Lived experience of women with
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)
Funding Agency : ICSSR, extramural Research
Principal
Investigator
Co- Investigators
Prof.Praveena K.R
PhD Scholar
Yenepoya University
Dr.Asha P Shetty, Dean,
Yenepoya Nursing College
Dr. M.N Krishnan, Consultant
Cardiologist, Malabar Medical
College, Calicut
Introduction
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the
leading causes of death and disability
among young and older women,
respectively 1, 2
 IHD includes of Myocardial Infraction (MI,
Heart attack) and Angina pectoris


Introduction contd..
IHD is caused by inadequate blood supply
to the muscles of the heart 3
 The purpose of this study is to
understand what sense or meaning
people make of their experience of IHD
treated in an acute healthcare facility

Introduction contd..
It is not surprising to know people lack
awareness of the consequence of this
dreadful disease even after primary
exposure of a cardiac event.
 This insight call for new, expanded, and
fresh ways to deliver information and
 provide resources to support post-heart
attack patients while they are in an acute
healthcare facility.

Aim

This study aimed to describe lived
experience of women with IHD to
provide a suitable guide for nursing
practice.
Objectives



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Critically evaluate the literature to identify
the experiences of Women with IHD during
hospitalization
Explore the lived experience of women
post heart attack
Compare the perceptions of women from
different ethnic background
Examine the views of nurses to build a
better psychological picture of the additional
difficulties that women face post heart attack
Novelty Importance of the
Proposed Project

Qualitative studies help to obtain in depth
knowledge and understanding about a
Phenomena in areas where little fact is
known

It is a qualitative Phenomenological Study
What is Phenomenology?
Phenomenology is an attempt to
answer this
(seemingly) basic
question:
How can we have knowledge
of the world, as it really is?
Phenomenology
The “lived”
experience
The Form and its Phenomenon
Reality versus our experience of reality.
Phenomenologists….

REJECT scientific realism (objects exist
independently of our knowledge of their existence)

DISAGREE that the empirical sciences are better
methods to describe the features of the world

DESCRIBE the ordinary, conscious experience of
things


OPPOSE the acceptance of unobservable things
REJECT naturalism and positivism.
Phenomenologists….

BELIEVE objects in the natural world, cultural
world, and abstract objects (like consciousness)
can be made evident and thus known

RECOGNIZE the role of description prior to
explanation by means of causes, purposes, or
ground

STUDY the “life-world” (the taken-for-granted
pattern of everyday living
Strengths of
phenomenology
Efficient and Economical (only in terms of
data generation or maybe not at all. . .)
 Direct Interaction with Participants

 Allows the researcher to ask for clarification and to
ask immediate follow-up/probing questions
 Allows the researcher to observe nonverbal
responses which can be supportive or contradictory
to the verbal responses

Data is in the participants’ own words
Relevance of the study
Patients with IHD are generally admitted to
critical care unit (CCU).
 Their health care mostly focuses on
physiotherapy, pharmacology, and their
biological response.
 Little attention is thus paid to psychological
support of patients 4
 Heart attack and acute Angina Pectoris
remarkably affect quality of life of patients
and their families and depict a major crisis in
their life 5.

Relevance of the study contd..
Knowing that the function of heart, as the
core of life, being disturbed is probably
the most threatening experience for
people with heart attack
 It is evident that patients have a vague
perspective of their life after having heart
attack 6
 The care given to women with IHD needs
to be based on deeper description of
their experiences

Relevance of the study contd..
Women’s experience of IHD during
hospitalization is an important field of
study in nursing 7
 Nurses are the main part of healthcare
system who spend more time with
patients affected with IHD and
 So have a unique opportunity to help
them to overcome their problems

Relevance of the study contd..
Nurses and other health care providers
want to perceive the experiences of their
patients, enter their world, and realize the
social processes that clarify disease and
health events 8.
 Therefore, it is necessary to focus to
experiences of patients in order to
propose effective solutions.

Rosenstock’s Health Belief Model
Methodology

Qualitative descriptive phenomenological
study

Purposive sampling will be adopted for
the patients who had experienced IHD
and were willing to participate in the
study

In a qualitative study, sampling continues
until data saturation occurs
Methodology contd..

Deep and semi-structured interviews will
be used to collect data

During meeting with the participants, the
nature, objectives, and method of the
study and their role will be explained

Informed consent from participants for
recording the interview will be obtained
Methodology contd..

The interviews will be transcribed word
by word and then check with the
recorded information again.

Rigor of the study is recommended by
Polit and Beck in four aspects of
credibility, dependability, confirmability
and transferability.
Methodology contd..
Credibility of the study will be ensured
by long and deep engagement of the
researchers in data collection and analysis
 using parallel analyses of several
interviews by other researchers and
comparing their results with those of the
researchers, and also by returning the
results to the participants for revision.

Methodology contd..
Dependability and confirmability can be
checked by an audit trial
 Two of the tapes along with the
tapescripts may be given to a qualitative
study expert who did not take part in the
study for analysis
 Transferability will be maintained by
diversifying participants and describing the
findings and all procedures in detail.

Methodology contd..
Colaizzi’s phenomenological method will
be used to analyze data.
 The tapescripts will be studied and
revised meticulously and statements
related to the phenomena will be
extracted in order to understand the
feelings of participants.
 Then, codes will be organized in
categories which are confirmed by
participants.

Methodology contd..
In the next stage, the results will be
integrated using a complete description of
the studied phenomenon and revised to
have clear concepts.
 The final results will be returned to the
participants to be validated.

A summary of Colaizzi's strategy for
Phenomenological data analysis

COST ESTIMATION
Position
No of
Persons
Emoluments
Duratio
n
Amount
Required
Deputy
Director
2
16,000/month
2 years
768000/=
Research
Associate
1
13,000/month
2 years
3,12,000/=
Research
Investigator
1
10,500/month
2 years
2,52,000/=
Computer
Operator
1
Lump sum
2 years
1,20,000/=
COST ESTIMATION contd..
S No
Others
Amount
1.
Travel
20,000/=
2.
Data Processing
10,000/=
3
Stationary & Printing
10,000/=
4
Books, Journals etc
10,000/=
5
Contingency Expenses including Postage
5,000/=
6
Miscellaneous (Computer, internet etc)
5,000/=
Total
50,000/=
Grand Total
Rs 15,02,000/=
Time Schedule of Activities
S
No
1
2
3
Task
4
5
6
7
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Results
8
Review of Literature
Preparation of Tool
Validity and reliability of tool
Discussion, summary and
conclusion
Thesis writing and
Submission
I
II
year year
III
IV
year year
Requirements
Ethical Clearance Certificate
 Validation of tool

Equipments needed : Nil
 Consumables: Papers, Stationeries,
Recording device

References
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