Chapter 20
Community
Ecology
Primary Succession
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The development of a community in an area
that has not supported life previously.
Soil is not initially present.
This process may take more than 200 years
Examples: bare rock, sand dune, or an island
formed by volcanic irruption.
The first species that colonize new or
undisturbed land are pioneer species.
Pioneer Species- usually small, reproduce
quickly, grow quickly, good at dispersing their
seeds.
Secondary Succession
 Replacement
of species in areas where
existing ecosystems have been disturbed
or destroyed.
 Occurs where soil is already present.
 The complete process may take 100 years
or more.
 Examples: Forest Fires, Strong Storm, or
Human activities: logging or mining
Quiz Your Brain
 Identify
examples of how animal and
human disturbances can affect a
community?
 Identify
differences between primary and
secondary succession.
Chapter 21
Ecosystems
Tundra
 Tundra
is a cold, harsh and treeless area
on Earth.
 It is found in the Arctic and on the tops of
mountains.
 Ex: Northern part of the world such as
Alaska
Taiga
 Coniferous-
cone bearing trees
 Evergreen- retain green leaves
throughout the year
Temperate Forest
 Deciduous
– shedding its leaves annually
Tropical Forest
Temperate Grassland
Savanna
Chaparral
Desert
 Succulent
plants store water.
Estuary
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Occurs when freshwater rivers and streams
flow into the sea.
Constant change in temperature and salinity.
Example: bays, salt marshes, or mangrove
swamp forest
The animals and plants that reside here are
adapted for frequent change.
Example: Mangrove tree’s have special
glands on their leaves to help filter and
eliminate the extra salt.
Wetland
 Areas
of land that are covered with fresh
water for at least part of each year.
 Two types:
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Marsh- Contain non-woody plants
Swamp- Contain wood plants
 Productive
ecosystem
 Home to many species of birds, fish,
mammals, and amphibians
 Home to rare predators including:
American Alligator and the Florida
Panther
Quiz Your Brain
 Contrast
a temperate grassland with a
savanna.
 Which
soil is better suited for agricultural
use: the soil of a tropical rain forest or the
soil of a temperate deciduous forest?
Explain your answer.