, Oakland Bay/Hammersley Inlet Watershed
Action Plan; Mason County Onsite Sewage Management Plan
UNK
Table 1. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Threats, Causes, and Existing Programs by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to the
Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260)
Watershed
Partnership Goal
Key Threats
Cause
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Habitat and Land Use
Nearshore habitat alteration and loss
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Habitat and Land Use
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Shoreline armoring and development; onsite septic systems; MC SMP Amendments; Port of Shelton/Oakland Bay Master Plan;
toxics in urban harbors; urban bay industrialization; loss of
Port Property Redevelopment; WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
forage fish habitat at Hammersley Inlet; point source
discharge
Land conversion; roadway construction; fish passage barriers; WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
nonpoint source pollution; removal of native vegetation in
riparian areas; loss of forage fish habitat at Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Habitat and Land Use
Sea level rise in downtown Shelton
Global climate change and local subsidence
Limited; none
Species and Biodiversity
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, pointsource discharges
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Human Quality of Life
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Human Quality of Life
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, point
source discharges (including WDOH policy closures and
WWTP process upsets)
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats
and derelict vessels
Oakland Bay Action Plan, Oakland Bay/Hammersley Inlet Watershed
Action Plan; Mason County Onsite Sewage Management Plan;
Shorebank Onsite Grant and Loan Program
Oakland Bay Action Plan, Oakland Bay/Hammersley Inlet Watershed
Action Plan; Shorebank Onsite Grant and Loan Program
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Human Quality of Life
Sea level rise in downtown Shelton
Global climate change and local subsidence
Limited; none
Human Quality of Life
Lack of public access to shorelines
Shoreline development; land use practices and regulations
Human Health
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Human Health
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, point
source discharges (including WDOH policy closures and
WWTP process upsets)
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats
and derelict vessels
Shelton SMP; MC SMP Amendments; Port of Shelton/Oakland Bay
Master Plan
Oakland Bay Action Plan, Oakland Bay/Hammersley Inlet Watershed
Action Plan; Mason County Onsite Sewage Management Plan;
Shorebank Onsite Grant and Loan Program
Oakland Bay Action Plan, Oakland Bay/Hammersley Inlet Watershed
Action Plan; Shorebank Onsite Grant and Loan Program
Over-use; onsite septic systems; other contamination
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, point
source discharges (including WDOH policy closures and
WWTP process upsets)
Nonpoint source pollution; discharges from wastewater
treatment plants and other point sources; transport of
pollutants within the SPS; marine transport of point source
pollution from adjacent action areas
Onsite systems; animal waste management; marinas, boats
and derelict vessels
Oakland Bay Action Plan, Oakland Bay/Hammersley Inlet Watershed
Action Plan; Mason County Onsite Sewage Management Plan
Human Health
Case Inlet/Pickering Water Quality
Passage
Degraded groundwater resources
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Water Quality
Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO)
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Water Quality
Biotoxins, pathogens, viruses
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Water Quality
Degraded groundwater resources
Over-use; onsite septic systems; other contamination
Case Inlet Shellfish Recovery Plan; Rocky Bay Shellfish Protection
District; Mason and Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management
Plans; Shorebank Onsite Grant and Loan Program
UNK
Water Quality
Increased polluted stormwater runoff
Conversion to impervious surfaces; reduction in infiltration
UNK
Water Quantity
Degraded groundwater resources
Over-use; onsite septic systems; other contamination
UNK
Water Quantity
Increased polluted stormwater runoff
Conversion to impervious surfaces; reduction in infiltration
UNK
Habitat and Land Use
Upland habitat alteration and loss
Land conversion to impervious surfaces and native vegetation WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy; West Sounds Watersheds Lead
removal; forestry practices; agriculture
Entity Strategy
Page 9 of 10
UNK
Case Inlet Shellfish Recovery Plan; Rocky Bay Shellfish Protection
District; Mason and Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management Plans
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Table 1. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Threats, Causes, and Existing Programs by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Watershed
Partnership Goal
Key Threats
Cause
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to the
Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260)
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Habitat and Land Use
Nearshore habitat alteration and loss
Shoreline armoring and development; onsite septic systems
MC SMP Amendments
Habitat and Land Use
Fish habitat alteration and loss
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy; West Sounds Watersheds Lead
Entity Strategy
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Species and Biodiversity
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Species and Biodiversity
Fish habitat alteration and loss
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Human Quality of Life
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Human Quality of Life
Lack of public access to shorelines
Land conversion; roadway construction; fish passage barriers;
nonpoint source pollution; removal of native vegetation in
riparian areas; alteration of instream habitat at Coulter Creek
and elsewhere
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, point
source discharges (including WDOH policy closures and
WWTP process upsets)
Land conversion; roadway construction; fish passage barriers;
nonpoint source pollution; removal of native vegetation in
riparian areas; alteration of instream habitat at Coulter Creek
and elsewhere
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, point
source discharges (including WDOH policy closures and
WWTP process upsets)
Shoreline development; land use practices and regulations
Human Health
Loss of private, recreational, commercial,
tribal shellfish harvest
Case Inlet Shellfish Recovery Plan; Rocky Bay Shellfish Protection
District; Mason and Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management Plans
Case Inlet/Pickering
Passage
Human Health
Degraded groundwater resources
Onsite systems, animal waste, marinas, boat waste, point
source discharges (including WDOH policy closures and
WWTP process upsets)
Over-use; onsite septic systems; other contamination
Page 10 of 10
Case Inlet Shellfish Recovery Plan; Rocky Bay Shellfish Protection
District; Mason and Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management Plans
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy; West Sounds Watersheds Lead
Entity Strategy
Case Inlet Shellfish Recovery Plan; Rocky Bay Shellfish Protection
District; Mason and Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management Plans
MC SMP Amendments
UNK
Table 2. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to
the Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260) by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Existing Watershed Programs that Address
or Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound
Watershed
(RCW 90.71.260)
Author/Owner
Kitsap County
Carr Inlet/Islands KC SMP Amendments
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
PC SMP Amendments
Pierce County
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
KPI Nearshore assessment
Pierce County
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
Burley-Minter Shellfish Protection Districts
Pierce/Kitsap Counties
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
Filucy Bay Shellfish Protection District
Pierce County
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program Pierce County
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
Shorebank Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Shorebank
(KGI)
Program
Carr Inlet/Islands
LID requirements in GH Community Plan
Pierce County
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
PCD Farm Plans
Pierce Conservation District
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
Juvenile Nearshore Salmonid Recovery
Squaxin Island Tribe
(KGI)
Analysis and Plan
Carr Inlet/Islands
Marine Based Sub-Basin Impervious Surface Squaxin Island Tribe
(KGI)
Assessment and Prioritization
Carr Inlet/Islands
West Sound Watersheds WRIA 15 Lead Entity West Sound Watershed (WRIA
(KGI)
Strategy
15) Lead Entity
Carr Inlet/Islands
PC "Foil the Oil" Campaign
Pierce County
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
Shellfish Partners
Pierce County
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
KGI WS 5-year Action Agenda
KGI Watershed Council
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
KGI WS Action Plan
Pierce County
(KGI)
Carr Inlet/Islands
PC Pet Waste Campaign
Pierce County
(KGI)
Tacoma-Pierce County Health
Carr Inlet/Islands
Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management
Department
(KGI)
Plan
Carr Inlet/Islands
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Washington Department of
(KGI)
Ecology
Carr Inlet/Islands
PC KPI Basin Plan
Pierce County
(KGI)
Key Peninsula, Islands
Nearshore
Burley-Minter watershed
Primary
Partnership Goal
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Human Health
Secondary
Partnership Goal
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Species and
Biodiversity
Water Quality
Filucy Bay watershed
Human Health
Water Quality
All unincorporated Pierce
County
Kitsap County
Human Health
Water Quality
Applicability
Kitsap County shorelines
Pierce County Shorelines
Unincorporated Gig Harbor
peninsula
All unincorporated Pierce
County
South Puget Sound
South Puget Sound
WRIA 15
All unincorporated Pierce
County
Key Peninsula, Gig Harbor,
Islands WS; Nisqually WS
Key Peninsula, Gig Harbor,
Islands WS
Key Peninsula, Gig Harbor,
Islands WS
All unincorporated Pierce
County
Pierce County
South Puget Sound
Key Peninsula, Gig Harbor,
Islands WS
Page 1 of 8
Human Health
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human Habitat and Land
Life
Use
Quality of Human Water Quality
Life
Species and
Habitat and Land
Biodiversity
Use
Species and
Habitat and Land
Biodiversity
Use
Species and
Habitat and Land
Biodiversity
Use
Water Quality
Quality of Human
Life
Water Quality
Species and
Biodiversity
Water Quality
Tertiary
Partnership Goal
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Quality of Human
Life
Water Quality
Quality of Human
Life
Water Quality
Water Quality
Water Quality
Quality of Human Water Quality
Life
Water Quality
Water Quantity
Water Quality
Habitat and Land
Use
Table 2. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to
the Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260) by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Watershed
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Existing Watershed Programs that Address
or Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound
(RCW 90.71.260)
Author/Owner
Applicability
PC SMP Amendments
Pierce County
Pierce County Shorelines
City of Tacoma Open Space Habitat and
Recreation Plan
City of University Place Parks, Recreation and
Open Space Plan
City of University Place Regional Roads
Maintenance ESA Program
Pierce County Regional Roads Maintenance
ESA Program
PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
City of Tacoma
City of Tacoma
City of University Place
City of University Place
City of University Place
City of University Place
Pierce County
Pierce County
Pierce County
Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management
Plan
Chambers Creek Properties Master Plan
Tacoma-Pierce County Health
Department
Pierce County
All unincorporated Pierce
County
Pierce County
Juvenile Nearshore Salmonid Recovery
Analysis and Plan
Marine Based Sub-Basin Impervious Surface
Assessment and Prioritization
Morey Pond Capital Improvement Project
Squaxin Island Tribe
Pierce County Chambers
Creek Properties
South Puget Sound
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
McChord AFB and Pierce
County
Pierce County (WRIA 10/12)
Lead Entity
South Puget Sound Salmon
Enhancement Group
Pierce County
McChord AFB
WRIA 10/12 Lead Entity Strategy
WRIA 12, 11 and 13 Nearshore assessment
Chambers-Clover Action Plan
Chambers-Clover WS 5-year Action Agenda
Primary
Secondary
Partnership Goal Partnership Goal
Tertiary
Partnership Goal
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Human Health
Water Quality
Human Health
Chambers-Clover WS
Quality of Human
Life
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Water Quality
Chambers-Clover WS
Water Quality
WRIAs 10 & 12
WRIA 11, 12, 13 Nearshore
Chambers-Clover Watershed
Council
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Washington Department of
Ecology
South Tacoma Groundwater Protection District City of Tacoma
South Puget Sound
Water Quality
South Tacoma
Water Quality
University Place Stormwater Plan
City of University Place
City of University Place
Water Quality
Clover Creek Basin Plan
Pierce County
Clover Creek Basin
Water Quantity
City of Tacoma Flood Emergency Response
Plan
City of Tacoma
City of Tacoma
Water Quantity
Page 2 of 8
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Water Quality
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Water Quality
Quality of Human
Life
Habitat and Land
Use
Table 2. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to
the Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260) by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Existing Watershed Programs that Address
or Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound
(RCW 90.71.260)
Author/Owner
Applicability
Primary
Secondary
Partnership Goal Partnership Goal
Chambers-Clover
Creek
Nisqually
USGS Chambers-Clover Groundwater Model
U.S. Geological Survey
Chambers-Clover WS
Water Quantity
PC SMP Amendments
Pierce County
Pierce County Shorelines
Nisqually
TC SMP Amendments
Thurston County
Thurston County Shorelines
Nisqually
WRIA 12, 11 and 13 Nearshore assessment
WRIA 11, 12, 13 Nearshore
Nisqually
PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
South Puget Sound Salmon
Enhancement Group
Pierce County
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Human Health
Nisqually
TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Thurston County
Nisqually
Nisqually River Management Plan
Nisqually
Nisqually River Watershed Stewardship Plan
Washington Department of
Ecology
Nisqually River Council
Nisqually
Nisqually
Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management
Plan
Nisqually Reach Shellfish Protection District
Report and Recommendations
Juvenile Nearshore Salmonid Recovery
Analysis and Plan
Marine Based Sub-Basin Impervious Surface
Assessment and Prioritization
Nisqually Lead Entity Strategy
Nisqually
Chinook Recovery Plan
Nisqually
Shellfish Partners
Pierce County, Tacoma-Pierce Key Peninsula, Gig Harbor,
County Health Department
