Chapter 3
Probability
(Olasılık)
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3.1
Events, Sample Spaces, and Probability
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Definition
3- 3
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Definition
3- 4
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Figure 3.1 Tree diagram for the coin-tossing
experiment
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Figure 3.2 Venn diagrams for the three
experiments from Table 3.1
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Definition
3- 7
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Table 3.1
3- 8
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Figure 3.3 Proportion of heads in N tosses
of a coin
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Figure 3.4 Experiment: invest in a business
venture and observe whether it succeeds (S)
or fails (F)
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Procedure
3 - 11
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Figure 3.5 Die-toss experiment with event
A, observe an even number
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Definition
3 - 13
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Definition
3 - 14
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Procedure
bir nesne grubu (N) içerisinden, sıra gözetmeksizin yapılan seçimler (n)
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3 - 16
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3 - 17
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3 - 18
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3
20
15504
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3.2
Unions and Intersections
Birleşim ve Kesişim
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Definition
3 - 22
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Definition
3 - 23
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Figure 3.7 Venn diagrams for union and
intersection
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3.3
Complementary Events
Tamamlayıcı Olaylar
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Definition
3 - 26
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Figure 3.9 Venn diagrams of
complementary events
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Procedure
3 - 28
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Figure 3.10 Complementary events in the
toss of two coins
A= {Havaya atılan iki paradan en az birinin yazı gelmesi}
3 - 29
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3.4
The Additive Rule and
Mutually Exclusive Events
Ekleme Kuralı ve
Karşılıklı Kapsamayan (Bağımsız) Olaylar
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Figure 3.11 Venn diagram of union
3 - 31
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Procedure
3 - 32
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Figure 3.12 Venn diagram of Mutually
exclusive events
Karşılıklı kapsamayan olaylar için venn şeması
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Definition
Ortak elemanları olmayan A ve B kümeleri
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Procedure
3 - 35
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Figure 3.13 Venn diagram for coin-toss
experiment
A= {Havaya atılan iki paradan en az birinin yazı gelmesi}
B= {Havaya atılan iki paradan en fazla birinin yazı veya tura gelmesi}
C= {Havaya atılan iki paranın yazı gelmesi}
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3 - 37
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3 - 38
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3 - 39
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3.5
Conditional Probability
Koşullu Olasılık
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Figure 3.14 Reduced sample space for the
die-toss experiment: given that event B has
occurred
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Formula
B olayı belli iken A olayının koşullu
(gerçekleşme) olasılığı
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Figure 3.15 Sample space for Example 3.15
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Table 3.5
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3.6
The Multiplicative Rule and
Independent Events
Çarpım Kuralı ve
Bağımsız Olaylar
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Procedure
3 - 47
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Figure 3.16 Venn diagram for finding P(A)
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Figure 3.17 Venn diagram for finding P(B|A)
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Figure 3.18 Tree diagram for Example 3.17
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Definition
3 - 51
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Figure 3.19 Venn diagram for die-toss
experiment
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Figure 3.20 Mutually exclusive events are
dependent events
Karşılıklı kapsamayan olaylar bağımsız
olaylardır.
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Procedure
3 - 54
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3 - 55
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3 - 56
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3.7
Random Sampling
Rastgele Örnekleme
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Definition
3 - 59
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Table 3.7
3 - 60
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3 - 61
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3 - 62
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3 - 63
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