Can anyone ever actually make a profit
from operating a charging network?
Ole Henrik Hannisdahl, Managing Director
Grønn Kontakt: A national Fast Charge
operator
• Owned by 23 Norwegian power
companies
• 4 employees
• Lean, highly flexible and scalable
business model
• Currently ~50 fast chargers in
operation
• Cash flow positive at ~100 fast
chargers
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EVs in Norway
2010 – Q1 2015
60000
~20% market share,
new cars
~2% of total fleet
50000
40000
Prognosis 2009
30000
Actual
Prognosis 2012
20000
10000
0
Q4 2010
Q4 2011
Q4 2012
Q4 2013
Q4 2014
EV sales
2011 – October 2014
The economics: Did it add up when the
market took off in 2012?
• Duel: i-MiEV vs Fiat 500
• 5 years
• 15.000 km / year
The Scandinavian numbers 2012 (WARNING:
Estimates
ates only!)
35.000 €
30.000 €
25.000 €
Road tolls, ferries, parking
20.000 €
Capital cost
Annual fee
Fuel
15.000 €
Maintenance
Depreciation
10.000 €
5.000 €
0€
The current situation
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Share of EV sales per year
Oslo + Akershus
Andre
22%
40%
39%
55%
60%
63%
45%
40%
37%
2012
2013
2014
78%
60%
2009
2010
61%
2011
Population density – Europe (2007)
• Norway:
– 14 inhabitans / km2
• Ireland:
– 60 inhabitans / km2
• Portugal:
– 110 inhabitans / km2
• Denmark:
– 125 inhabitans / km2
• Germany:
– 233 inhabitans / km2
An EV trip from Oslo to the
mountains
• Scenario: Nissan LEAF, -8 degrees, highway speed (100km/h), 211km distance
• Actual consumption: 2.5kWh / 10km
• Fast charging speed limited in cold weather. Real effect: ~19kW = 84km per hour of charging
• Needs a minimum 1h24min of charging along the route
-But what if you want to go to the mountains? How do you charge?
9.10.2010
-Well, EVs are probably not a great choice for taking your family to the
mountains…
Larger batteries change the scenario
• Range under same conditions: 324 km
• Fast charge speed: 240km / 45 min
• Driving pattern (100 km/h): First 3h15min. Then fast charge 45min. Then 2h10 min
driving, 45min charging, etc.
The most important charging point of
all
Some data: Usage per hour
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Drop-in:
Subscribers
16
Some more data: Usage per day
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Drop-in:
Fri
Sat
Sun
Subscribers
17
Customers
• «I need fast chargers to go
long distance!»
• «The last place I need a fast
charger is close to home"
vs
Data
• Average use of corridor chargers:
<1 charges per day, peaks on
Fridays
• Use of fast chargers strongly
correlated with population density.
Our most used charger: >25
charges per day
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Battery size vs fast charging needs
Development over time
Fast Charging
location
Small battery
(<30kWh)
Medium battery
(30-60kWh)
Large battery
(>60kWh)
Close to home
More important
Important
Less important
Corridor
Less important
Important
More important
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Our current business case, per charger:
• Break-even, operating costs excluding investment:
– ~1 charge per day
• Break-even, operating costs + investment:
– ~7-8 chargings per day
• Break-even, operating costs + subsidised investment:
– ~4-5 chargings per day
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Some known issues
• Useability / user interaction
• Hardware stability
• Network stability
• DSO effect tariffs
• «Standards»
• Overengineering
21
Learning points from the Norwegian
market: Keep it simple, don’t oversell!
Predicting the future is hard
If you were asked in the 1980s about having a camera
in your phone..what would you have imagined?
Thank you for your attention
Ole Henrik Hannisdahl
Managing Director
[email protected]
Cell: +47 97 78 26 77
Visitors:
Lysaker Torg 15, 1366 Lysaker, Norway
Postal address:
Po. Box 603 Lundsiden
N-4606 Kristiansand, Norway
www.gronnkontakt.no
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