Islands WS; Nisqually WS
Nisqually
TC Stormwater Program
Thurston County
Nisqually
Nisqually
Nisqually River Basin Fecal Coliform and
Dissolved Oxygen TMDL
Nisqually 2514 Watershed Plan
Nisqually
PC Nisqually Basin Plan
Watershed
Nisqually
Nisqually
Nisqually
Tacoma-Pierce County Health
Department
Thurston County
All unincorporated Pierce
County
All unincorporated Thurston
County
Nisqually Watershed
Nisqually Watershed
Pierce County
Squaxin Island Tribe
Thurston County Nisqually
Basin
South Puget Sound
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
Nisqually (WRIA 11) Lead
Entity
Nisqually Tribe
Nisqually Watershed
Nisqually Watershed
Human Health
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Species and
Biodiversity
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Water Quality
Water Quality
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human Water Quality
Life
Human Health
Water Quality
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Water Quality
Water Quality
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Species and
Biodiversity
Washington Department of
Ecology
Nisqually Tribe
All unincorporated Thurston
County
Nisqually Watershed
Water Quality
Nisqually Watershed
Water Quantity
Water Quality
Pierce County
Pierce County Nisqually Basin Water Quantity
Water Quality
Page 3 of 8
Tertiary
Partnership Goal
Quality of Human
Life
Water Quantity
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Table 2. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to
the Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260) by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Watershed
Nisqually
Existing Watershed Programs that Address
or Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound
(RCW 90.71.260)
Author/Owner
Applicability
Primary
Secondary
Partnership Goal Partnership Goal
Thurston County
McAllister watershed
Water Quantity
South Puget Sound
Water Quantity
Thurston County Shorelines
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Human Health
Nisqually
McAllister / Eaton Creek Comprehensive
Drainage Basin Plan
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Henderson Inlet
TC SMP Amendments
Washington Department of
Ecology
Thurston County
Henderson Inlet
Lacey SMP Amendments
City of Lacey
Lacey Shorelines
Henderson Inlet
Henderson Inlet Onsite O&M Program
Thurston County
Henderson Inlet WS
Henderson Inlet
TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Thurston County
Henderson Inlet
Henderson Inlet
Henderson Inlet Onsite O&M Program
Henderson Inlet Shellfish Protection District
Report and Recommendations
Juvenile Nearshore Salmonid Recovery
Analysis and Plan
Marine Based Sub-Basin Impervious Surface
Assessment and Prioritization
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
Thurston County
Thurston County
All unincorporated Thurston
County
Henderson watershed
Henderson Inlet WS
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
Mason/Thurston (WRIA 13/14)
Lead Entity
Thurston County
Washington Department of
Ecology
Washington Department of
Ecology
Thurston County
WRIAs 13 & 14
Henderson Inlet
Henderson Inlet
Henderson Inlet
Henderson Inlet
Henderson Inlet
Henderson Inlet
Henderson Inlet
Henderson Inlet Watershed Action Plan
Henderson Inlet Fecal Coliform, Dissolved
Oxygen, Temperature, pH TMDL
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Human Health
Human Health
Henderson Inlet WS
Henderson Inlet WS
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Water Quality
Water Quality
South Puget Sound
Water Quality
N. Thurston County
Water Quantity
Water Quantity
City of Olympia
Woodland/Woodard Creek
WS
City of Olympia Shorelines
Budd Inlet
Northern Thurston County Groundwater
Management Plan
Woodland / Woodard Creek Comprehensive
Drainage Basin Plan
Olympia SMP Amendments
Budd Inlet
TC SMP Amendments
Thurston County
Thurston County Shorelines
Budd Inlet
Tumwater SMP Amendments
City of Tumwater
Tumwater Shorelines
Budd Inlet
SIT/WDOE Deschutes Bank Erosion Report
Squaxin Island Tribe
Budd Inlet/Deschutes WS
Budd Inlet
TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Thurston County
All unincorporated Thurston
County
Henderson Inlet
Human Health
Thurston County
Page 4 of 8
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Human Health
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Water Quality
Water Quality
Tertiary
Partnership Goal
Water Quality
Water Quality
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Water Quality
Table 2. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to
the Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260) by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Watershed
Existing Watershed Programs that Address
or Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound
(RCW 90.71.260)
Author/Owner
Applicability
Budd Inlet
Port of Olympia Cleanup and Redevelopment
Port of Olympia
Port of Olympia
Budd Inlet
Olympia Sustainability Initiative
City of Olympia
City of Olympia
Budd Inlet
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
Budd Inlet
Juvenile Nearshore Salmonid Recovery
Analysis and Plan
Marine Based Sub-Basin Impervious Surface
Assessment and Prioritization
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
Budd Inlet
Deschutes Watershed Recovery Plan - Coho
Budd Inlet
Capitol Lake Adaptive Management Plan
Budd Inlet
Budd Inlet TMDL
Budd Inlet
Budd Inlet
Budd Inlet
Budd Inlet/Deschutes Watershed Action Plan
Cooper Point Sewerage Management Plan
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Budd Inlet
Chambers Creek - Ward/Hewitt Lake Creek
Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan
Budd Inlet
Budd Inlet
Indian/Moxlie Creek Comprehensive Drainage City of Olympia
Basin Plan
Northern Thurston County Groundwater
Thurston County
Management Plan
Percival Creek Drainage Basin Plan
Thurston County
Eld Inlet
TC SMP Amendments
Thurston County
Eld Inlet
TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Thurston County
Eld Inlet
Juvenile Nearshore Salmonid Recovery
Analysis and Plan
Marine Based Sub-Basin Impervious Surface
Assessment and Prioritization
McClane Creek EDT Analysis
Squaxin Island Tribe
All unincorporated Thurston
County
South Puget Sound
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
Squaxin Island Tribe
McClane Creek WS
Budd Inlet
Budd Inlet
Eld Inlet
Eld Inlet
Primary
Secondary
Partnership Goal Partnership Goal
Tertiary
Partnership Goal
Water Quality
Capitol Lake
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Water Quality
Budd Inlet
Water Quality
Budd Inlet/Deschutes WS
Budd and Eld Inlets
South Puget Sound
Water Quality
Water Quality
Water Quality
Chambers Creek Ward/Hewitt Lake Creek
Basins
Indian/Moxlie Creek Basin
Budd Inlet
Water Quantity
Thurston County - Percival
Creek Basin
Thurston County Shorelines
Water Quantity
Mason/Thurston (WRIA 13/14) WRIAs 13 & 14
Lead Entity
Squaxin Island Tribe
Budd Inlet/Deschutes WS
Washington Department of
General Administration
Washington Department of
Ecology
Thurston County
Thurston County
Washington Department of
Ecology
Thurston County
Page 5 of 8
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Quality of Human
Life
Habitat and Land
Us
Water Quantity
Quality of Human
Life
Habitat and Land
Us
Water Quantity
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Habitat and Land
Use
Human Health
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Water Quality
Table 2. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to
the Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260) by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Watershed
Existing Watershed Programs that Address
or Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound
(RCW 90.71.260)
Author/Owner
Applicability
Eld Inlet
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
WRIAs 13 & 14
Eld Inlet
Eld Inlet
Eld Inlet Watershed Action Plan
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Eld Inlet
Eld Inlet TMDL
Eld Inlet
Eld Inlet
Totten and Eld Inlets Clean Water Projects
Green Cove Creek Comprehensive Drainage
Basin Plan
MC SMP Amendments
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Hammersley Inlet
Eld Inlet WS
South Puget Sound
Species and
Biodiversity
Water Quality
Water Quality
Eld Inlet WS
Water Quality
Eld and Totten Inlets
Green Cove Creek Basin
Water Quality
Water Quantity
Mason County
Mason County Shorelines
TC SMP Amendments
Thurston County
Thurston County Shorelines
TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Thurston County
Shorebank Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Program
Juvenile Nearshore Salmonid Recovery
Analysis and Plan
Marine Based Sub-Basin Impervious Surface
Assessment and Prioritization
Skookum Creek EDT Analysis
Mason County
All unincorporated Thurston
County
Mason County
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Human Health
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
Squaxin Island Tribe
Skookum Creek WS
Mason/Thurston (WRIA 13/14)
Lead Entity
Washington Department of
Ecology
Mason County Health
Department
Washington Department of
Ecology
Thurston County
WRIAs 13 & 14
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Mason County Onsite Sewage Management
Plan
Skookum Creek TMDL
Totten and Eld Inlets Clean Water Projects
Totten Inlet TMDL
Mason/Thurston (WRIA 13/14)
Lead Entity
Thurston County
Washington Department of
Ecology
Washington Department of
Ecology
Thurston County
Thurston County
Primary
Secondary
Partnership Goal Partnership Goal
South Puget Sound
Pierce County
Human Health
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Water Quality
Habitat and Land
Use
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Skookum Creek WS
Quality of Human Water Quality
Life
Water Quality
Eld and Totten Inlets
Water Quality
Totten/Little Skookum WS
Water Quality
Totten/Little Skookum Watershed Action Plan
Washington Department of
Ecology
Mason and Thurston Counties
Totten/Little Skookum WS
Water Quality
MC SMP Amendments
Mason County
Mason County Shorelines
Habitat and Land
Use
Page 6 of 8
Tertiary
Partnership Goal
Quality of Human
Life
Water Quality
Water Quality
Table 2. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to
the Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260) by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Watershed
Existing Watershed Programs that Address
or Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound
(RCW 90.71.260)
Author/Owner
Oakland Bay/
Port of Shelton Strategic Plan and Port
Hammersley Inlet Redevelopment
Oakland Bay/
Shelton SMP Amendments
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Oakland Bay and Hammersley Inlet Nearshore
Hammersley Inlet Habitat Assessment
Oakland Bay/
Shorebank Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Hammersley Inlet Program
Oakland Bay/
Johns/Goldsborough Creek EDT Analysis
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Juvenile Nearshore Salmonid Recovery
Hammersley Inlet Analysis and Plan
Oakland Bay/
Marine Based Sub-Basin Impervious Surface
Hammersley Inlet Assessment and Prioritization
Oakland Bay/
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Oakland Bay Action Plan
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Johns/Cranberry/Mill Creek TMDL
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Mason County Onsite Sewage Management
Hammersley Inlet Plan
Oakland Bay/
Oakland Bay TMDL
Hammersley Inlet
Oakland Bay/
Oakland Bay/Hammersley Inlet Watershed
Hammersley Inlet Action Plan
Oakland Bay/
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Hammersley Inlet
MC SMP Amendments
Case Inlet/
Pickering Passage
Case Inlet/
Pickering Passage
Case Inlet/
Pickering Passage
Case Inlet/
Pickering Passage
Case Inlet/
Pickering Passage
Juvenile Nearshore Salmonid Recovery
Analysis and Plan
Marine Based Sub-Basin Impervious Surface
Assessment and Prioritization
Case Inlet Shellfish Recovery Plan
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
Applicability
Port of Shelton
Primary
Secondary
Partnership Goal Partnership Goal
Port of Shelton
Mason County
Habitat and Land
Use
City of Shelton Shorelines
Habitat and Land
Use
Oakland Bay/Hammersley WS Habitat and Land
Use
Mason County
Human Health
Squaxin Island Tribe
Skookum Creek WS
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
City of Shelton
Squaxin Island Tribe
Mason/Thurston (WRIA 13/14) WRIAs 13 & 14
Lead Entity
Mason County
Oakland Bay WS
Washington Department of
Ecology
Mason County Health
Department
Washington Department of
Ecology
Mason County
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Water Quality
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Species and
Biodiversity
Quality of Human
Life
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Species and
Biodiversity
Tertiary
Partnership Goal
Water Quality
Oakland Bay/Hammersley WS Water Quality
Pierce County
Oakland Bay WS
Quality of Human Water Quality
Life
Water Quality
Oakland Bay/Hammersley WS Water Quality
Washington Department of
Ecology
Mason County
South Puget Sound
Water Quality
Mason County Shorelines
Habitat and Land
Use
Quality of Human
Life
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
Mason County
Mason County portion of inlet
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
Water Quality
Mason/Thurston (WRIA 13/14) WRIAs 13 & 14
Lead Entity
Page 7 of 8
Habitat and Land
Use
Human Health
Table 2. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to
the Health of Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260) by Partnership Goal and Watershed
Watershed
Case Inlet/
Pickering Passage
Case Inlet/
Pickering Passage
Case Inlet/
Pickering Passage
Case Inlet/
Pickering Passage
Case Inlet/
Pickering Passage
Existing Watershed Programs that Address
or Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound
(RCW 90.71.260)
Author/Owner
Mason County Onsite Sewage Management
Plan
Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management
Plan
Shorebank Septic Repair Grants and Loans
Program
Rocky Bay Shellfish Protection District
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Applicability
Pierce County
Primary
Secondary
Partnership Goal Partnership Goal
Mason County Health
Department
Tacoma-Pierce County Health
Department
Shorebank
Kitsap and Mason Counties
Pierce County
Rocky Bay watershed
Quality of Human Water Quality
Life
Quality of Human Water Quality
Life
Human Health
Quality of Human
Life
Human Health
Water Quality
Washington Department of
Ecology
South Puget Sound
Water Quality
Pierce County
Page 8 of 8
Tertiary
Partnership Goal
Water Quality
Table 3. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Action Area Rollup of Programs by
Partnership Goal
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or
Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound (RCW
90.71.260)
KC SMP Amendments
Author/Owner
Kitsap County
KPI Nearshore assessment
Pierce County
MC SMP Amendments
Mason County
Oakland Bay and Hammersley Inlet Nearshore Habitat
Assessment
Olympia SMP Amendments
Squaxin Island Tribe
City of Olympia
PC SMP Amendments
Pierce County
Lacey SMP Amendments
City of Lacey
Tumwater SMP Amendments
City of Olympia
Port of Shelton Strategic Plan and Port Redevelopment
Port of Shelton
Tacoma Open Space Habitat and Recreation Plan
City of Tacoma
Primary
#
Partnership Goal Programs
Habitat and Land
1
Use
Key Peninsula, Islands
Habitat and Land
1
Nearshore
Use
Mason County Shorelines
Habitat and Land
1
Use
Oakland Bay/Hammersley WS Habitat and Land
1
Use
City of Olympia Shorelines
Habitat and Land
1
Use
Pierce County Shorelines
Habitat and Land
1
Use
City of Lacey Shorelines
Habitat and Land
1
Use
City of Tumwater Shorelines Habitat and Land
1
Use
Port of Shelton
Habitat and Land
1
Use
City of Tacoma
Habitat and Land
1
Use
City of University Place
Habitat and Land
1
Use
City of University Place
Habitat and Land
1
Use
Pierce County
Habitat and Land
1
Use
City of Shelton Shorelines
Habitat and Land
1
Use
Budd Inlet/Deschutes WS
Habitat and Land
1
Use
Applicability
Kitsap County shorelines
University Place Parks Recreation and Open Space Plan City of University Place
University Place Regional Roads Maintenance ESA
Program
Pierce County Regional Roads Maintenance ESA
Program
Shelton SMP Amendments
City of University Place
City of Shelton
SIT/WDOE Deschutes Bank Erosion Report
Squaxin Island Tribe
Pierce County
Page 1 of 7
Table 3. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Action Area Rollup of Programs by
Partnership Goal
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or
Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound (RCW
90.71.260)
Author/Owner
Applicability
TC SMP Amendments
Thurston County
Thurston County Nearshore
WRIA 12, 11 and 13 Nearshore assessment
South Puget Sound Salmon
Enhancement Group
WRIA 11, 12, 13 Nearshore
Primary
#
Partnership Goal Programs
Habitat and Land
Use
Habitat and Land
Use
subtotal
1
1
17
Burley-Minter Shellfish Protection Districts
Pierce/Kitsap Counties
Burley-Minter watershed
Human Health
1
Filucy Bay Shellfish Protection District
Pierce County
Filucy Bay watershed
Human Health
1
Nisqually Reach Shellfish Protection District Report and
Recommendations
Henderson Inlet Onsite O&M Program
Thurston County
Human Health
1
Thurston County
Thurston County Nisqually
Basin
Henderson Inlet WS
Human Health
1
PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Pierce County
Human Health
1
TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Thurston County
Rocky Bay Shellfish Protection District
Henderson Inlet Shellfish Protection District Report and
Recommendations
Shorebank Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Human Health
1
Pierce County
Thurston County
All unincorporated Pierce
County
All unincorporated Thurston
County
Rocky Bay watershed
Henderson Inlet WS
Human Health
Human Health
1
1
Shorebank
Mason and Kitsap Counties
Human Health
1
6
Chambers Creek Properties Master Plan
Pierce County
LID requirements in GH Community Plan
Pierce County
Pierce County Chambers
Creek Properties
Unincorporated Gig Harbor
peninsula
Page 2 of 7
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
1
1
Table 3. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Action Area Rollup of Programs by
Partnership Goal
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or
Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound (RCW
90.71.260)
Author/Owner
Applicability
Nisqually Watershed
Nisqually River Watershed Stewardship Plan
Washington Department of
Ecology
Nisqually River Council
Nisqually Watershed
Olympia Sustainability Initiative
City of Olympia
City of Olympia
PCD Farm Plans
Pierce Conservation District
Port of Olympia Cleanup and Redevelopment
Port of Olympia
All unincorporated Pierce
County
Port of Olympia
Nisqually River Management Plan
Case Inlet Shellfish Recovery Plan
Mason County
Mason County portion of inlet
Chinook Recovery Plan
Nisqually Tribe
Nisqually Watershed
Deschutes Watershed Recovery Plan - Coho
Squaxin Island Tribe
Budd Inlet/Deschutes WS
Johns/Goldsborough Creek EDT Analysis
Squaxin Island Tribe
Skookum Creek WS
Juvenile Nearshore Salmonid Recovery Analysis and
Plan
Marine Based Sub-Basin Impervious Surface
Assessment and Prioritization
McClane Creek EDT Analysis
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
Squaxin Island Tribe
South Puget Sound
Squaxin Island Tribe
McClane Creek WS
McChord AFB and Pierce
County
McChord AFB
Morey Pond Capital Improvement Project
Page 3 of 7
Primary
#
Partnership Goal Programs
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
Quality of Human
Life
1
subtotal
7
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Table 3. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Action Area Rollup of Programs by
Partnership Goal
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or
Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound (RCW
90.71.260)
Nisqually Lead Entity Strategy
Skookum Creek EDT Analysis
West Sound Watersheds WRIA 15 Lead Entity Strategy
WRIA 10/12 Lead Entity Strategy
WRIA 12, 11 and 13 Nearshore assessment
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
Budd Inlet TMDL
Budd Inlet/Deschutes Watershed Action Plan
Capitol Lake Adaptive Management Plan
Chambers-Clover Action Plan
Chambers-Clover WS 5-year Action Agenda
Author/Owner
Applicability
Nisqually (WRIA 11) Lead
Entity
Squaxin Island Tribe
WRIA 11
West Sound Watershed (WRIA
15) Lead Entity
Pierce County (WRIA 10/12)
Lead Entity
South Puget Sound Salmon
Enhancement Group
Mason/Thurston (WRIA 13/14)
Lead Entity
Washington Department of
Ecology
Thurston County
Washington Department of
General Administration
Pierce County
Primary
#
Partnership Goal Programs
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
Species and
Biodiversity
subtotal
14
Budd Inlet
Water Quality
1
Budd Inlet/Deschutes WS
Capitol Lake
Water Quality
Water Quality
1
1
Chambers-Clover WS
Water Quality
1
Chambers-Clover WS
Water Quality
1
Skookum Creek WS
WRIA 15
WRIAs 10 & 12
WRIA 11, 12, 13 Nearshore
WRIAs 13 & 14
1
1
1
1
1
1
Nisqually River Basin Fecal Coliform Bacteria and
Dissolved Oxygen TMDL
Cooper Point Sewerage Management Plan
Chambers-Clover Watershed
Council
Washington Department of
Ecology
Thurston County
Nisqually Watershed
Water Quality
1
Budd and Eld Inlets
Water Quality
1
South Tacoma Groundwater Protection District
City of Tacoma
South Tacoma
Water Quality
1
Page 4 of 7
Table 3. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Action Area Rollup of Programs by
Partnership Goal
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or
Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound (RCW
90.71.260)
Author/Owner
Applicability
Primary
#
Partnership Goal Programs
University Place Stormwater Plan
City of University Place
University Place
Water Quality
1
Totten, Eld and Little Skookum TMDL
Eld Inlet WS
Water Quality
1
Totten and Eld Inlets Clean Water Projects
Washington Department of
Ecology
Thurston County
Totten and Eld Inlets
Water Quality
1
Eld Inlet Watershed Action Plan
Thurston County
1
Henderson Inlet Fecal Coliform, Dissolved Oxygen,
Temperature, pH TMDL
Henderson Inlet Watershed Action Plan
Johns/Cranberry/Mill Creek TMDL
1
Henderson Inlet WS
Water Quality
Oakland Bay/Hammersley WS Water Quality
1
1
KGI WS 5-year Action Agenda
Washington Department of
Ecology
Thurston County
Washington Department of
Ecology
KGI Watershed Council
Eld and Totten/Little Skookum Water Quality
WS
Henderson Inlet WS
Water Quality
Water Quality
1
KGI WS Action Plan
Pierce County
Water Quality
1
Oakland Bay Action Plan
Mason County
Key Peninsula, Gig Harbor,
Islands WS
Key Peninsula, Gig Harbor,
Islands WS
Oakland Bay WS
Water Quality
1
Oakland Bay TMDL
Oakland Bay WS
Water Quality
1
Oakland Bay/Hammersley Inlet Watershed Action Plan
Washington Department of
Ecology
Mason County
Oakland Bay/Hammersley WS Water Quality
1
PC "Foil the Oil" Campaign
Pierce County
Water Quality
1
PC Pet Waste Campaign
Pierce County
Water Quality
1
Shellfish Partners
Pierce County
All unincorporated Pierce
County
All unincorporated Pierce
County
Key Peninsula, Gig Harbor,
Islands WS; Nisqually WS
Water Quality
1
Page 5 of 7
Table 3. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Action Area Rollup of Programs by
Partnership Goal
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or
Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound (RCW
90.71.260)
Author/Owner
Applicability
Primary
#
Partnership Goal Programs
Skookum Creek WS
Water Quality
1
South Puget Sound
Water Quality
1
TC Stormwater Program
Washington Department of
Ecology
Washington Department of
Ecology
Thurston County
Water Quality
1
Totten/Little Skookum Watershed Action Plan
Mason and Thurston Counties
All unincorporated Thurston
County
Totten/Little Skookum WS
Water Quality
1
Skookum Creek TMDL
SPS Low DO Study and Model
subtotal
Chambers Creek - Ward/Hewitt Lake Creek
Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan
Thurston County
Tacoma Flood Emergency Response
Clover Creek Basin Plan
City of Tacoma
Pierce County
27
Chambers Creek Ward/Hewitt Lake Creek
Basins
City of Tacoma
Clover Creek Basin
Water Quantity
1
Water Quantity
Water Quantity
1
1
Green Cove Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan Thurston County
Green Cove Creek Basin
Water Quantity
1
Indian/Moxlie Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin
City of Olympia
Plan
McAllister / Eaton Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin Thurston County
Plan
Nisqually 2514 Watershed Plan
Nisqually Tribe
Indian/Moxlie Creek Basin
Water Quantity
1
McAllister watershed
Water Quantity
1
Nisqually Watershed
Water Quantity
1
Thurston County
Budd Inlet
Water Quantity
1
Thurston County
N. Thurston County
Water Quantity
1
Pierce County
Key Peninsula, Gig Harbor,
Islands WS
Water Quantity
1
Northern Thurston County Groundwater Management
Plan
Northern Thurston County Groundwater Management
Plan
PC KPI Basin Plan
Page 6 of 7
Table 3. South Puget Sound Action Agenda Basis: Action Area Rollup of Programs by
Partnership Goal
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or
Contribute to the Health of Puget Sound (RCW
90.71.260)
Author/Owner
Applicability
PC Nisqually Basin Plan
Pierce County
Pierce County Nisqually Basin Water Quantity
1
Percival Creek Drainage Basin Plan
Thurston County
Water Quantity
1
SPS Low DO Study and Model
Washington Department of
Ecology
U.S. Geological Survey
Thurston County - Percival
Creek Basin
South Puget Sound
Water Quantity
1
Chambers-Clover WS
Water Quantity
1
Woodland/Woodard Creek
WS
Water Quantity
1
USGS Chambers-Clover Groundwater Model
Woodland / Woodard Creek Comprehensive Drainage
Basin Plan
Thurston County
Primary
#
Partnership Goal Programs
subtotal
TOTAL
Page 7 of 7
15
86
Table 4. South Puget Sound Action Agenda
Basis: List of Existing Watershed Programs
Existing Watershed Programs that Address or Contribute to the Health of
Puget Sound (RCW 90.71.260)
KGI
Watershed Council 5-year Action Agenda
Carr/Islands
KGI WS Action Plan
PC KPI Basin Plan
PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
PCD Farm Plans
PC Pet Waste Campaign
PC "Foil the Oil" Campaign
Mason and Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management Plans
PC SMP Amendments
LID requirements in GH Community Plan
KC SMP Amendments
KPI Nearshore Assessment
Shellfish Partners
Burley-Minter Shellfish Protection District
Filucy Bay Shellfish Protection District
West Sound Watersheds WRIA 15 Lead Entity Strategy
WDOE SPS Low DO Study and Model
Chambers-Clover CPC Chambers/Clover Action Plan
PC SMP Amendments
PC Clover Creek Basin Plan
PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
PC Morey Pond Capital Improvement Project
PC Chambers Creek Properties Master Plan
USGS WRIA 12 Groundwater Model
Shellfish Partners
WRIA 12, 11 and 13 Nearshore assessment
Chambers-Clover Watershed Council 5-year Action Agenda
Flow Transfer Feasibility Study
Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management Plan
South Tacoma Groundwater Protection District
Tacoma Flood Response Plan
Tacoma Open Space and Rec Plan
University Place Stormwater Plan
University Place Parks, Rec and Open Space Plan
University Place Roads Maintenance ESA Program
Pierce County Roads Maintenance ESA Program
WDOE SPS Low DO Study and Model
WRIA 10/12 Lead Entity Strategy
Nisqually River
Nisqually River Management Plan
Chinook Recovery Plan
Nisqually Lead Entity Strategy
Nisqually 2514 Watershed Plan
Nisqually River Watershed Stewardship Plan
Nisqually Reach Shellfish Protection District
Nisqually River Basin Fecal Coliform and Dissolved Oxygen Water Quality Improve
Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management Plan
PC Nisqually Basin Plan
Watershed
Henderson Inlet
Budd Inlet
Eld Inlet
Totten/Little
Skookum Inlets
PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
PC SMP Amendments
McAllister / Eaton Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan
Shellfish Partners
TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
TC SMP Amendments
WRIA 12, 11 and 13 Nearshore assessment
WDOE SPS Low DO Study and Model
TC Henderson Inlet Watershed Action Plan
TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Henderson Bay Onsite O&M Program
Henderson Inlet Shellfish Protection District
Henderson Inlet Fecal Coliform, Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, pH TMDL
Woodland / Woodard Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan
Northern Thurston County Groundwater Management Plan
TC and Lacey SMP Amendments
WDOE SPS Low DO Study and Model
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
LOTT upgrade
Port of Olympia Cleanup
Port Property Redevelopment
Percival Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan
TC SMP Amendments
TC, Olympia and Tumwater SMP Amendments
Olympia Sustainability Initiative
Cooper Point Sewerage Management Plan
Chambers Creek - Ward/Hewitt Lake Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan
Indian/Moxlie Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan
TC Budd Inlet Watershed Action Plan
WRIA 13/14 Lead
Entity Strategy
Capital Lake Management Plan
TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
WDOE SPS Low DO Study and Model
WDOE Budd Inlet TMDL
TC Eld Inlet Watershed Action Plan
TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
Totten and Eld Clean Water Projects
Green Cove Creek Comprehensive Drainage Basin Plan
TC SMP Amendments
WDOE SPS Low DO Study and Model
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
TC Totten/Little Skookum Watershed Action Plan
TC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
TC SMP Amendments
MC SMP Amendments
Totten and Eld Clean Water Projects
Mason County Onsite Sewage Management Plan
Shorebank Onsite Grant and Loan Program
WDOE SPS Low DO Study and Model
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
Oakland
Bay/Hammersley
Inlet
Case/Pickering
Inlet
MC Oakland Bay Action Plan
MC Oakland Bay/Hammersley Inlet Watershed Action Plan
MC SMP Amendments
Port of Shelton Strategic Plan
Mason County Onsite Sewage Management Plan
Port Property Redevelopment
Shorebank Onsite Grant and Loan Program
WDOE SPS Low DO Study and Model
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
Case Inlet Shellfish Recovery Plan
MC and PC SMP Amendments
WDOE SPS Low DO Study and Model
WRIA 13/14 Lead Entity Strategy
Rocky Bay Shellfish Protection District
KGI Watershed Council 5-year Action Agenda
KGI WS Action Plan
Shorebank Onsite Grant and Loan Program
PC KPI Basin Plan
PC Septic Repair Grants and Loans Program
PCD Farm Plans
PC Pet Waste Campaign
PC "Foil the Oil" Campaign
West Sound Watersheds WRIA 15 Lead Entity Strategy
Shellfish Partners
Mason and Pierce County Onsite Sewage Management Plans
South Puget Sound Action Area
Results of SPS Ecological Health Workshop
Pierce County Environmental Services Building
February 27, 2008 – 9:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.
List of Attendees
South Puget Sound Characterization
Ecological Threats by Watershed Area
South Puget Sound Wide
Totten/Little Skookum
Eld Inlet
Henderson Bay
Budd Inlet
Oakland Bay/Hammersley Inlet
Pickering/Case Inlet
Key Peninsula/Islands
Chambers/Clover Creek
Nisqually
Issue “Hot Spots” (Greatest Ecological Threats)
High Success Programs
Other Needed Programs or Changes
Research Needs
Miscellaneous/Other Considerations
List of Attendees
Dan Pentilla – Washington Dept. of Fish & Wildlife
Patti Miller-Crowley – Port of Shelton
Steven Morrison – Thurston Regional Planning Council
Ray Hanowell – Tacoma-Pierce County Health Dept.
Dan Wrye – Pierce County/ECB
Mark Swartout – Thurston County
Scott Redman – Puget Sound Partnership
River Wan – Pierce County
Sanders Freed – The Nature Conservancy
Christopher Ellings – Nisqually Nat’l Wildlife Reserve
Barb Wood – Thurston County
David Troutt – Nisqually Tribe
Lorin Reinelt – Pierce County
Kris Phelps – Nisqually Tribe
Debby Hyde – Pierce County
Melissa Paulson – Pierce County
Kathy Taylor – Washington Dept. of Ecology
Patrick Dunn – The Nature Conservancy
Tom Kantz – Pierce County
Leslie Ann Rose – Citizens for a Healthy Bay
Tim Quinn – Washington Dept. of Fish & Wildlife
Amy Hatch-Winecka – Thurston CD/Mason CD
Scott Steltzner – Squaxin Tribe
Chad Stussy – Washington Dept. of Fish & Wildlife
Kristin Williamson – SPS Salmon Enhancement Group
Sue Davis – Thurston County
John Konovsky – Squaxin Tribe
Jeanette Dorner – Nisqually Tribe
Mindy Roberts – Washington Dept. of Ecology
Rob Lowe – Pierce County
Chris Schutz – Pierce County
Pat Serie – EnviroIssues
1
South Puget Sound Characterization
• Physical setting in SPS: Ecological characteristics have influence on issues (e.g., tidal exchange,
terminal estuaries, DO in Carr Inlet); Western half of SPS has low levels of impervious surfaces
(Coulter, Skookum have less than 5% impervious surfaces); Conservation and restoration
opportunities also exist on SPS Islands; Different types of stream systems in SPS require different
management strategies, especially for habitat (Nisqually – snowmelt system, Deshcutes –
combination, most else are lowland precipitation-driven systems); The diversity of small stream
systems distinguishes SPS from other action areas.
• Low DO: Long residence time and summertime nutrient loading resulting from natural
conditions and hydrology in SPS contribute to low DO levels
• Pollution: There is a threat of marine transport of point source pollution from the South Central
Puget Sound Action Area; Fort Lewis wastewater treatment plant is regulated directly by EPA
and has a history of water quality violations due to inflow and infiltration (“I & I”)
noncompliance; Ecology’s SPS DO study and modeling shows nitrogen loading to be primarily
from rivers (stormwater runoff) during high flow periods and primarily from WWTPs during low
flow periods.
• Shellfish: Shellfish are an indicator of greater water quality and ecological health; WDOH
shellfish closures restrict access of both the general public and tribes; closures have a nonlinear
effect throughout the SPS region; both science and policy exacerbate this problem; pathogens are
a dominant threat to shellfish, although the threat is not always a discrete problem with one
solution, but is connected to other issues (e.g., DO)
• Seabirds: NRNC has data; many populations are transient/migratory; seabirds do respond
positively to shoreline restoration activities; need for seabird populations to not be disconnected
from forage fish areas
• Salmon: Capitol Lake, Upper Deschutes watersheds are key coho areas; Summer rearing
temperatures for Coho and steelhead are of concern throughout SPS; Oakland Bay is one of the
most “pristine” summer rearing areas in SPS
• Forage fish: No remaining “pristine” (“intact”) FF habitat remains in SPS; SPS a core area for
forage fish in PS (regional significance); Naturally small stocks are well-documented in
Hammersley, Wollochet, Mayo Cove.
o Populations are somewhat resilient to habitat loss, with a threshold for density dependent
species characteristics; impacts can be masked by natural conditions (temp, weather, climate
change); not all “suitable” spawning habitats in SPS are utilized by forage fish (“why” is
unknown); don’t know homing mechanism (“how” or “if”). Habitat needs in SPS:
ƒ Surf smelt – ~100 miles of shoreline (pelagic species; high intertidal substrate spawner)
ƒ Pacific sandlance – throughout SPS (pelagic species; mid intertidal substrate spawner)
ƒ Northern anchovie – Case Inlet spawning 2007
ƒ California sardines – new to SPS
ƒ American shad – may appear in the SPS in the future
ƒ Herring – utilize red algal turfs as spawning habitat (pelagic species; low intertidal
substrate spawner)
o Status of:
ƒ Herring – stable (monitoring)
ƒ Smelt/sandlance – unknown, but would expect a decline because of shoreline armoring,
land use changes and climate change (no mechanism exists for monitoring)
ƒ Anchovie – may be increasing, but many factors affect population size (monitoring)
• Other marine fish: Wayne Palsson study; WDFW, TNC, USFWS data and other local
assessments
• Onsite septic systems: Areas of high concern are those in close proximity to shellfish areas, lakes
and streams and areas with poor soil; impacts of OSS to groundwater resources are also of
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concern (Henderson Bay is showing increased Nitrogen levels in groundwater); not all OSS in
SPS have been identified; ongoing management is key
Bulkheads/sediment transport: “Damaging” and illegal post-1972 bulkheads in SPS have not
been corrected
Ecological Threats by Watershed Area
South Puget Sound Wide:
• NPS Pollution (including stormwater runoff from upland areas and marine transport from nearby
regions)
• Point Source pollution (including management of WWTPs)
• Onsite septic system failure
• Decreasing public access to shorelines
• Degradation/loss of marine nearshore and estuarine habitat
• Degradation/loss of freshwater and riparian habitat
• Degradation/loss of upland habitat (e.g., prairie oak woodlands)
• Development associated with population and economic growth
• Shoreline armoring and bulkheading
• Shoreline development
• Increasing development in upland areas
• Declining availability of undeveloped land
• Land use practices and regulations in conflict with environmental goals (including lack of
enforcement of regulations)
• Loss of forest cover and conversion to impervious surface
• Loss of duff layer and topsoil erosion
• Disruption of sediment transport dams and culverts
• Disturbance of natural hydrologic regimes (e.g., infiltration, instream flows, temperature and
contaminants)
• Dams and other fish passage barriers
• Atmospheric deposition of N from the nitrogen import industry and fossil fuel burning
• Disconnect between money spent destroying and money spent fixing the environment
• Threats to species: salmon, forage fish, seabirds
• Trophic cascade effects (interspecific)
• Invasive species
• Bioaccumulative toxins
• Sea level rise/global climate change
• Possibility of hydrokinetic energy facilities at the Narrows, which may impact marine circulation
• Barriers to implementation of nearshore restoration projects (incl. regulations, risk analysis and
resource availability)
• Lack of strategy for affecting change in human behavior (i.e., economic incentives to continue
environmentally destructive practices)
Totten/Little Skookum:
• Threats to shellfish areas
• Threat of conversion to impervious surface
• Disturbance of natural hydrologic regime has resulted in changes in stream flow
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Eld Inlet:
• Disturbance of natural hydrologic regime has resulted in changes in stream flow
Henderson Bay:
• Failing onsite septic systems: Increasing nutrient loads causing loss of shellfish beds
• Increased Nitrogen levels in groundwater from onsite septic systems
Budd Inlet:
• Land use practices and regulations related to mixing zones
• Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) in Budd Inlet because of point and non-point source
pollution
• Fish passage barrier at Capitol Lake
• Intensive shoreline redevelopment pressures
• Toxics in urban harbors
• Future concern: Sea level rise in downtown Olympia
Oakland Bay/Hammersley Inlet:
• Degradation/loss of forage fish habitat at Hammersley Inlet
• Disturbance of natural hydrologic regime has resulted in changes in stream flow
• Intensive shoreline redevelopment pressures at Port of Shelton (Oakland Bay)
• Toxics in urban harbors
• Future concern: Sea level rise in downtown Shelton
Pickering/Case Inlet:
• Extremely low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) in Case Inlet because of point and non-point
source pollution
• Destruction of riparian areas, instream habitat (e.g., Coulter Creek) and upland areas
• Threat of conversion to impervious surface
• Disturbance of natural hydrologic regime has resulted in changes in stream flow
Key Peninsula/Islands:
• Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) in Carr Inlet because of point and non-point source
pollution
• Dredge site disposal areas at Anderson and Ketron Islands
• Degradation/loss of forage fish habitat at Wollochet Bay and Mayo Cove
• Threat of conversion to impervious surface
• Shoreline armoring at Fox Island and Carr Inlet
Chambers/Clover Creek:
• Fish passage barriers at Chambers Creek and Morey Pond dams
• Railroad mainline tracks disrupt natural sediment transport and degrade nearshore habitat from
the Narrows to the Nisqually delta
• Loss of connection between surface and groundwater and other disruptions of natural hydrologic
regimes have resulted in changes stream flow
• Sediment transport disrupted by dams (e.g., Chambers Creek Dam)
• Fort Lewis wastewater treatment plant discharges (i.e., history of water quality violations due to
inflow and infiltration non-compliance)
• Marine transport of point source pollution from South Central Puget Sound action area
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Nisqually:
• Degradation/loss of salmon habitat in estuarine, nearshore and freshwater areas due to ditching,
diking, loss of riparian cover, and erosion
• Shoreline armoring
• Railroad mainline tracks disrupt natural sediment transport and degrade nearshore habitat from
the Narrows to the Nisqually delta
• Sediment transport disrupted by dams (e.g., Alder Dam)
• Loss of connection between surface and groundwater and other disruptions of natural hydrologic
regimes have resulted in changes stream flow
• Future concern: Sea level rise at McAllister Creek
Issue “Hot Spots” (Greatest Threats to Ecological Health)
• Threats to shellfish: Pathogens (from natural sources, climate changes – particularly in Western
SPS); availability of suitable habitat
• Threats to salmon: Loss of summer rearing habitat; shoreline armoring; degraded riparian areas
and fragmented habitat; impacts non-SPS fish which utilize SPS habitat (e.g., Chinook at
Nisqually estuary);
• Shoreline armoring: Conversion to bulkheads (influence of Shoreline Management Act) affects
salmon habitat, ecological functions, forage fish habitat; impacts of shoreline armoring related to
railroad mainline maintenance is a big issue
• Habitat conversion from historic conditions: Loss of forest cover, reduced LWD and carbon
inputs to stream systems, loss of storage in wetlands, reduction in habitat resilience, degradation
and loss of topsoil/duff layer disrupt natural hydrologic regimes; these are threats to overall
biodiversity; correction of habitat conversion will remedy numerous related watershed problems
• Pollution: Historic conditions were of less pollution and more pollution buffering capacity in the
habitat
• Toxins: Bioaccumulative toxins affect many species in PS; toxins in sediments is a documented
problem in Budd Inlet, Shelton Harbor
• Stormwater/wastewater discharge: Pharmaceuticals, estrogens, caffeine, and other household
products in water bodies
• Combined impacts from multiple threats: For example, cumulative effects of habitat conversion,
bulkheading and sea level rise
• Current incentives for human behavior: Need to develop mechanisms for changing behavior
from current destructive practices (e.g., cap & trade systems, labeling programs or other
incentives)
• Population growth: Human/animal waste management, impacts from development, contaminated
stormwater runoff
High Success Programs
• Aggressive acquisition programs (e.g., habitat or floodplain)
• Bulkhead removal incentive programs (e.g., WDOE-proposed program)
• Transfer of development rights programs (e.g., Pierce County)
• Use of low impact development (LID) to manage stormwater onsite and minimize impacts from
new development and redevelopment (retrofits)
• Science-based process with clear strategic plan-of-action and multiple collaborative partners (e.g.,
WRIA 11 Lead Entity for salmon recovery)
• Programs with continuous funding streams (e.g., salmon recovery/SRFB)
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Programs with a direct connection between restoration need and funding (e.g., King County
surface water fees assessed on the basis of % impervious surface)
Incentive programs (e.g., Thurston County Onsite Septic System program)
Interagency coordination and partnerships (e.g., Shellfish Partners program - TPCHD, PCWP,
WDOE, PC Community Development)
Basin-level planning for surface water management that includes characterization of watershed
conditions and corresponding management actions necessary for correction (e.g., Pierce County
basin planning program)
Well-rounded natural resource management that includes use of multiple tools in concert with
one another (i.e., regulation, public involvement, funding/grants and other incentives)
Other Needed Programs or Changes
• Funding: Consistent, adequate and direct funding for research, monitoring, projects and program
development; explicit link between environmental destruction and funding for restoration
activities (e.g., cap and trade, taxation, etc.);
• Regulation: More stringent regulations, backed by sound science; enforcement of environmental
regulations currently on the books
• Political accountability: Improved quality of elected officials, political will and individual
accountability; increased public involvement
• Shift in values: Connect ecological/economic systems and values (e.g., through valuation of
ecosystem services); change in public/societal values (i.e., development of an environmental
ethic) that lead to changes in behavior; expanded public education and awareness programs (e.g.,
appreciation of WWTP facilities); development of an “ecological currency”; correct the
disconnect between perceived and real ecological conditions
• Water reuse policies: Evaluation and establishment of water reuse policies and practices and
nitrogen dispersal (e.g., LOTT, Squaxin Tribe and City of Yelm)
• Watershed specific management strategies: Management programs that are tailored specifically
to watershed characteristics (e.g., conservation strategies in Nisqually vs. restoration strategies in
Chambers-Clover)
• Continued environmental degration: Stop status quo practices that will lead to the need for
additional restoration (i.e., change land use practices that negatively impact habitat, water quality
and shellfish in both urban and rural areas)
• Preservation strategy: Take steps to protect the remaining areas of unimpaired habitat while also
adopting a restoration strategy for the more degraded areas of SPS
Research Needs
• Monitoring of:
o Rate at which shorelines are being armored (legal – WDFW HPA applications; illegal
bulkheading – WDOE oblique aerial photos), because bulkheads change sediment loading
o Rate of conversion of hard armoring to natural shorelines
o Rate of conversion of private shoreline to public shoreline (because of access or conservation
purposes)
• Deep submerged habitats
• Relationship between water quality DO and survivability of salmon redds
• Bacteria regrowth in sediments as a source of contamination in shellfish beds
• Link between restoration projects and salmon production (e.g., Red Salmon Slough coho)
• Total amount of habitat lost to date (i.e., establish a “baseline” of conditions to enable effective
forward process)
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Impacts of road building on habitat in smaller coves and bays (e.g., fragmentation and sediment
input)
Locations of onsite septic systems in SPS
Large-scale vs. small-scale impacts of restoration activities (e.g., OSS maintenance issues)
Comprehensive food web study in SPS, including historic biomass and species partitioning (esp.
relation to coho and steelhead survival)
Usability of clean dredge spoil in habitat restoration projects
Forage fish and shoreline armoring: How much armoring is too much for forage fish?
Miscellaneous/Other Considerations
• Much data already exists on SPS health (e.g., State of the Sound Report, PSAT data, PS Salmon
Recovery Plan, LE strategies); important to capture and incorporate this into the process.
• It may be more useful to identify threats and impacts on an ecological basis, not on the basis of
human behaviors. Also important is to firmly root current and future management actions in
scientific understanding of ecological processes.
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